Chapter 34 Drinking Twenty Poems (Part 4)

The birds are lost in the habitat, and they still fly alone at dusk.Wandering indefinitely, the sound turns sad every night.Severely thinking about Qingyuan, going and coming He Yiyi.Because of the value of the solitary pine, the stalks come and go.The strong wind has no flourishing trees, and this shade alone does not fade.You have already got what you want, and it will not be violated for thousands of years. The whole poem uses metaphors, using the bird's loss from the flock to the lone pine as a metaphor for his own process from falling into the dust net to returning to the hermit field, thus expressing his dissatisfaction with reality and the pastoral life far away from the hustle and bustle. praise.

The first six sentences of the poem express the loneliness and hesitation of the lost bird.At dusk, a stray bird is still flying alone. It is alone, perched in panic, wandering in the sky in fear and anxiety, and can never find a place to rest. Day after day, night after night, its The cry became more and more sad and sad.In its shrill cry, you can hear the ideal of longing for a deep and lofty place. It flies around but has nowhere to go.The flying birds here obviously symbolize the anxiety of the poet himself in the first half of his life.Since Tao Yuanming was twenty-nine years old, he has intermittently worked as a small official in Jiangzhou offering wine, joining the army in Zhenjun, and joining the army in Jianwei. At the age of 41, he served as Peng Zeling for 85 days. Mi bowed his waist to the village villain" and dismissed his ribbon and relinquished his post.These life experiences of the poet are the facts implied in the first half of this poem.

The second half of this poem is about the bird's shelter and its determination not to leave.It encountered a solitary pine tree, so it folded its wings and came here from a far away place to inhabit, implying that it had found an ideal place to retreat. The two sentences of "Strength Wind" are a stroke, and the writing of the bird is brought out of the writing of the pine.Under the strong storm, there would be no lush forests, but the shade of the lone pine never fades. These two sentences clearly mean that there is no place to live and work in troubled times. expressed strong interest.So the last two lines of the poet sighed through the mouth of the perching bird: I have such an ideal place of support, and I will stick to it forever and never leave.It is not unreasonable for the poet to use the lonely pine as a metaphor for his retreat here. Tao Yuanming has a special feeling for the pine tree, just like he treats the chrysanthemum. For example, the eighth song of "Drinking Wine" praises the lonely pine. The sentence: "The green pine is in the East Garden, and the grass has no beauty. When the frost casts aside the different species, the tall branches stand out." It can be seen that he highly appreciates the outstanding and proud character of the pine tree.Moreover, it is known that there is probably a tall and straight pine tree in the East Garden where he lives, so he also said in his "Return to Come": "Three paths are deserted, and pine and chrysanthemums still exist." Entering, caressing the lonely pine and lingering." It can be seen that the "lonely pine" here is not only a symbol, but also a realistic meaning.Of course, there is something in common between the pine tree's nobility and steadfastness and Tao Yuanming's aloofness and integrity.In these six sentences, the poet expresses his attachment and love for pastoral life. For example, in the last poem of the same group of poems, "Jielu in the Human Realm", he fully expresses his feelings, thinking that this is the best way to get away from the hustle and bustle. The way, so I wish to keep it for thousands of years and never separate.

This poem all uses comparison style, inheriting the creation technique of Bixing in our country since then. The same is true of Song.Tao Yuanming just accepted the tradition of "Chu Ci". He used the solitary bird as a metaphor to describe himself freed from the shackles of the world, which is more intriguing and meaningful than direct statements.He also has a group of four-character poems "Returning to the Bird", which also expresses similar feelings. For example, one of them said: "Wings return to the bird, go to the forest in the morning, far away, and rest near the clouds. The wind is not in harmony. , turn over the hex to seek the heart, care about the lovers, and the scenery protects the Qingyin." It also embodies the experience of the poet who knows how to return when he is tired.This kind of saying that the return of birds to symbolize the poet's transition from official career to seclusion is also common in Tao Yuanming's other works, such as "The birds love the old forest, and the fish think about the old abyss" in "Five Poems of Returning to the Garden". It is said in "Returning to Come" that "the cloud has no heart to go out of the Xiu, and the bird knows to return when it is tired." They all use the returning bird as a metaphor for their return to the countryside.This poem uses the metaphor of the first poem to inspire countless poems that use birds as metaphors for people, such as Bao Zhao's "Gift to Fudu Cao Farewell", Han Yu's "Singing Wild Goose", Du Mu's "Early Wild Goose" and so on. The poem uses geese as a comparison, which is in the same line as Tao Yuanming's writing technique in this poem.

Another feature of this poem in writing is the use of strong contrasts. The first six lines of the poem express the frustration of a lonely bird. Feeling bleak.Besides, it wanders indefinitely, which is what the eyes can see; continue to say that its song turns sad, which is what the ear hears, and finally from its song, infer what its heart is thinking, and write it layer by layer, leaving the lonely bird with nowhere to go. Rong's predicament is written vividly.However, turning back abruptly below the "solitary pine due to value" and returning to the shade is naturally infinite fun, not to mention that when there are no prosperous trees in the world, a tall and straight green pine covered with shade can be used as a habitat , is an ideal paradise for itself, so I want to live here and never leave it for thousands of years.In the next six sentences, those who write about birds get where they are and do their best.However, only on the basis of the disappointment in the first half, can we feel more deeply the value of the situation written in the second half, forming a strong contrast before and after, making the poetry more vivid. This is the wonderful use of contrast in poetry creation. For touching effect.

As for the meaning of this poem, when the predecessors explained the meaning of this poem, they often thought that Tao Yuanming not only expressed his willingness to retire and the noble integrity of Liu Song Dynasty, but also intentionally satirized Yin Jingren, Yan Yanzhi and other scholars who became officials in the new dynasty. "Strong wind without flourishing wood" sentences.However, the purpose of carefully appreciating the whole poem is to use the bird to describe itself. Although the "strong wind" is a metaphor for the chaos of the times, it may not necessarily refer to it.When reading poems written in Yibi style, it is best not to be too detailed and attached, which is what we should pay attention to in poetry appreciation.