Chapter 25 Everyone visits Zhou's tomb under the cypress

Today's weather is good, clear blowing and ringing bombs. Thanks to Bibo's servants, is An De not happy? Qing songs disperse new voices, and green wine blooms. I don't know what will happen tomorrow, and Yu Jinliang is already exhausted. Judging from the content of this poem, it should be Tao Yuanming's work after he returned to the field.The "all people" in the title, according to some annotations in "Book of Jin·Tao Qian Zhuan", after Tao Yuanming returned to the field: "Since Juezhou County visited, his fellow Zhang Ye, and Zhou Xuanren Yang Songling, Pang Zun, etc., or Invite him with wine", I think it may refer to Zhang, Yang, Pang and others. "Zhou Family Tomb", according to "Book of Jin Zhou Fang Biography", Zhou Fang lived in Xunyang, was friendly with Tao Yuanming's great-grandfather Tao Kan, and married his daughter to Tao Kan's son.According to the biography: "When Tao Kanwei was about to be buried, Ding Jian lost a cow at home and didn't know where it was. When he met an old man, he said, "I saw a cow on the front hill, and it slept in the dirt of the mountain. If the place is buried, it is an extremely human minister. "He pointed to a mountain and said: "This is also the second, and two thousand stones should be produced." The words are gone. Kan finds the cattle and gets them. Because of the place where they are buried, he refers to other mountains and visits. Visiting father died, buried, As a governor, he is known as Ning and Yi. From the following interviews, the third generation is Yizhou for 41 years, as he said." Tao Shu's annotations, based on which he said: "Zhou and Tao Shiyu, who travel here, may soon The family tomb.” Although there is no evidence for these, they can be used for reference.

This poem is short in length and ordinary in content, but it has won the appreciation of many people, and there must be something extraordinary about it.Ordinary, such as "today's weather is good, clear blowing and playing bombs." Drink happily, or sing "Qingge", or play wind and string music to add to the fun.These are very ordinary activities, and the language used in poetry is also very ordinary.It's not ordinary, because the tour is under the cypress tree in someone's cemetery, and I want to "joy" but choose this kind of place that is easy to make people sad.Those who can "make fun" in a sad place are not extremely insensitive mediocrity, but should be an expert with extreme awareness and detachment, who can explore the common truth and eliminate the fear of death.Tao Yuanming was not numb. He clearly "senses the shortness and emptiness of his life" as shown by the long burial after his death; moreover, from the changes of the current events of the day, from his own life or the maintenance of life, there are "unknown Tomorrow" feeling.Under such circumstances, it is still possible to "for joy"; it is also possible to achieve "the remaining goodness has been exhausted", that is, to be able to eliminate the pent-up in the chest and exhaust the joy. Realization and detachment.In terms of understanding and detachment from the issue of life and death, it can be seen everywhere in Tao Yuanming's poems, such as "Drinking Alone in the Rain": "Life will come to an end, and it will always be the case." "May Zhonghe Master Dai" : "Which comes and doesn't go, human reason inherently has an end." "Shen Shi": "Old and young die together, and there are no plurals of sages and fools." I worry about being alone." "Elegy Poem": "What is the way to die, and the body is on the same mountain." A view of natural luck and transformation, a simple view of life and death, is many times higher than that of the scholar-bureaucrats at that time who "observed food to seek gods" and pursued "the immortality of gods".

As far as the content of this poem is concerned, Huang Wenhuan's "Analysis of Tao Poetry" commented: "'I don't know what will happen tomorrow, but Yu Jinliang has already done it." It’s too late, it’s nothing to stop, it’s straightforward.” Jiang Xun’s "Tao Yuanming Poetry Collection" commented: "The first sentence is about entertainment, and only the third sentence is about the tomb of Zhou. How easy it is to move. Free and easy, turned into sticky." Wang Fuzhi's "Selection of Ancient Poems" commented: "The five characters 'Yu Jinliang is already deep' are the pillars of elegance." Qiu Jiasui's "Dongshan Thatched Cottage Pottery Poetry Notes" commented: "This poem is full of sorrow from the tomb. In the old case, the last two sentences benefit from the pleasure of seeing the prime position, although I have been more open-minded, but it is not enough." They are quite pertinent.As far as the form of language is concerned, it is short, ordinary yet extraordinary, just as Zhong Rong said in "Poetry": "The style is simple and clean, and there are almost no long words; the meaning is true and ancient, and the words are graceful and pleasant. "Wen Runeng's "Tao Poetry Review" said: "Tao's collection of this kind of highest detachment is not easy for future generations to learn."