Chapter 12 Beginning to town the army and join the army by A Zuo

Outside of the weak age, I am entrusted with Qin Shu.Being proud of being brown, often empty like Yanru.Gou Minghui comes from time to time, like a bridle to rest on the thoroughfare.Make a decision to wear morning clothes, and stay away from Sonoda for the time being.The lonely boat passed away, and I returned to my thoughts.Wouldn't it be far away for me to go, climbing and descending for more than a thousand miles?The eyes are tired, the road is different, and the mind is thinking of Shanzeju.Looking at the clouds, I am ashamed of the birds, and I am ashamed of swimming in the water.I really want to be in the lapel at the beginning, who is said to be restrained in appearance.After chatting and relocating, we will eventually return to Banshenglu.

In the third year of Emperor Yuanxing of Jin'an (404), Tao Yuanming was already 40 years old. Forced by life, he served as the general of the Zhenjun Liu Yu to join the army and went to Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) to take office.His past life experience made him have a very deep understanding of the darkness of the officialdom. He eats and eats himself, which is incompatible with the author's nature. When he was walking through Qu'a (now Danyang, Jiangsu), he wrote this poem, expressing his heart. contradictions and distress. Tao Shi is always characterized by kindness and simplicity.His narrations and works are like gathering with friends, with a cup in hand, the words flow naturally from the heart.At first glance, it seems a little casual, but after careful reading, it is deeply literary.This poem is exactly that.

The whole poem can be divided into four sections.The first four sentences are the first paragraph, describing his indifferent and self-sufficient ambition when he was young.The author mentioned that he had no interest in secular affairs since he was a child, and only spent time playing the piano and reading books.Although life is poor, but also contented.Is this true?real!The author has said more than once that he "has little rhyme suitable for vulgarity, and his nature is loving Qiushan", and Yan Yanzhi's "Tao Zhengshishi" also said that he is "weak and not easy to deal with, but he has a solid heart".However, that's not quite the case.Because the author said in the fifth of "Miscellaneous Poems" that "I remember when I was young, I had no joy. I am happy. My ambition is everywhere, and I am thinking of far away." It can be seen that he once had the grand ambition of helping the people of the world. .The author's seclusion and dedication to farming, in addition to the reasons of personality, is mainly due to "the festival of slack and incorruptible retreat, the heart of easy advances driven by the government", "the dense net cuts the fish, and the macro system makes the birds frightened" Forced by the dirty and dark reality ofSo, what does the author mean by talking about his aspirations in life when he was young?It should be said that a person's recall of the good things in the past is often a tortuous reflection of dissatisfaction with the real situation.The author emphasizes that he spent his youth as an outsider and entrusted himself to the piano and books, which actually expresses his self-condemnation for being forced to become an official today, and his disgust for the upcoming official career that is full of troubles and paperwork.

Although the author hates official life, he treats his forced official career with the attitude of Taoism, and regards it as a kind of destiny arrangement.That being the case, there is no need to fight against fate, you can go into politics with peace of mind, and regard it as a rest on the road of life growth.The four sentences in the second paragraph, "When I come to Gou Minghui, like a bridle to rest on the thoroughfare", explain the reason for my official career in this way.However, after all, it is not possible to park horses for a long time on the thoroughfare, so this rest can only be a nap, and the separation from Sonoda can only be temporary.It is with such an attitude and intention that the author has calmly applied for an official position.

The eight sentences from "the lonely boat passed away" to "the fish are ashamed to swim in the water" are the third paragraph, which narrates the author's feelings during the journey.With the tenet of following nature and not going against the times, and the intention of returning home after a short period of time, I boarded a small boat and sailed from a leisurely, quiet, and peaceful mountain village to an official career full of dangerous turmoil. I may feel relatively calm when I first set off, but with the As the journey gets farther and farther away, the thoughts of returning home also become stronger.Traveling to Qu'e, the planned journey has been more than a thousand miles. At this time, the poet's longing for home has reached its peak.The open-minded attitude at the beginning has been replaced by strong regret.He even feels ashamed when he sees birds and fish in the air, thinking that they can fly freely in the sky and swim in the long river as they please, but he goes against his nature and embarks on an official career, making his mind and actions uneasy. bound by invisible constraints. The four sentences of "the eyes are tired and the river is different" profoundly express the poet's inner weariness and self-blame for this trip.

The last four sentences are the fourth paragraph, which describes the author's plan to act in the future: Shuhua with luck, and return to the countryside in the end.This paragraph can be regarded as the summary of the whole poem. The "true thinking" of "really wanting to be in the lapel at the beginning" is the thought of sending the piano book in the first paragraph, which is not related to the world;From the regret of the journey, the author realized that being an official was not what he wanted, and also realized that his nature of wanting to live in seclusion and indifference had not been lost. ) theory, then appearance can be free.It doesn't matter if you are in the eunuch or in the field.This is roughly similar to what the author said in "The Poetry of Qianxi, the capital of the envoy who joined the army for Jianwei in March of the year of Yisi", "the shape seems to be restrained, but the plain skirt cannot be changed".However, doesn't the author's regret and self-blame clearly show that he already feels that he has "been enslaved by his body"?Why do we still have to say "Who is restrained by appearance and trace"?Obviously, the author is here to comfort himself: I am not constrained by appearance; it is to encourage myself: I will not be constrained by appearance!On the surface, the seemingly straightforward rhetorical question is actually the author's reaffirmation of himself in order to achieve psychological balance and to break free from regret. "Let's talk and change, and finally return to Banshenglu", the first sentence is a countermeasure to the current situation, and the latter sentence is the plan for the future source: let's follow the natural changes and make peace with the situation, but I will definitely return in the end Pastoral. ("Ban Sheng Lu" is derived from Ban Gu's "You Tong Fu", "Li Shang Ren Zhi Lu", which refers to the place where the benevolent and the hermit live.) The last sentence is out of nature. The central purpose of the poem is where the first sentence comes from reason, which is the author's principles of life formulated according to Taoist thought, and the helpless sadness is vaguely revealed in the superficially open-minded self-comfort.The author's thoughts and feelings expressed in these four short sentences are really very rich and thought-provoking.

From the above superficial analysis, it is not difficult to see that this poem has a very clear level, expressing his inner feelings and psychological changes on the way to the post, which is frank, delicate and implicit, and it is indeed a masterpiece carefully compiled by the author.This can be regarded as an important feature of this poem. The choice of words and sentences in Tao's poems are often wonderful in the plain.After a rough reading, there is no novelty; but after a careful taste, it is quite meaningful.For example, in the sentence "Shi Lai Gou Minghui", when the "fortune" of being recruited into an official came, the writer neither stepped forward to greet it, nor intentionally avoided it, but let it meet naturally.The word "hui" vividly expresses the author's Taoist life attitude of being neither happy nor afraid.Another example is the sentence "Mu Juan Chuan Chuan Yi", one copy of "Different" is "Yong". According to the author's humble opinion, the word "Different" is far better than the word "Yong".From Xunyang to Qu'e, along the way there are not only the Yangtze River, but also Qingxi Xiaoliu, not only the Kuang Lu standing beside the river, but also the winding Zhongshan Mountain, which can be described as too beautiful to behold.The word "different" covers the beauty of mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River.However, in the face of such beautiful scenery, the poet who loves nature feels "tired", isn't it surprising?The "tiredness" of the scenery actually reflects the author's "tiredness" of being an official. The words "tired" and "different" have so many meanings.Others, such as the word "Qi" in "Wan Li Qi Tong Qu", and the word "Ji" in "Jiu Yu Yuan Tian Shu", etc., are also vivid A Du, which has been mentioned above and will not be repeated.