Chapter 10 He and Hu Xicao showed Gu Thief Cao

In the mid-May of Ruibin, the Qing Dynasty began to sail south, neither driving nor galloping, blowing my clothes fluttering.Heavy clouds cover the day, and the rain is light.Looking at the West Garden, Ye Ye Rong Zikui.It's so cute now, but it's going to decline again!The sense of things is willing to be timely, and every hate is played by extravagance.Waiting for the autumn crops leisurely, Liaoluo will be late on credit.You can't be drowned in your thoughts, you can only be sad if you are rampant! There is no research on the year when this poem was written, and some people who study Tao poetry tie it to Guimao (403), the second year of Emperor Yuanxing of Jin'an.According to it, the poem was written after "Two Poems on Nostalgic Farmhouses in Spring at the beginning of Guimao" and before "Writing in December of Guimao and Congdi Jingyuan".Last year, Huanxuan, governor of Jingzhou, raised his troops to Beijing, stole the highest civil and military positions, and took over the government; in the first month of the spring of this year, the title of general was increased, and the signs of usurping the Jin Dynasty were already obvious, which meant that a major political change was coming.At this time, Tao Yuanming Ding's mother was worried about her family, and she was helpless in the face of the changing situation of the court; her own life had to be self-sufficient.As the title shows, it was Hu Xicao who wrote poems to Gu Thief Cao, and Tao Yuanming wrote poems to match him.The names of Hu and Gu are unknown.Xi Cao and Zie Cao are the official names of prefectures and counties. The former is in charge of personnel and elections, and the latter is in charge of public security.Poems are usually paid for and written, and they are not written casually, but if we look at the political background of this period and Tao Yuanming's own situation, the thoughts and feelings are naturally not simple.

The four sentences directly describe the current climate, saying that one morning in the fifth month of the lunar calendar, the south wind blew, neither fast nor slow, and the poet's clothes fluttered.In ancient times, the twelve laws were used to match the twelve months, and "Ruibin" was used to match the law of May, see "Book of Rites·Monthly Order", and it was used to mark May in the poem.The wind is the "Southern Scorpion" in the "Qing Dynasty" in summer, and the weather is refreshing.In the next two sentences, without explaining the transformation process, he wrote "heavy clouds cover the day, and the leisurely rain is light." From sunny to rainy, it seems quite sudden.The above six sentences are the general writing of noodles, general description, not much description.

The four sentences of "Liumu" move from a surface to a point.First write that the poet looked at the West Garden in a blink of an eye in the breeze and light rain, and saw that the purple sunflowers in the garden were growing prosperously. Although he focused on it, he only described it.The description of the scene in the above narrative goes straight to this point; but facing Zikui, I suddenly felt a kind of emotion: "It is so cute now, but it will decline again!" There is a sense of ups and downs.Here it turns lyrical.The following two sentences: "If you feel things in time, you will show them every time you hate them." Inheriting the previous two sentences, the lyricism goes from point to point, and at the same time, it changes from the reflection of objective things to the confession of oneself, expanding one step, improving one step, and the syntax is the same. It's a bit sudden, but the content is not ordinary.Tao Yuanming was originally an aspiring person who was forced to live in seclusion. From Zikui’s rapid decline in glory, he thought that he could not realize his ambition and establish achievements in time. This kind of feeling that touches the pain in his heart is natural, so let’s say it clearly , but the poem does not say what is "willing to be in time" and what is being "excessively waved", so that readers can comprehend for themselves. The word "waving" in "Misuo Hui" should mean "to exert one's ambition"; some people explain "waving a cup", that is, the word "cup" is omitted.This kind of understanding is not in line with the habits of poetic language organization, and it is also inappropriate to regard Tao Yuanming as a person who always thinks about drinking.

Each of the above is composed of six sentences, and the end is composed of four sentences.These four sentences have changed from ideological "hate" to writing about the difficulties in life and the stronger ideological activities that cannot be suppressed in difficulties. "Wait long for the autumn crops, and the credit will be delayed if the few crops fall." When the autumn crops are harvested, there is an urgent problem of food shortage.In such a situation, there is also the above-mentioned idleness of lamenting for foreign things and sentimental for ambition, in the eyes of ordinary people, it is too pedantic and ridiculous; "Thinking" and "rampant" emotions or actions, if you think about it calmly, you will feel "sad".With the two sentences of "Yuyou", the thoughts and feelings in the context become out of the ordinary, so it is self-evident that the author is extraordinary.It seems ridiculous and sad to write "not often", but it actually reflects his admiration unintentionally.

Among Tao's poems, this poem is written in a relatively ordinary, simple and unpretentious manner. Its sudden transition also shows its "free" and "straight", that is, freehand writing, straightforward and easy to compose.But it also has its implicitness, its clumsiness but its highness, and its uniqueness, that is, it expresses the author's openness and loftiness without showing any trace. In connection with the background of the times and the author's situation at that time, the ins and outs of "rampant" can be traced, that is, the anger against the dark and sinister political situation and his own ambitions.Qiu Jiasui's "Dongshan Thatched Cottage Tao Shijian" said: "This poem is more than that. Gai Jin died in the Song Dynasty, like heavy clouds covering the sun and rainy, and Dugong's heart is like a purple sunflower sun, very cute, but old As a result, if you can’t harvest in time, it will gradually decline, and this man’s only feeling of sorrow is the reason why he feels things.” The words are a bit perfunctory, and it’s really interesting to see the sentences such as “heavy cloud” and “purple sunflower” as metaphors. Tao Shiru explained the taste of Ruan Ji's "Yong Huai".According to the previous chronology, the Jin Dynasty did not die in the Song Dynasty at this time; to regard Tao Yuanming's attitude towards the Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty as a sunflower blooming in the sun would be to underestimate his heart.We look at these verses as Fu style, which does not prevent us from seeing the poet's political enthusiasm and attitude towards life, and what makes him stand out from ordinary people, that is, he does not forget to help the world in a difficult life.The poem is written casually, but has a profound artistic conception.Wang Fuzhi's "Selection of Ancient Poems" said this poem: "It is vast and profound, and pottery students have never seen it."