Chapter 16 "Miscellaneous Copy of Literature and History" - (131-140)

(one three one) Struggles over the existence of pennies seem to underline the lack of foresight of men, and are some curious instances of inaccurate views.Lack of foresight leads to outlandish viewpoints, unreasonable ideas, and absurd arguments that go against common sense. (one three two) Basic masses who patronize and oppose domination (as opposed to most people who live in silence) have existed in any society.The frivolous public of France died at Danton's execution.But it can be the masses who are responsible in their hearts, or they can be irresponsible scoundrels, bluffing hooligans.

(one three three) Utilization is indeed a very important truth for people.It can have many good names, such as mutual aid, self-sacrifice to save others, self-sacrifice, public welfare, etc., but it also has many bad reputations, such as selfishness. But taking advantage of people can be good or bad.From the point of view of moral factors, it is much worse, and from the point of view of facts (interests), it is much better. Utilization is the center of human relationships, and it is not an exaggeration.It is the band that connects people to each other.It may be garlanded with mutual aid and smeared with snobbish smudges, but without it, without it, one's life can only be worse.

(one three four) The icing on the cake, help in the snow.There are indeed people in the world who do not give a penny when they see danger, and who spend a lot of money when they see red light. Snobbish people have existed since ancient times, but most of them are unconscious desires for material things. There are few self-aware good people in the world, and there are not many self-aware evil people. Most of them have become fierce and popular.The vast majority of people are those who don't know how to do good, but do evil spontaneously. They don't know what is good, but they only think that they can do it. This is the case with "the people can learn from it, but not know it".It is impossible to know unless one does not make one know.

(one three five) scientific and practical activities awareness and practice Either science produces practical activities, or practical activities produce science, and the logical relationship between the two must be maintained.The former is a system of rationalism, intellectualism, practicalism, and scientific dogmatism; the latter is a system of pragmatism, fideism, or (similar to Bergson's) active intuition—the dogmatism of action.Scientific dogmatism maintains that knowledge is necessary in order to act, and knowledge produces action.Except for masters who have established thorough systems, ordinary people adopt both views in their writings without feeling (recognizing) the contradiction themselves.Both formulations, when rationally unified, can contribute to mankind, and they are both part of the truth.But in the specific results, they may affect life, and may cause mistakes.Any dispute over these two formulations themselves is a matter of pure theory, and they can be endless.

(one thirty six) "Yan's Family Instructions", learning is beneficial to bluntness, and writing is ingenious and clumsy;The Case of Wumenglou: The talent of writing cannot be learned.Prosperity can be achieved through grinding, but ingenuity is difficult to achieve artificially. (one thirty seven) "Guanzi": The sage is not a private person, he is a great person and not a small thing. "Eight Shu Zhi Que Zhengzhuan": Little Qu Dashen, keeping the public and ignoring private interests. "Book of Jin Liu Song Biography", those who do public affairs are the foundation of government; those who pursue private interests are the source of chaos. (Book of Jin·Panny Biography: Anxiety must be born from selfishness, and be motivated by desire. Selfishness cannot be selfish, and desires cannot be used to satisfy their desires. It is reasonable.

Case: ancient ethical concepts, Confucianism and Laozi have their own explanations and solutions. "Laozi", less selfishness and few desires. In "Guanzi", joy lies in giving, and the public abolishes selfishness.Note, the desire to benefit the public lies in the abolition of selfishness.It is also said that if you live in the body to discuss the way and practice the principles, then the group of officials will obey the teaching, and the hundred officials will strictly judge, and no one will dare to be selfish.It is also said, like the sky and the earth, what is private and what is relative.The publicity of legalism lies in the elimination of all selfishness with a fixed principle, including personal happiness and personality justice.The public of Confucianism eliminates all emotions in life with an abstract ethics. "Columns": public and private, the virtues of heaven and earth.On the other hand, it is believed that both public and private are reasonable and do not contradict each other, which is the basis of cosmology. "Gou Zi": Zhi endures selfishness, and then can be public.Note, that correction. "Han Fei" is written for private use.If you don't know clearly, you can't be selfish.private

is an immoral thing. (Fayan: To get things in order is called training, and to overcome one's own selfishness is called restraint. I agree with you. "Guoyu": A husband who governs the country cannot be intimate with power, and the exercise of power cannot be hidden in private. Power means that the people cannot understand, and the exercise of power is hidden in private, so that the government will not work. Wang Fu's "Talent Fu Lun" shows that the king examines the law and issues religious orders, and does not deceive the law without selfishness. The great enemy of governing the country, Confucianism regards selfishness as the great enemy of self-cultivation.: Retreat and consider your own selfishness. (Shuzhi · Li Yanzhuan" note, if the water is flat, the wicked will follow the law; the mirror will be bright but ugly without anger; the mirror of water The reason why people can be poor without complaining is because of their selflessness. Shuijing is selfless to avoid slander.

According to "Han Fei", the ancient Cang Jie wrote books, those who were self-circulating did so for their own interests, those who betrayed their own interests became public, and the contradiction between public and private was well known by Cang Jie. "Rituals", its political dispersion, its people's flow, slanderous selfishness, and it can't be stopped. In "Gou", cronies compare Zhou with ring masters and private interests.Privateness is the benefit of the small group. Those who say that they are the master must speak strangely to them, and those who say that they are ministers must speak privately to them.absolutely

wonderful.Selfishness is what people like, and it is also their weakness.In Ji Kang's "Explanation of Selfishness", there is a saying that Zai Lai indulges in private affairs and dies enjoy his misfortune. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty Ma Yuanzhuan" argues that if you are not in the body, you can use strategy to gain wisdom;Because it does not involve its own interests. (one thirty eight) "Yi" to break the doubts of the world. , suspicious and defeated. "Rituals", the husband's rites, so to determine relatives and estrangements, to resolve suspicions, to distinguish similarities and differences, and to clarify right and wrong. "Gongyang Zhuan" notes, Spring and Autumn is respectful of others, and suspicion is reasonable. "Guliang" is written to be passed on, and doubts are passed on. "Shuowen" is doubtful and confused. "Hanshu · Shidan Biography", the emperor compromised and confirmed doubts. , decisive situation and doubt, everything is a chance. "Guan", the sage is loyal to give up doubts.Note, house, save also.Convinced that a heavy price must be paid. "Gou" knows nothing greater than abandoning doubts, and there is nothing greater than doing nothing.It is similar to "Sushu". "Su Shu" also said, self-doubt does not trust others, self-confidence does not doubt others.The focus here is on yourself. "Zuo Zhuan", divination is based on resolving doubts, and what to predict without doubts. "Yi" is sparse, using divination for people to cleanse the hearts of all things, and divination for all things if they are in doubt, which is to sway their selfishness. In "Han Fei", improper rewards and punishments will make people suspicious. "Zhong Shuo" is suspicious and deceitful.Is this ridiculing Wei Wu? "Character Chronicle", a submissive person is calm and forgiving, so it can be followed by the usual, but it is difficult to doubt the authority. "On the Potential Husband", if the horse does not try, it will be doubtful.Doubt lies in practice. "Ji Jia Zhou Shu" states that there are six periods of conquest of a country, during which time it is sparse, its doubts are lightened, its danger is pushed away, its weakness is supported, its decline is exploited, and its promises are violated.Sixth, there is a chance to get rid of it.And weak to attack ignorance, make chaos and humiliate the dead, use everything to the extreme, and have many plots and tricks.

(one thirty nine) "Three Kingdoms", Zhou Shu said, Liu Bei's heroic appearance, but about Zhang Xionghu's general.It must not be used for a long time. "Wei Zhi" Taizu called Liu Beiri, and the only heroes in the world are the envoy and caoer. "Character History", the one with the best grass is a hero, and the one with an outstanding beast is a hero. "Zhong Shuo" Li Mi asked about heroes, and the master said, "He who knows himself is a hero, and he who wins himself is a hero." "Character History" A hero becomes a hero, but not a hero; a hero becomes a hero, but not a hero.Therefore, a person who has both heroes in his body can serve heroes and heroes, so he can accomplish great things.The case of Wumenglou: only all-round talents can make use of partial talents.

A person who is outstandingly smart is called a hero, and someone who is courageous is called a hero.If he can be a hero, so is Zhang Liang; if he can be a hero, so is Han Xin. (140) "Dongpo Zhilin": The monk said that wine is prajna soup, fish is water gun flower, chicken is drilling hedge vegetables, people do unrighteous things and write it for a good name, what is the difference from this.The case of Wumenglou: There is a red-billed green parrot with spinach, which is also the skill and talent of the Middle Earth.Zhongtu pays special attention to the fact that the name is the nickname, and the way is nothing more than reputation, such as a lone husband and a treacherous minister.Together with the names, the so-called theory is settled.As everyone knows, names are the most deceiving.Being confused by names is also a manifestation of abstract thinking.