Chapter 26 Chapter 02 "Guilty", "Conscience Condemnation" and Others (9)

Still using the prehistoric period for comparison (of course, this prehistoric period is existing for any era, or may be reproduced), the existence of the commune is of course also for the important basic relationship of its members: that is, the creditor and his debtor. The relationship between.People live in a commune and enjoy the advantages of the commune (what an advantage that is! We tend to underestimate it today!).They are aided and protected, and live in peace and trust; they need not fear danger and hostility, as those "outside" the commune, the "restless," do,— The Germans understand what the original meaning of "suffering" 氇lend is—people just mortgage this harm and hostility to the commune, and let the commune take responsibility.What would happen if the situation was changed?To be sure, if the Commune had been a deceived creditor, it would have endeavored to compensate itself.The situation discussed here is that the perpetrator at least caused direct losses. Leaving aside the loss, the perpetrator is first of all a "criminal", a breach of the contract and a breach of oath against the whole. All the perks and ease of living.The criminal is a debtor, and not only does he not repay the favors and advances he has received, but he even goes out of his way to attack his creditors: for this reason, not only does he have to lose all those favors according to reason, but, what is more important, he is made to remember that they What is the price.The creditors who suffered the loss, the commune, angrily pushed the prisoner back to a barbaric state without legal protection.He had been protected hitherto, so this state made him vulnerable—all kinds of hostility could be directed at him.At this stage in the development of civilization, the manner of "punishment" merely reflects and imitates the normal attitude towards the hated, unprotected, and despised enemy.The criminal himself, deprived not only of all rights and sanctuaries, but of any chance of pardon, is at the mercy and cruelty of the laws of war and the celebration of victory—which explains why war in all its forms and its Rituals have historically presented punishment.