Chapter 17 Chapter 01 "Good and Evil", "Good and Bad" (17)

Is this the end?Are those great ideal confrontations permanently put on hold?Or is it just delayed, long delayed? . . . and is the old, smothered fire bound to rekindle into a far more terrible flame someday?And more than that, isn't that what someone desires with all his heart and all his heart?There were even demands and even efforts to bring about this day.If anyone at this moment is just starting to think and expand his mind like my readers, it is difficult for him to draw conclusions quickly, but I have enough reasons to draw conclusions, because I knew it very well a long time ago What do I want, what am I for with that dangerous slogan written on the title page of my last book: "Beyond Good and Evil", at least I didn't write "Beyond Good and Evil".

Notice: I would like to take advantage of the opportunity this paper affords me to express publicly and formally a desire which I have so far only occasionally mentioned to fellow If scholarships are needed to promote the study of moral history, then my present book may serve as a powerful impetus to this project.In view of this possibility, I would like to ask the following questions for reference.These questions are of great concern to linguists, historians, and scholars of philosophy as a profession: "What does the science of language, and the study of etymology in particular, tell us about the historical development of moral ideas?"—and it is evidently necessary, moreover, to enlist the help of physiologists and medical scientists the question of the value of value judgments so far).Here, and only in this case, professional philosophers should be entrusted to act as spokesmen and mediators, for they have succeeded in turning the otherwise very cold and suspicious relationship between philosophy, physiology, and medicine into a friendly and fruitful exchanges.In fact, all those precepts of conduct known to historical and ethnographic studies, all those "you shall..." clauses, require physical elucidation and explanation before psychological analysis, and all such questions are It must first be judged by medical knowledge.The crux of the matter is: what are the various precepts or "moral" values?It is impossible to decompose "value objectives" finely without looking at them from various angles.For example, something may be of obvious value for the long-term survival of an organism (for its ability to adapt to a particular climate, or for it to maintain the greatest number), but for the creation of a stronger species. biologically, it would not have the same value.The interests of the majority and the interests of the few are opposing values, and it is the naivety of the British physiologists to assume that the former is the higher value... All science is now preparing for the future mission of the philosopher, and This is the mission of philosophers: they have to solve the difficult problem of values, they have to determine the grades of values.