Chapter 3 Chapter 01 "Good and Evil", "Good and Bad" (3)

But second: the hypothesis of the origin of "good" value judgments is, in addition to being completely historically untenable, also psychoanalytically absurd.The utility of an unselfish act, said to be the source of its praise, is forgotten—how can it be?Perhaps the utility of this behavior was lost at some point?On the contrary, in fact this utility has been commonplace in all ages and has been constantly reemphasized; therefore, it has not disappeared from consciousness, it has not been forgotten, but it has necessarily come to it more and more distinctly. middle.This makes the theory of the opposition clearer (and the theory is not for that reason more correct—).For example, Herbert Spencer expressed this theory: he believes that the concept of "good" is connected with "beneficial" and "utility" in essence, so in the judgment of "good" and "bad", human beings It is their unforgotten and unforgotten experience of the beneficial - useful and harmful - not practical, that is summed up and affirmed.According to this theory, the "good" is that which has hitherto been shown to be beneficial: the good is thus conceived as the "highest order of valuable" utility, as "worthy in itself".As I said, this method of explanation is also wrong, but it is at least clear and reasonable in itself, and it is also tenable from a psychological point of view.