This is an article that I should not have written but finally decided to write.The reason why I should not write it is as a metaphor. There are only a few broken tables and rotten benches in the living room that have been with me for many years, and they are regarded as rare treasures, and passers-by are stopped and invited to come in to appreciate them. Some are arrogant.And I decided to write it, as the title of the article shows, because it has some relationship with "Reading" first, and then "Reading".I came from behind, and said that in the past one or two years, I don’t know why, some of my nonsensical articles have continuously occupied the precious space of "Duoshu".According to the wind of the time and the wind of the market, if the name printed in typeface is seen more than three times, people with discerning or blind eyes will pay great attention to it.Naturally, because there is always some nonsense in the text, or the Zen spirit of wild foxes, some serious people will not take it lightly.So, it is said, the question was asked: "What about this new one?"Why report?After much deliberation, why don't you simply clarify the origin and situation of the dubiousness; after looking at the family background, you don't need to ask any more questions, right?Most of this wealth comes from "reading", and a small part comes from "thinking". The materials, methods and motivation of thinking are also from reading, so it's okay to say that everything comes from reading.By saying this, I don't mean to shirk responsibility, because I read the book, I think about the thinking, and the braids are there, so I can't run away.Word cloud, the speaker is not guilty, so it is said, I hope it is the case in reality.The following is the main text, which revolves around reading and thinking, according to the old habits, and says what comes to mind.

one Let's start from the beginning.Whether it’s a pity or not, I was not fortunate enough to be born in a scholarly family, so I couldn’t write a book like Wang Yinzhi’s "Jingyi Shuwen"; I have never heard of it in my whole life and my father's life.The family is a peasant household between Beijing and Tianjin. Although they are not short of food and clothing, they don't even have the Four Books and Five Classics.When it was time for me to study Mongolian books, the Sanwei Bookstore-style private school had almost disappeared, so I had to follow the trend of the times and enter a new-style school established in the town.What I read is no longer three, one hundred, one thousand, but the textbook of the Republic.Chinese is a key subject, and the first chapter of the book is "people's hands and feet, swords and feet, mountains and rivers, and dogs, cattle and sheep", which is much more rigid than the next generation's "big dogs bark, small dogs jump".Times are different, and it is said that they are always getting better.I don't know whether it is really worth such optimism; but the difference is indeed good. The big difference is: Now we have repeatedly called and even ordered to reduce the burden on students, but we were suffering from nothing to do at that time.As a student, the proper way of leisure is to find some books to read. There is no library in the school, and neither does the town;But there was an advantage in the rural areas at that time, that is, the "novel writers" were quite popular. For example, if one family had "Ji Gong Biography", they could read it in exchange.Therefore, according to the biological principle, in order to live, the most adaptable or make do with it, I borrowed from the east and exchanged with the west, and read a lot of old novels.Thinking back now, except for the common and well-known ones, history, chivalry, gods and demons, public affairs, gifted scholars and beautiful women, all kinds, regardless of text, most of them are small lithographed books, and almost all of them have been read.Some, such as etc., find it particularly interesting, and don’t just read it once.

This kind of blind man reads blindly for several years, and now asks, what is the gain and loss?Disaster said, because "it is not as good as it is" is fantasy, impossible, no matter what.It’s only true (of course it’s seen with the eyes of a nerd), if the lesson is also counted, it can be combined into three types.One is to initially develop the habit of reading, and then develop it a little bit, and become not suffering from reading, and then develop to become suffering without books in front of you.The other is that I have learned some writing language, for example, I have some feelings to express, and it doesn't seem to be very laborious to use words or words.There is also a lesson.The ancients said that poetry is poor (mostly refers to not being able to flourish) and then work.I think it can be expanded and supplemented, and the book is also poor (mostly refers to the lack of wealth) and then you can read it.Specifically talking about my childhood, according to the tradition of ordinary farmers, clothes can only cover the body, and food can only fill the stomach.As for entertainment, I still remember clearly that there was no toy in the house. During the winter leisure time, when male urchins gathered together, they could only use broken tiles and broken branches for throwing and hitting games.It's very monotonous, but I have more energy, so I have to find a way to kill it, so I found the most suitable one, a book.Why is it most suitable?Because it can be used for mind wandering, and for a long time.In short, because of poverty, I read a lot.Now, it can also be regarded as one of the progresses. Not to mention kindergartens, even small families, if there are children, are full of toys. It is said that there are electric motors, singing and making noise.I'm old, my pace is slow, I can't keep up, and I always have unfounded worries. If I am rich and happy like this, will I still have the energy and interest to study? ——It is not good to go on, otherwise we will go against Han Wengong's way and write his "Welcoming the Poor Essay".

two There will always be seven or eight years, and if the elementary school is not good, I will squat again.Farmers, scholars, merchants, three roads, influenced by the elder brother who graduated from the normal school, followed the familiar road, and was admitted to the official Tongxian Normal School.The written rule is to graduate in six years; the unwritten rule is to go to the primary school that is willing to hire to be the king of children after graduation.I don't know why, at that time, just do good deeds and don't ask about the future.There are many courses, but it is not difficult to pass the exam, and you can grind your guns before the battle, so I often feel that there is nothing to do.The school has been traditional for many years, and two kinds of powers or freedom are delegated to students. One is to manage physical food, that is, to use the official meal fee of four yuan and five cents per person per month for food; the other is to manage spiritual food, that is, to use a fixed amount every month Book fees run the library.Specializes in the so-called library, with small rooms and few books, both of which are pitifully poor.But after all, it is much better than when I was in elementary school. One is turning nothing into something, and the other is that new books come in every month.It was the late 1920s, about ten years after the May Fourth Movement, when a large number of new literary works (including translations and a few new talents and beauties) came to the market. Location.Proximity comes first, so after purchasing, cataloguing, putting on shelves, borrowing, etc., I just browse.Due to curiosity and interest, over the past few years, most of the old and newly purchased items in this so-called library are new literary works, and a small part is to introduce new ideas. The middle ones are from Brother Zhou in Shaoxing to Zhang Ziping, Xu Zhen Asia, outside.Imperial Russia, Japan, England, France, Germany, and Spain (because of the production of Don Quixote), almost everything that can be found has been read.

compared with elementary school.This is from reviewing the past to reforming.What is there to gain?Looking back now, half a bottle of vinegar, sometimes I am happy behind closed doors, and I don’t know the heights of the sky and the earth.But after all, I opened my eyes and glanced at the new China and foreign countries. At that time, I was confident that I had seen something.Even if it is arrogance, for example, in general, searching the heart, it seems that doubts and prejudices have sprouted.This is manifested in many aspects, such as many traditionally believed to be true and upright, the high-sounding big words of the adults, and even my own wonderful reverie, which used to be praised with admiration, have become half-believed, or simply doubted.This is a category of suspicion, as well as a category of prejudice. As far as literary works are concerned, for example, in comparison, I always feel that the prose, so-and-so’s work is not very clever, because it is artificial and laborious; the novel, so-and-so’s, is far away. It is not as good as some translated masterpieces, because it is adapted to the needs of customers, or it is amused, or it is pressured, and it lacks content that touches the soul.This kind of cranky thinking, whether it is right or wrong, in a word, it all comes from reading.

three I graduated from a normal school in the early 1930s. There were two opportunities. One was blocked and the other was opened. The blocked was that no primary school was willing to hire me. Beijing University.I was admitted to the Faculty of Liberal Arts. According to the liberalism at the time, I could decide which department to enter.Maybe it has something to do with the miscellany in the past, so I chose the Department of Chinese Language and Literature in a daze.At that time, the wind of textual research was blowing very strongly, and even the names of many professors were related to this wind. For example, Qian Xuantong abolished his surname and changed it to Yigu; King Xia Yu is a worm; Hu Shizhi's Ph.D. was acquired by eating foreign food, but he also got into the pile of old papers, tested and tested, and said that the original job of Confucianism was to be a preacher; and so on.As a human being, it is very difficult to resist the wind, not to mention that I am still a young man with no hair on his mouth.So without reasoning, I thought that this textual research is a university question, and if you know it, you can get a high reputation, so you have to step up and catch up.To chase, one must have a capital, and this capital is like a gourd, and it is also a pile of old paper.At Peking University at that time, it was not difficult, because: first, there were not many classes that should be taken, and they could not be missed; second, the library had two advantages, more books and more liberalism.There is no need to explain many books, but we only talk about liberalism, which includes three items: one is to occupy a seat in the reading room, and you can not return or exchange it for a long time;So taking advantage of this freedom, my life became like this: after breakfast and lunch, apart from going up to the red building and going to the classroom to listen to a class for one or two hours, I often went to the back of the red building, the converted library of Songgong Mansion, and went to the reading room. take a seat.The seat was already occupied by him, and books were piled up like a small mountain on the wide table in front of him.More than ninety percent are classical, or study classical.Read first and read later, there is no plan, the lead is interest plus opportunity, of course, especially in the early days, you have to rely more on snobbery, such as seriousness, official history, important sub-books, important collections, you must read, it is guided by snobbery .Opportunities are infinite. For example, I heard a professor mention it, I met it in a bookstore, I read a book, Wang Er mentioned Zhang San, Zhang San mentioned Li Si, etc., just look for it.For example, if you like to read notes, you will see Yu Quyuan and Lin Qinnan from Tang and Song Dynasty; if you like calligraphy, you will see "Guangyi Zhou Shuangyi" from "Brush Array".The amount is too large, so I have to sort it out. Some, especially the big ones that I think can be skipped, such as "Taiping Yulan" and "Shuowen Jiezi Gulin", I just flip through them and return them.In this way, for four consecutive years, I tossed and tumbled in the library, from the "Thirteen Classics" and the like to the "Neon Clothes Continuation" and the like, and the leisurely "Palindrome Leiju" and "Couple Cong". Talk" and the like, are disorganized, generally speaking, in the sea of ​​classics, I dare not boast that I am roaming, and I always "looked at the ocean and sighed".

Also talk about gains and losses.As the saying goes, it is beneficial to open a book. If you read more, you will always know more. If you know something, you will get something.This is total.But there are also people who are worried that if they drill into the old paper pile, they may become more and more confused.Knowing and being confused, where is the difference, and where does it come from, are things that are rarely explained clearly in a big book.Let’s not ask for a deep understanding, but you can also worry about it from the other side. If you don’t drill, you may not be confused.Still less debate, and talk about my subjective gains.On the one hand, it is to accumulate some knowledge of old Chinese history, which, to put it lightly, is information, which can be used for future contingencies.The most important thing is to use this to understand some things. For example, it is often said that people's hearts are not reliable if they are not ancient. In ancient times, there were many bad people, especially those who were superior.On the other hand, I have learned some methods of reading, which can be divided into two steps: first, how to find books to read, the method is to gradually expand the scope; , including rough look and no look.These, I think, are indeed helpful to my later "abandon all my studies and learn".The loss also comes from miscellaneous reading, because I can't be specific, so that, as the people in the room commented after many years, everything is clear and everything is loose.Or as the "Hanshu? Yiwenzhi" said on miscellaneous scholars: "Miscellaneous scholars flow out of the ranks of officials. They are both Confucianism and Mohist, and they are named after the law. They know the state of the country and see that the rule of the king is consistent. This is their director." Those who are prodigal will be envious and have nothing to return to."

Four It was about the end of the four years in college, and suddenly there was a storm in my mind.It turned out that the foundation was weak, the foundation was not solid, and I couldn't resist it, so that I immediately swayed here and there. Specifically, I felt a strong sense of panic.It can also be said concretely and emphatically that it is an interrogation in the heart: if Shun got the second daughter of Yao, was it Xi Jianxuan's marriage to Xu with a candid belly or Zhuo Wenjun's elopement, or Cao Pi's robbing of Zhen's style? King Xia Yu, the first of the three generations, is the sage of water control and the founding king of the country, or a worm, etc., if it can be tested clearly, what is the use of distant water not quenching thirst?Those who tend to stand upright, born as human beings, live only once, what is going on.If it is meaningful, what is the meaning, how to live up to living up to this life, and other issues are personal, if you have energy and don’t study this first, wouldn’t you really be living up to this life?This is a sudden shift of attention from outside to inside.Why is there such a big change?I don't understand until now.But the power of this change is great, and it made me feel like I was in a fog for a moment when I thought I knew something.I hope to see the blue sky as soon as possible through the clouds and mists.The method is to be confident, old-fashioned, read books, read another kind of books.It was optimistic at first.This optimism comes from ignorance, thinking that aside from the "Commentary to the Thirteen Classics" and the like, find a few books about psychology and life, and you will suddenly understand.Of course, this optimism was soon dashed.Disillusionment has both shallow and deep meanings: the shallow one is, not to mention a few books, even "reading through ten thousand volumes" is not enough; the deep one is that some problems, at least in my opinion, borrow Kant's argument, are beyond the rational ability of people of.I will talk about these later, but here I just want to say that because I want to get rid of the clouds, after I left the university, it was like entering another school that does not count credits and does not issue certificates, and I have to learn from scratch.

In this other school, there are no classrooms, no teachers, no opening and closing time, and what's worse, I don't know what courses to study.At first, we could only use the so-called "blind groping" method in our hometown (known as ignorant and wandering people), relying on speculation, finding, touching, borrowing, reading and trying, and gradually, using the methods of "from here to there, from here to there" from our hometown. As a result, as far as the phenomenon is concerned, you will really fall into the sea of ​​books or new knowledge.This is too long to say, so I have to simplify it, and use the chronological order to summarize it.First of all, rely more on experience. For example, after reading economics books, I soon discovered that it only talked about how to be rich, but not why it should be rich.Another situation is that all rivers return to the sea, and finally find the leader of the wronged person and the owner of the debtor.This Baichuan, roughly speaking, is about people and various scientific knowledge related to understanding people.People, or people's minds, are also said in Chinese tradition. The disadvantage is that there are many elements of fantasy.So for a while I became a school of "the moon is also round in a foreign country", and almost all of them read the writings of real foreign devils.From near to far, it is first psychology, normality, abnormality, crime, and gender, and thus Ellis, who especially appreciates the Freudian school, because it digs deep into animal nature.Extrapolate, read anthropology works, hoping to see quality in quantity; extrapolate, read biology works, because I think that after listening to the cat meowing spring, I can better understand the difficulty of meditation.Until then, read astronomy works, because they talk about the environment of life. If Sir Eddington's expansion of the universe is right, life will become even smaller, and the meaning will be even more difficult to say.When it comes to the environment, it involves the nature of everything (more science), the truth and falsehood of knowledge, and right or wrong (more philosophy), so you have to read scientific works that are biased towards theory.And all of these, as far as I am concerned, are all to answer a question, what is life like, so all the rivers are returned to the sea, and the sea is the "philosophy of life".This kind of knowledge is indeed worthy of being called the sea. In the West, it starts from Socrates, in the East, it starts from Confucius, and various religions are added, and the writings are vast.I had to find the important ones and gnaw them one by one.For things written by foreign devils, use the Chinese translation as much as possible; if there is no Chinese translation, if it is written in English, find the original version; if it is not written in English, find the English translation.Compared with works on science, these works on philosophy of life are the mainstay, so the number of types of reading and the time spent occupy the first place.There is another situation, which is to expand after gathering, which can also be discussed.That’s because the various departments of philosophy are related by flesh and blood. If you study in one department, it’s like hosting a banquet for Mrs. X, her beloved Mr. X, and even cousins ​​from departments such as aunts.It is inevitable to follow.Philosophy of life has many affiliations. For example, if you always ask whether there is any ultimate meaning, you must touch the theory of cosmology;And as soon as you approach knowledge, you will inevitably slip into logic; and so on.In short, I found a book to read, and it seemed that the more I read, the more questions I had, and I couldn't answer it myself, so I had to find another book and ask for advice.In this way, reading, reading, the old questions go, new ones come, small ones go, big ones come, until the time, space and its original principle on which human beings exist also become questions, so I ask love Einstein, until he knew that he didn't fully understand, he could only hold the book and sigh.To sum up, in the first stage, I did read a lot of books, what did I get?It's hard to say.

Fives Strictly speaking, it should not be called "get", because the situation is complicated, so complicated that you ask yourself, and you can't settle your own accounts.Yuyun, if you read clearly, do you fall into the ignorance of Buddhism instead? Not necessarily so.Seeking truth from facts, it is small problems that have been reduced and big problems that have become apparent.It is obvious that self-confidence cannot be solved, so the result is different from that of Lu Duanzhi in the Song Dynasty.Specifically, this is pitiful.Pity comes from fragmentary gratification, let's talk about gratification first.It's not easy to enumerate, but only a little bit of impressive and influential ones are counted as examples.One, let's call it "method", is to "analyze" without prejudice and calmly.When sisters-in-law fight, the mother and mother-in-law must say that the sister-in-law is straight and the sister-in-law is straight.Obviously, in academic research, to determine right from wrong, and to distinguish superiors from inferiors, one should use the analytical method, and in fact many people are also using the analytical method.Let me say that I respect this method and want to use it hard. I mainly learned it from the works of Professor Xue Zhiwei (who taught at the University of London at the end of the 19th century).He has written many books, but only one of the most famous is "The Method of Ethics".The brilliance of the book is to save effort by quoting the opinion of his alumnus Mr. Burrowd (not the original text): He always analyzes a certain problem, just from this angle, so and so, from that angle, how to After all, it seems that the author has no idea, but when you think about it carefully, what human intelligence can distinguish is nothing more than these, and the profoundness of thought is contained in this meaningless meaning.This can be said to know a teacher better than a disciple.I have read this book twice, and I am confident that I have gained something. The biggest thing is: it is difficult to know the truth, and most of what I believe and what I claim to be believed cannot withstand analysis; therefore For what has not been analyzed, Shangde is "not knowing is not knowing".The other kind, let's call it "spirituality", is called "doubt" without any sign of disbelief.As far as I know, in this respect, too, imports have the upper hand.There was a school of skepticism in ancient Greece. Although Zhuangzi once "didn't know that Zhou's dream was a butterfly" and "a butterfly's dream was Zhou", his intention was to break common sense, so it did not become a school.After growing up, French Descartes also started with doubts and established his own philosophical system.These can be ignored, but I am more interested in Russell, who is familiar to many people. He advocates doubts and wrote a book called "Skeptical Essays".The main idea is to doubt first, and then to gain true knowledge.He gave an interesting example. British textbooks say that defeating Napoleon is the power of the British, while German textbooks say it is the power of the Germans. He advocates that students read the two in contrast. Some people worry that students will be at a loss. If students do not believe, education will be successful.His skepticism was even greater, following Hume's, on the reliability of induction.For example, if "there must be a tomorrow" is regarded as credible knowledge, this belief comes from the induction method, because it has been repeated again and again, it is presumed that there must be three and four.Why again and again, again and again, and then there must be three and four?Because we believe that nature is uniform (regular, there will be no irregular changes).How do we know that nature is one?By induction.In this way, the uniformity of nature guarantees the inductive method, and the inductive method protects the uniformity of nature, and even environmental protection is not absolutely reliable.Just cite this little bit, analysis and suspicion, so that I gain and lose.It has to be about knowledge, and it can only be done lightly.Let me talk about a big one first. For example, I know that we are almost ignorant of the background of the living environment. To give the most prominent example, our universe uses Kant's concept of time (different from Einstein's) , Ask if there is any tomorrow, of course only God knows.If so, planning or hard work is nothing but self-indulgence.Let me talk about a small one, for example, if a lover finally becomes a family member, I know for sure that the decisive force is the combination of internal conditions (appearance, ability, etc.) and external conditions (status, wealth, etc.), plus opportunities, not the old man under the moon in the West Lake. Kowtow in the temple is like pounding garlic.In short, the ability to distinguish between true and false, right and wrong, is strong, big and small are unreliable, although it may not be said, but it can be laughed at.lost it?The big mistakes or big pitiful ones are left for the next section. Here we only talk about small mistakes, because the mind and body are often not in the right place. This includes listening to propaganda and watching advertisements without being very fanatical.In the floating world, in order to compete for the top, or at least to live, you probably have to be fanatical or pretend to be fanatic, right?Whenever this happens, analytical methods and skeptical spirits come to make trouble, so that you look forward and backward, stretched, and cannot extricate yourself from the pain.

six The following is positive and pitiful, including two categories: one is that the big problem cannot be answered, so that it is difficult to settle down, this section talks; the other is a last resort to take a step back, obeying the sky and others, and self-deceivingly seeking blessings, the next Festival talk.I remember British Bacon said (?): "Great philosophy begins with doubt and ends with faith." I don't know if he did it or not.From my experience, if you want to do it, you have to step on two boats, and you will fail if you are consistent.These two ships, for example, one is a meditation room or laboratory, and the other is a church. Although the room is surrounded by quasars and elementary particles, you can see God in the church; Fame and wealth in the world, but it is God who comes to settle down.I am pitiful because I can't stand on two boats, but I am used to starting with doubts and continuing with them.For example, liking to get to the bottom of things is a manifestation of this bad habit.Let me ask, can someone who is as tall as the sky and the emperor is far away, such as a certain beautiful woman in history, really be able to do palm dance?So-and-so's commitment to the sky, is it really to save the people from the fire?Far will become near, and it is not appropriate to ask questions about people, and only talk about reason.There are popular theories, or truths, in every era. Most of the new brands are not allowed to ask, but the promotion of the old brands makes it impossible for many people to ask.If you stick to it out of doubt, you will inevitably ask (in your heart): What is the most correct and best thing you believe, and why?Why can it be divided into different levels, still taking the philosophy of life as an example, it is better to treat people favorably than to punish people, why?The answer is, because pleasure is better than pain.Ordinary people don’t ask so far, but Professor Xue Zhiwei and his like will still ask, why?For example, the answer is that happiness is more beneficial to life than pain. People who are accustomed to asking the truth will ask, why is it good for life?Even more simply, ask, why is life better than death?Obviously, this koan can only end in "don't know".Regrettably, I also sincerely admit that it is better to believe than not to believe, because you can live and work in peace.The words are far away, so I quickly take them back and talk about what is going on in life.It is indeed very pitiful. To borrow Zen Hezi's words to describe it, he has worked hard on the futon for many years. When he opened his eyes, it turned out that the eyes were still under the eyebrows.To put it bluntly, as to whether life has meaning or purpose, my understanding is that if you have more courage, you can answer that there is no;This timid answer comes from cosmology, because where did the universe come from, what will it end up with, and all kinds of strange things in it, ranging from the rotation of a nebula to the humming of a mosquito, why, why is it necessary or valuable, None of us can tell.Not good, this expands into a chat, and it will be difficult to stop.Then go down and talk about people.Life appears in the heaven and earth, and life has a strong demand for expansion, so we fall in love, get married with a few big things, have small ones, grow up, and give birth to small ones, what do we do?Calm down and seek truth from facts, I can only say that I don't know.The old Confucius said "fear the destiny", fear but can't resist, and don't know why, so it becomes pitiful.This is pitiful, and if I say a word of complaint, it also comes from reading. seven Big questions cannot be answered, or the first principles cannot be established, which is the confusion of knowledge.But confusion is also an aspect of life, and the harder reality is that we are still alive.What is the good of long days of frowning?Rather, the fact is that everyone is doing this, let’s eat roast duck, regardless of the significance of raising it.This is a step back, no matter what in the sky, and go back to the world to make plans, such as living in a building is more comfortable than living in a cave, so find a way to move into the building, regardless of whether there is any rationale between comfort and discomfort.This attitude towards life is what is said at the beginning of "The Doctrine of the Mean": "Heaven's destiny is called nature, straightforwardness is called Tao, and cultivation of Tao is called teaching." The explanation in modern language is: people have to eat and drink men and women after birth. To become sexual, we can only accept it, follow it, and follow it is right; but everyone will inevitably have conflicts, for example, if there are too many monks, there will be competition, so it must be regulated by virtue, etiquette, and law.Almost everyone raised their hands in favor of this attitude towards life, taking it for granted.I also agree, but I am tired of reading. I don't take it for granted, but I think it is inevitable, so I have to muddle along.Or to put it more crowningly, since the belief of the first righteousness cannot be established, then grasp the second righteousness, whether it is considered to be self-consolation, or even self-deception.Just like the little Mr. Maitreya who wrote "Logical System", after a long period of depression, he finally accepted Benthamism (the main purpose of which is that goodness is the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people).Of course, this has to be counted as belief, but there is a pitiful element in it, because it does not come from the theoretical should, but from the practical necessity.To put it in a discouraged way, we are born as human beings, and if we want to live, and hope to live a more satisfying life, we have to temporarily believe that we should distinguish right from wrong and make choices.Take it, there will be no pies in the sky, so we have to do our best to find a way.Bentham's ideal, we have had it for a long time, it is Mencius's principle of common pleasure.Confucius and Mencius were idealists, and all idealism inevitably tinged with optimism. They believed that as long as those who are superior are wise and willing to show kindness, the world will immediately become a prosperous world.The fact is that those above have no kindness, or no kindness at all, so the human world can never flourish.Compared with Confucius and Mencius who looked more at the sky, Xunzi looked more at the earth, so he saw the evil nature and its original "desire".Two thousand years later, Freud in the West not only saw desire, but also analyzed it and said that desire can be condensed into a "knot".Find a way to do this, so as not to deviate from Benthamism or crowd-pleasureism.His thoughts are written in a small book called "The Future of an Illusion". The main idea is: because people are born with wildness, they should be rescued with "literature".This article, my experience, includes customs, morality, law, organization, system and so on.How should it be?It's hard to say, and it's hard to say, so I have no choice but to say nothing. Eight "Forty without confusion" will soon be ushered in.The self-sufficient side of Buhuo is "my way is consistent"; the influential side is standing still, watching others go far, and it is inevitable to feel lonely.Old habits die hard, still read.The nature has changed. In the past, there was a center of gravity and a slight plan, but now it has changed to the Ruan infantry's riding style. Wherever you go, you count what you go, and what you encounter is what you encounter.The number is less than before, because it is rare to take the initiative.get it?In terms of heaven, I am still the same; in terms of people, I also rely on experience, and I seem to know more.The ancients said, "It is inauspicious for those who see deep fish", so it's okay to pretend not to know.Fast forward to another forty years, maybe we should settle the ledger?If you dare not use the algorithm of "Old Testament Genesis", you will regret eating the fruit of wisdom and cry bitterly.But the facts cannot be changed. Reading a lot of miscellaneous things is the facts. It is useless to blame it. It is better not to regret it.It might as well look at it from the other side.Tourism is popular now, and reading is also tourism, of another nature, with a wider area and more worth seeing.The disadvantage is that some places, such as the sky, at least I am, can't see clearly.But it’s not unreasonable to quote the words of Confucius to ridicule it, that is: “If you don’t know, you don’t know, it’s knowing.” When I write this, I think whoever pays attention to reality may say that all these are just words.I admit this, but even if it is just words, since it can be called Prajna, it may attract Paramita; even if it cannot be attracted, it is better than ignorance and self-confidence, right?In this way, for "I and reading", as a lifelong event, my attitude is obviously still "the family has a broom, enjoy the riches".Is the behavior of silverfish a wrong path in life?There are many differences in the avenue, so let it go. Zhang Zhongxing March 12, 1990