Chapter 4 founder of idealism

Why did the Mayan civilization disappear mysteriously? Scientists have found that the land where the Mayans lived was not fertile and the water and grass were not rich. It was impossible to grow crops or graze here.The only thing suitable for growing is all kinds of fruits.But in the history of mankind, no nation has ever created a brilliant world civilization just by eating fruits. Moreover, the Mayan civilization was highly developed, but they had no agricultural tools and no transportation roads extending in all directions. It seemed that they were completely incompatible with the way of life of humans on earth today.Some have speculated that the food the Maya ate all came from another planet, or that they were able to produce food that was completely different from today's diet.But none of these claims have been scientifically proven.

After in-depth research on Mayan civilization, scholars have divided its history into three recognized periods: the pre-classical period from 1500 BC to 317 AD, and the classical period from 317 AD to 889 AD. , from 889 AD to 1697 is the postclassical period.Therefore, some people call it early stage, middle stage and late stage. During the pre-classical period, the Maya mainly lived on the Pacific coast and highlands of Guatemala.Pictographs were produced in the 1st to 2nd centuries AD, so the Mayans in this period knew how to use words to record their history and culture.There are many large steles in the cities they built, most of which are carved with the images of the rulers and the words describing the achievements of the rulers.

The Mayans in this period had achieved high artistic achievements in three aspects: architecture, sculpture and painting.The murals of Bonampak created by them are a world-renowned art treasure house, and the pyramids with Mayan characteristics were also born in this period, as well as the city acropolis built with large stones, which show their superb architectural art. After hundreds of years of transition from the classical period, when the time developed to the 9th century AD, the Mayan civilization suddenly declined.Since then, the center of Mayan civilization has also shifted from Guatemala to the Yucatan Peninsula in the United Mexican States.The period of preclassical civilization has since come to an end.

After the Mayan civilization entered the post-classical civilization period, it developed three major civilization centers: Chichen Itza, Uxmal and Mayapan. In the 10th century AD, the Chichen Itza civilization was invaded by powerful alien races.But this time the invasion was more like a national fusion. The combination of civilizations between the two different nations revived the already declining Mayan civilization, and the history of the Maya officially entered the second period of rapid development. During this period, the Mayans left more temples and pyramids for future generations.Moreover, the world-famous Mayan astronomy and calendar also achieved considerable development during this period.

In the Mayan religious system, they enshrined the sun god, the rain god, the grain god, the death god, the war god, the wind god, the corn god, etc. Among them, the sun god was revered by the Mayans as the incarnation of God.In addition, the Mayans also believed that the souls of their ancestors were immortal.Therefore, in this nation, religion holds all the power, and the capital of Maya is the center of religion. The Mayans were not all equal in social class, they also had priests and rules, and the king's throne was also hereditary.The lower class of ordinary laborers and craftsmen of various industries are the basic members to maintain social order, and the lower class is the slave class composed of prisoners of war or criminals, who can be freely bought and sold in the market.There is a great deal of similarity in this recorded slave society.

As for the Mayan script used to record the history of the Maya, the first stone tablet with evidence to record the date is marked in 292 AD.At this time, Mayan writing was only spread in a small area, and it was not until the middle of the 5th century AD that writing really began to spread.At that time, the commercial transaction routes in the Mayan civilization had been fixed, and the writing gradually spread along with the exchange of items.But so far, only a quarter of the Maya's 800 hieroglyphs have been deciphered by linguists.Wanting to use this to understand the Mayan civilization is still like finding a needle in a haystack.

The characters that have been deciphered are mainly the names of days and months, as well as numbers, directions, colors and names of gods.Although Mayan is still spoken by 2 million people in the world today, the script they use now is written more like Egyptian or ancient Chinese hieroglyphs. Efforts to interpret all Mayan prophecies through Mayan texts do not seem to have made substantial progress. Until 1963, the Soviet linguist Rui Kloluf successfully classified the Mayan inscriptions with statistical knowledge. After that, with the joint efforts of several scholars and computer scholars, they finally fully interpreted an article about There are 100,000-word articles.Most of the records in the text are religious ceremonies, meteorological phenomena and crops.

It can be deduced from this that the Maya's belief in and dependence on religion is beyond the reach of any stage in human history.The Mayans were also the founders of idealism.