Chapter 43 always say

The golden widow was humiliated for her greed for profit and power It has been two hundred years since Cao Xueqin died this year.His book appeared like a comet in the Chinese literary world, and it is not in vain to say that it is unprecedented.Compared with Qu Fu, Taishi Gongshu, and Du Fu's poems, the remaining eighty chapters of the book are not ashamed.In the past two hundred years, there have been manuscripts, typed editions, engraved editions, and new printed editions, which have been handed down by tens of thousands of people for a long time.However, from another point of view, its experience is also very unfortunate: it has not been completed, one is; at that time, it was discriminated against because of "obstructive language" [16], two is; false comments, three are; continued, fourth; continued And continued, five; repeatedly banned and renamed [17], six.In addition, there is another feature, that is, there is no "learning" in other novels, such as "Water Margin" and "Three Kingdoms" are also popular, but I have never heard of "Water Margin" and "Three Kingdoms". There is a so-called "red study".This is a joke, which contains irony, but it is also a fact in society; it is said in "University" and "Doctrine of the Mean", it is said in "Book of Changes", it is said in comparison, it is said in the politics or court of Qing Dynasty In short, Cao Xueqin's self-narrative life story... This is very impressive, but the truth of it is also rather dark.Is it luck or misfortune?It has always been underappreciated and properly criticized in the past.Since liberation, under the guidance of the party's policy of "let a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend", all kinds of literature and art have flourished, and research on literature and art has also begun to embark on the right path.The description of the characters in my article is old-fashioned, superficial, and incomplete. How inappropriate for such a great book.If it can be a little better than what I wrote before wandering between Suoyin's textual research and research, then I will be very happy.

The twelve beauties mentioned in this article actually refer to less than twelve women in one sense (such as the "Zheng Twelve Beauties" listed in the fifth booklet and Qu Wen), and more than ten in another sense. Two people (such as Zhiping's so-called "love list", there are sixty people in total, including the principal, deputy, second deputy, third deputy, and fourth deputy).Here we only focus on the ones that are familiar to everyone and are more prominent in this book. Let us give a few examples. The "twelve beauties" are only part of the characters in the book, and what is discussed in this article is part of the "twelve beauties", so it is difficult to generalize.There is still a little difficulty. The last forty chapters are continued by later generations. He has different views on the characters in the book, resulting in inconsistencies, which have widely caused misunderstandings by readers.That is to say, take the eyebrows of the "twelve beauties", Chai and Dai, as an example: if Baochai married Baoyu under the name of Daiyu, it seems that it is inappropriate from the various descriptions of her in the eighty chapters.She just said "beginning to bow her head and say nothing, and then she shed tears" (Chapter 97) by default, which is not like Baochai's behavior before.For example, when Daiyu was about to die, she said: "Baoyu, Baoyu, hello!" (Chapter 98), I am afraid it has been rumored for a long time.Qingwen didn't say that when she was dying[18], so is Daiyu willing to say that?The discussion in this article can only be limited to the 80 chapters of Cao's original works, but it also brings some inevitable shortcomings.Because the book is not finished, their ending is not entirely known, except for some fragments in Zhiyanzhai's commentary, others can't help but be subjectively speculated.Even so, I think it is better than talking about it for the last forty consecutive years, creating a confusing impression of the characters in the book.

To understand how Cao Xueqin described the "Twelve Beauties", we must first put forward the author's views on these women, that is, use his own words to explain.There are the following aspects: One, they are all talented and knowledgeable.General order of the first round: Today, the world is busy and nothing can be done. I suddenly think of all the women of that day, and carefully examine and compare them one by one. I feel that their behavior and knowledge are all superior to mine. ... However, there are people in the boudoir who have experienced themselves, so they must not protect themselves because of my dishonesty, and make them disappear at the same time. (School-based one page) [19]

He has the meaning of "heir".If you want to pass it on to someone, there must be someone who can pass it on; if it is not worth passing on, what will you do to pass it on to her?Even if there is praise or criticism, there must be someone worthy of praise or criticism; if she is not worthy of praise or criticism, what do you praise and criticize her for?The two paragraphs quoted above are not a list as usual, but are actually related to the purpose of the whole book.It is a pity that the continuators of the book did not seem to have recognized this "first chapter of Kaizong Mingyi".

Second, they are unfortunate.The fifth chapter talks about Baoyu's sleepwalking in the illusory realm: There are only a few writings: the Department of Infatuation, the Department of Enmity, the Department of Chaoyi, the Department of Night Resentment, the Department of Chungan, and the Department of Autumn Sadness... Baoyu was overjoyed. Looking up at the plaque of this department, it was "Department of Poor Life" three words.The couplets on both sides read: "Spring hates autumn sorrows all on their own, who is beautiful." Baoyu sighed when he saw it. (49 pages) "Bo Ming Si" has included all twelve beauties (in a broad sense).Moreover, looking at the above, the other divisions, such as infatuation and resentment, morning cry and night resentment, spring feeling and autumn sorrow, etc., although they have different names, are actually nothing more than "unfortunate life". I have already looked at various departments, which is equivalent to saying that all talented and knowledgeable women are unfortunate in feudal society.This point of view is very clear in this book, but the sequels often fail to grasp it.

3. They are "the bell of the air", they will have some resistance, and they also have shortcomings.The second time I borrowed Jia Yucun's tone and said: The rest of the delicate beauty has nowhere to go, so it is nectar, a gentle breeze, and it is in harmony with the world.The cruel and eccentric evil spirit cannot overflow in the broad daylight, so it condenses and fills the deep ditch. Occasionally, due to the wind, or being pushed by the cloud, it will feel slightly shaken and escaped. , Occasionally, the spirit of beauty is suitable, and the right is not allowed to be evil, and the evil is jealous of the right, and the two are not equal, just like Fengshui, thunder and lightning, when they meet in the earth, they can neither disappear nor let them go.Therefore, its qi must also be given to people, and it will dissipate as soon as it is exhausted.If a man and a woman are born with this spirit, they will not be able to be benevolent and gentlemen at the top, nor will they be vicious and evil at the bottom.Among tens of thousands of people, his smart, handsome and smart spirit is above tens of thousands of people; his eccentric, evil, absurd and inhuman attitude is below tens of millions of people.If you are born in a rich and noble family, you will be an infatuated person; if you are born in a poor family with poetry and books, you will be a scholar; To control, you must be a famous prostitute.Like Xu You, Tao Qian of the previous generation... Zhuo Wenjun, Hong Fu, Xue Tao, Cui Ying, Chao Yun and the like: if they all change places, they are the same people. (19-20 pages)

This passage is clearly flawed.But one thing to note is that these people are not "driven by mediocrity", most of them are oppressed by the feudal system, and some are not bound by the moral concepts of feudal rule.Moreover, although the above said that it is between good and evil, in fact, I am afraid that there are more aspects that are biased towards evil, as you can see from the quotations.Their rebelliousness probably comes from here. The so-called "that cruel and perverted evil spirit cannot overflow in broad daylight, so it condenses and fills deep gullies and ravines. Occasionally, it is slightly shaken by wind or by clouds." The meaning of movement is expressed, and a trace escapes by mistake." Here, the resistance to feudal rule is very sharp, as if it has gone away from a demon by mistake.It is precisely because of this that they not only have shortcomings, but also many, that is to say: "their eccentric, perverted and inhumane attitude is under the tens of thousands of people".The description of the twelve beauties does not have to be exactly like that, but there are similarities everywhere.

Four, they are better than men.This is expressed by the opinions and behaviors of Baoyu, a person in the book.For example, in his famous strange remark, in the second chapter: "He said that daughters are made of water, and men are made of mud." The two precious titles of Amitabha Buddha and Yuanshi Tianzun are even more honorable." In the past, men were preferred to women, but he wanted to say that women were preferred to men. In the 18th century, some people in the feudal ruling class said In this case, it is indeed a shocking pen. Why does he value women? As mentioned in the quotation, "the most noble and pure".Because they are pure, they are noble.Baoyu does not think that any woman is noble and pure.Seventy-seventh round:

The woman guarding the garden gate couldn't help laughing when she heard this, because she asked, "In this way, all the daughters are good, and all the women are bad." Baoyu nodded and said, "Yes, yes." The women laughed and said: "There is another sentence, we are confused, so I would like to ask." (873 pages) The mother-in-law interrupted her sentence before she finished her sentence, so she might as well complete it with the sentence "Excuse me", she probably wanted to say that since the daughter is so good, the woman is so bad, but the woman (woman) is not the same as before. daughter?Baoyu didn't know how to answer.The problem is here.The preciousness of a daughter has its own merits. If she is a fool, she will be more deadly than a man.Chapter thirty-six Baoyu said:

A good pure and white daughter, she also learned how to gain fame and become a national thief and ghost.This is always the predecessors making troubles for no reason, and making up their own words, which was originally a filthy thing to guide future generations.I don't want me to be unlucky, and Qiong's boudoir embroidery pavilion is also affected by this trend. (three pages) It turns out that the reason why the "Qiong Guixiu Pavilion" is clean and precious is because they are always farther away from the "national thieves and ghosts" than men; if they are also caught in this decadent trend, then they will truly be a failure of the virtues of heaven and earth.

Fifth, they do not distinguish good from evil based on their status.Not only is it opposed to the superiority of men and the inferiority of women, but the same women do not distinguish beauty from evil based on their class status.For example, wives don't have to be taller than grandmothers. For example, Sister Feng is a famous villain, but who can say that her mother-in-law, Mrs. Xing, is better than her?And who likes Mrs. Xing more than Sister Feng?Ladies don't have to be taller than girls, Ruping'er is by no means inferior to Sister Feng, and cuter; Ruxiuju is no worse than Yingchun.That is to say, the same girl, but there are also talents among the second and third class maids, such as Hongyu, Zhiping said that she will be of great help to Baoyu[20].To put it bluntly, in this book, I also oppose the concept of superiority and inferiority in the women's world, and there are so many good articles about those girls, which is probably not accidental.This article discusses "Twelve Hairpins", which is not complete in the main volume, but it is pulled into the supplementary volume and the supplementary volume, which is based on these facts.If we talk about it, we can ignore Li Wan, Qiaojie, etc., but we must not let go of Xiren and Qingwen. This article talks about her two very long, and this is the reason. After grasping the above five points, we can always have some understanding of why Twelve Hairpins wrote like this and why they didn't write like that.