Chapter 17 The fourth floor "Red Mansion" Lingxiu (1)

Researchers and critics often compare Cao Xueqin with Shakespeare, the British "drama saint".In this way, Xueqin can be called "Barnyard Saint" (the aliases "Barnyard Official" and "Barnyard History").But Shakespeare wrote thirty-seven or eight plays in his life, and his many characters are scattered in nearly 40 places; while our great writer Cao Xueqin's hundreds of people, men, women, old and young, high and low, etc., are concentrated in one place. In the whole book, and "concentrate" and "gather" organically, rather than being irrelevant to each other.This is the only precedent in all the history of literature, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, and it is unparalleled!So many people, big and small, live in one place, life and death are closely related, it is a big whole, instead of going on the stage one by one, after the play is over, there is no other business, retreating behind the scenes, and changing to another "appearance". .This is a miracle, a masterpiece.

The poem says: All the books are written for the hearts of daughters, and there are also senior women who can admire them. The turbid things must also be mentioned in one word, and there is no violation of the general purpose. Merry Man in Yingcai As soon as the big topic of Chinese culture is mentioned, it is like peeling off the thousands of threads of a spring silkworm, and it is like sending a sound book with a thousand words that cannot be described.In this article, I just want to focus on one end, which is rude and contemptuous, and I will start with Dongpo's masterpieces. What is the first sentence of Dongpo's poem?He said: "The great river goes east, the waves wash away, the eternal romantic man!" It can be seen that what Dongpo cares about and pursues in his heart is none other than the romantic man who has been praised in China since ancient times.Who deserves such a four-character title?Dongpo wrote it clearly, that is Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms, whoever I am in China does not know, Gong Jin Yingnian general Lue, Gu Qu famous master, really romantic and talented.This kind of talent, this kind of romantic figure, seems to have never been heard of before (at least not shown), such as the pre-Qin philosophers, celebrities in the Han Dynasty, great wisdom and Confucianism, high integrity, all have another style.At the time of the Three Kingdoms, Zhou Lang established the first ritual.Dongpo is Xu with the word "Merry".However, there is still a regret, that is, Zhou Lang never left Han Zao Wenci. Everyone knows that he is a senior general and artist, but they cannot recognize him as a literary writer.It's really romantic.Let's look at what kind of characters appeared in the same period?

Among the Three Kingdoms, Eastern Wu and Western Shu are rich in talents, each with its own merits, but the same color is the capital of emperors and generals, but it is rare to see the quality of poets.Only Wei, which is located in Henan, produced characters who are completely different from emperors and generals—that is, what I call "poet love" type characters.Wei Wu Cao concealed, great talent and rough plan, let alone, among the famous three Cao fathers and sons, Cao Zhizi Jiante is the best.From my perspective on human history, I secretly think that since Cao Zijian was born, our cultural history has actually opened a new chapter.This is really a milestone, a watch of an era.I am afraid that the big book is not enough to show his status, value, significance, and influence!

So, is there a new word to express this new type of romantic person?Absolutely.There are four words that Li Xueqin has also used, the most appropriate and the most brilliant... Which four words? ——Which four words? Just open it, turn to the eighteenth chapter, and see when the sisters wrote about the new garden inscribed by the concubine Yuan, what was the plaque inscribed by Li Wan?She said: Literary and romantic That’s not enough, her poem goes on: Xiushui Mingshan embraces back, and the romantic and literary talents are better than Penglai! I said that all scholars should know that the four characters of "romantic literary talent" are the inscriptions and portrayals of Cao Zijian, the type of literary and musical superstars, and it is the most dazzling and dazzling context and context in the history of Chinese culture. brilliant.

On the eve of Guiwei New Year's Eve in the twenty-eighth year of Qianlong (February 1, 1764 AD), Xueqin died of illness, and her friend Duncheng wrote a poem to lament her grief. The sentence goes: There are still ice and snow texts in the suitcases, and old friends are scattered like clouds. Three years later, I once took pity on me. I was sick and had no doctor, but I failed you. Talented people under Ye should have hatred, and the remnant flute in Shanyang is unbearable. When he was thin, Ma Xizhou Road, the decayed grass and cold smoke faced the falling. Who does the fifth sentence "Ye Xia Cairen" refer to?It is Cao Zijian who compares Xueqin.

In the history of Chinese culture, we pay special attention to the word "talent" in our papers on people. This is a huge topic that cultural and academic circles should pay attention to.This point has been the same since ancient times and has never been disputed.Because from the great genius poet in the Southern Dynasties, he was allowed to monopolize the reputation of "Badoucai".Li Yishan, our first-rate and stunningly talented poet, said that "Concubine Mi stays on Wei Wang's talent", which is also the only word "talent" to comment on Yu Zijian.Since then, "Pan An has the same appearance, Zijian has the same talent" has become the "standard language" in novels and plays.As long as you don't look at it from the perspective of "clichés", you will understand the important meaning of it.Cao Zijian was built in Yedu (now Linzhang, Hebei), and gathered with poets in Xiyuan. At that time, there were Ying Yu, Xu Gan, Liu Zhen, Ruan Yu, Wang Can, etc., who were known as the seven sons of Yezhong—that is, Dun Cheng Said the meaning of "Yexia talented people".This is actually the first of its kind for later Yinmeng Poetry Clubs.Zijian wrote "Luo Shen Fu" and Ying Ji wrote "Zhengqing Fu". They changed the "classic" style of the Han Dynasty into a short lyrical poem. development path.Although it is said that the history of Chinese poetry begins with "Chu Ci", it is actually different from the romantic literary talent.It can be said that Cao Zijian and other "West Garden Talents" are the source and main line of Chinese poetry history.This vein has been running for thousands of years without interruption, and the huge relationship can be seen!

Dun Cheng held Xueqin in his arms and used the term "talented people from Yexia". Although he used the same surname and the same clan as a comparison, he inadvertently pointed out this thread in our cultural history: Genius literary figures of the genre are taking Zijian as the pioneer, and Xueqin as the culmination, as the peak, and as the standard point! There are many meanings and connotations, but the cultural characteristics of its literary grace are very few people who know it.Talking about the culture of the Chinese nation without understanding this important feature and its context and origin will inevitably make people want to enter the treasure mountain—at least it is a sigh of returning the pearl.

In the history of our culture, essays on people and things all talk about talent, learning, knowledge, and virtue.There are similarities and differences between talent and material, and they can be combined and divided, so they cannot be completely substituted (to give an interesting example: "poetic talent" and "poetic talent" must not be confused).For her, Xueqin clearly wrote down the sentence "Women are virtuous without talent" (note: Fangben arbitrarily changed "virtuous" to "is virtuous"). This meaning is very obvious. The concept is to regard "talent" and "virtue" as "opposites"!Talent is originally an extremely precious quality, but once you have talent, you are easy to be "treated differently" by adults, and you will be blinded and derogatory.Xueqin has been subjected to this kind of injustice all her life—in fact, Zijian is not like this!Talented people through the ages are often slandered as "literate but not deeds", which is a "failure" of talent!

However, in the novel, Li Wan is a young widow who adheres to the belief that "women are virtuous without talent" since childhood, but it is she who inscribes "literary talent and elegance".Perhaps Xueqin had a deep meaning to this matter. It is absolutely beyond the scope of the small scope of literary history to explain these things, so to clarify, we must conduct an in-depth review from the perspective of cultural history and national character. It's hard to say enough.It's true that "books can't say enough, words can't do what they mean", this kind of regret, everyone who writes and writes will definitely feel the same.