Chapter 130 (6) Qian Zai's secluded repairs and thin and wrinkled

"Qianjia Poetry Forum Dianjianglu" commented on Jushi and said: "When you look at it from a distance, you can see it as a secluded repair leak, and when you look at it close up, you can see it as thin and wrinkled. Those who don't know it are called old scholars"; To wrinkle and cut "stone", all originate from the word "deep", which coincides with the meaning of 顀嘉.Although, six characters are easier said than done.Jiang Chaobo's "Tongzhai Poetry Talk" ② says: "The beauty of Yingshi is that it is wrinkled and thin. These three characters can be used to discuss poetry. The ups and downs mean wrinkles, and the wrinkles do not grow. There is something in Changli ③. Peel the skin and save the liquid. It is thin, thin is not greasy, and there are valleys ④. The six connections and four openings are transparent, and the penetration is not woody, and the east slope has Yan ⑤. Fragmentation is not wrinkle, cold and frugal is not thin, reckless and cracked is not transparent. Call, difficult Let’s say it.” It’s not self-explanatory, but it’s an extension saying: Quiet but not clamorous, curved but can be found, which is called secluded, Suzhou has it6; straight but not forced, appointment and more than enough, it’s called repair, Peng Ze has it. ⑦; clear but not shallow, empty but bright, which is called leakage, and you can have it ⑧.Those who are thin and wrinkled, win with strength and bone, and those who get masculine beauty in poetry; those who repair leakage, win with charm, and those who get feminine beauty in poetry.The body of Jushi is masculine, but it does not have thin and hard bones, clever words to write the heart, it does not touch the paper, it does not pass through the paper, it is so inferior that it is "wrinkled", just like a fat old woman with slow skin and many folds. (194 pages)

① "Dian Jiang Lu of Qianjia Poetry Forum": written by Qing Shuwei (word Liren, title Tieyun), one volume.Jushi: According to Qianzai in the Qing Dynasty, he wrote fifty volumes of Jushizhai Poetry Collection. ②Jiang Chaobo: Qing people.He wrote a volume of "Tongzhai Shihua". ③Changli: Tang Hanyu, the prefect of Changli. ④ Valley: Song Huang Tingjian, known as the old man of the valley. ⑤ Dongpo: Su Shi of Song Dynasty, nicknamed Dongpo Jushi. ⑥Suzhou: Tang Wei Yingwu, once served as the governor of Suzhou. ⑦Peng Ze: Jin Taoqian, formerly Peng Zeling. 8 You Cheng: Tang poet Wang Wei.Official to Shangshu Youcheng.

This poem, which quotes Shu Wei and commented on Qian Zai, uses the six words "youxiulou" and "thin and wrinkled" to explain its style. Jiang Chaobo believes that the three characters "wrinkled and thin" can be used to discuss poetry because of three different style of: (1) The ups and downs meander to form wrinkles, and the wrinkles do not develop. Han Yu has this style.Such as "Drunk in the East": In the past, because of reading Li Bai and Du Fu's poems, I hated the two for not being with each other.I live side by side with Dongye, how can I follow the trail of the two sons!Dongye is not an official, and Baishou praises Longzhong.Han Zi is a little cunning, ashamed of the green wormwood leaning on the long pine.Bow your head and worship Dongye, wishing to be like a scorpion (beast-like beast) from the beginning to the end.Higashino didn't look back, like an inch clattering a giant bell.I would like to be a cloud and Dongye to be a dragon.The four directions are chasing up and down the east field, even though there is parting, how can we meet again!This miscellaneous poem is written with ups and downs, starting with Li Du's incompatibility, and talking about Dongye and I not being able to follow suit.Then I wrote about the poverty of Dongye, and then I wrote that I was able to rely on him to win an official; then I turned to worshiping Dongye, wishing to get together; Higashino, the final conclusion is included in the title, so it is wrinkled but not shabby.

(2) Peeling and storing liquid is thin, and thin is not greasy. Huang Tingjian has this style.For example, the eighth of "Ten Poems of Jingjiang Pavilion Immediately after Sickness": Closed the door to find a sentence Chen Wuji, and waved Qin Shaoyou to the guest.Orthographic do not know food and clothing yet?The west wind blows tears to Gutengzhou! In this poem, Huang Tingjian writes that he misses two good friends, one is Chen Shidao, who is working as a minor official in orthographic writing.He missed Chen Shidao, knowing that his family was in a difficult situation and loved to chant bitterly, so he only clicked "Looking for a sentence behind closed doors", fearing that he would starve and suffer from cold.He missed Qin Guan, and only clicked "Swipe at the Guest", and shed tears for his death in Tengzhou.The poem couldn't be more frugal, so it's called "peeling the skin and storing the liquid".

(3) The six connections and the four openings are transparent, and the transparent is not wooden. Su Shi has this style.For example, "Hezi Yu Mianchi Nostalgia": What is life like everywhere?It should be like Feihong stepping on snow mud: accidentally leaving fingers and claws on the mud, Hongfei's double-counted thing!The old monk has died and turned into a new pagoda, and the broken walls can't see the old problems.Do you still remember the bumpy days?The road is long and the people are tired and the donkey neighs! This poem is written with "six links and four openings", starting with the claws in the snow mud, from the claws on the snow, to the old monks I saw in the temple in the past, and then to the old inscriptions on the walls of the temple. , and then to walk on the rough road in the past, and then to the people who were sleepy and neighing at that time.There are also four developments here, from the claws on the snow to the old monks in the temple, to the old problems on the wall, to the ruggedness of the past, to the neighing of people.The six connections are the four openings, so it is transparent.

Mr. Qian also extended it, using the word "youxiulou" to explain the three styles is an original idea. (1) Wei Yingwu has this style of "quiet but not clamorous, and the music can be found, which is called secluded". Such as "Autumn Night Sending Qiu Yuanwai": Huai Jun belongs to the autumn night, and walks to chant the cool sky.The mountain is empty and the pine nuts are falling, and the secluded person should not sleep. Feeling the falling of pine nuts on an autumn night just shows that it is extremely quiet, quiet but not clamorous.Thinking that when the pine nuts fall in the empty mountain, the secluded person should not sleep. After appreciating this quiet realm, it shows that the song of thought can be found.

(2) Tao Qian has this style of "straight without urgency, appointment with more than enough, which is called repair". Such as "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Field": At the foot of the Nanshan Mountain, the grass is full of bean seedlings and the bean sprouts are sparse.Chen Xing manages the barrenness and filth, and returns with the moon lotus.The road is narrow and the vegetation is long, and the evening dew stains my clothes. It is not a pity that the clothes are stained, but the wish is not violated. The narration at the beginning of this poem is straightforward but not urgent, and the two sentences at the end are concise and full of aftertaste. From the meaning of "Guiguilaixici" contained in "Wish nothing violated", I can appreciate it endlessly.

(3) Wang Wei has this style of "clear but not shallow, empty but bright, which is called leakage". Such as "Bamboo House": Sitting alone in the secluded huang, playing the piano and whistling again.People in the deep forest don't know, but the bright moon comes to shine. The state of the first sentence is clear and clear, and the addition of "playing the piano and making a long whistle" does not seem to be superficial.Although people don't know it, there is a bright moon to illuminate it, which is exactly what emerges from emptiness. This article concludes by saying in a nutshell: Poems whose style shows "thin and wrinkled" have a masculine beauty, such as the poems of Han, Su, and Huang, "conquer with strength and bone"; Those who have the beauty of femininity, such as the poems of Tao, Wang, and Wei, "win with charm".Therefore, Mr. Qian pointed out that Shu Wei's criticism of Qian Zai's poems is not accurate, because Qian's poems are not breathless, their bones are not hard, and their wrinkles are like the loose skin of an old woman.For example, the second part of "New Willows in Yiting":

"Like a dream, it's hard to find alleys and squares. Old travels are part of old friends' hearts. I drove to go to the cold food, but the sun set when I came back on horseback. I didn't frown when I looked in the mirror (cry Xiaolian), and the mud was not crazy (cry Mingjing) ). The clean bottle is only for endless refuge, sprinkled as a fragrance of dew in the spring sky." The first six sentences of this poem are related to mourning people, but the first five sentences have nothing to do with Xinliu.