Chapter 66 (23) On Qian Zai's Poetry (1)

Jushi Juxuan has appeared frequently, and its footprints are very wide.The works that have traveled and landed all go all out, but are sluggish and stuffy, similar to rotten wood and drums, dust and dust.Among the ancient romance poems, "Tong Gui" is the most recited seventeen poems. However, the words are cumbersome, the pen and tongue are twisted and twisted, and there is an attitude of pretending to be kind and benevolent. "Shan Yuan Li", "Conceived Women's Disease", "Wen Zhang Madam's Obituary" are simple and honest, and they are not arrogant.The romance is close, and the world often calls the second song of "Daojiazuo" "When I was a child, my mother taught the son the land, if the mother knew the son would look forward to the mother. What is the crime limit for thirty-four years, a million thoughts are not as good as ashes"; It is difficult to circulate like this, but the tone is too harsh and the meaning of the words is too exhaustive, which seems to be inferior to the "Even if the vastness of the sky is clear, it is difficult to return the ages" in "The Birthday of the First Child", it is sad and painful, and it is more tolerant Allegory. The second half of "The Crying Son on the Third Night of June" says: "The sacrifice in the mulberry garden is cold, and the firefly shines on the lonely soul. Come again to know how to cherish, whip and endure."The fifth poem of Yuan Wei's "Crying Son" says: "The pears and chestnuts are worrying about illness, and the teachings and poems are hoped to be completed early. The school has many pity for the school, and it cries three times because of the hatred"; Jushi "come again" two sentences , is still a word of hope in despair, and the intention is further advanced. The twenty-nine mourning poems in "Reminiscence Poems" are all bitter and blunt, but the second poem "I will be reborn in the same room in the next life, who is not the king", penetrates one layer and is inhumane; others only talk about the original words of Yan Shu The so-called: "If you want to tie your love to the next life, you are afraid that the fate of the next life will be short" ear③.This saga is similar to Shen Queshi's "Guiyu Shichao" volume 14 "Qixi Ci" ④ the fourth poem "There is only life and death, and the sky is better than the world". (Page 182) ①Ju Shi: Qing Qian Zai Zi, there are fifty volumes of "Ju Shizhai Poetry Collection".

② Yuan Weizhi: Tang Yuanzhen characters, there are sixty volumes of "Yuan Zhen Ji". ③Yan Shuyuan: Song Yan has a few words, and there is a volume of "Xiaoshan Ci". ④ Shen Queshi: Shen Deqian characters in Qing Dynasty, there are 20 volumes of "Gui Yu Shi Chao". This is a poem about Qian Zai.Qian Zai used to be the examiner of Guangxi Township Examination, deputy examiner of Jiangnan Township Examination, chief examiner of Jiangxi Township Examination, admiral of Shandong Xuezheng, and was ordered to sacrifice to Yuedu in Shaanxi and Sichuan. Guang." His travels are featured in the works, such as "White Cloud View" (in Beijing): "Is it Nan Zongbie (the view is the place where Qiu Chuji, a real person in Changchun, emerged), and rediscovered Daji Ruins. Fortunately, sir, stop killing How about the words? (Qiu Chuji advised Yuan Emperor to stop killing)

When the cypresses are in the breeze, the plum blossoms are still drizzle.After ten years of ascending to the pavilion, it only benefits the hair on the temples. "This poem should be the work of all efforts. His "Tonggui" has seventeen poems, and the first one is quoted: "Tong Shen has been in money since his grandfather."My father disobeyed my ancestors and sent him away to resign from his peers.The number of thirty years has drifted, and the salary is paid to the official street.One day my father got up, and the autumn wind swept the garden.I saw Tong's father next to him, on the south steps of Nishou Hall.Self-proclaimed that there is such a child, the sick slave has declined.Forgive me when the committee is in the gully, beg the Lord to pity the orphan.Tongliu's father went away, never to return.

Mingdan suddenly has consumption, and suddenly follows Huangai. "Writing about the young children who accept Shen Pu, they are kind and benevolent, but for the matter of driving away Shen Pu, and Shen Pu died of illness, there is no word of condolence, and the lack of benevolence will flow out of the lungs and liver. See "Homework" again Second song: "It's been a long time since the east wall has green calyx plums, and the west wall has two osmanthus that have been destroyed by a single wind. When I was a child, my mother taught the children the land, and if the mother knew that the children would look forward to the mother. Thirty-four years is the limit for crimes. Millions of thoughts are not as good as ashes. Exposure to the eaves A ragged jacket is still hidden in a suitcase, and burning the yellow will only make people sad." Zhang Weiping's "Listening to Songlu Poems":

"The Qilu of Jushi, I occasionally cite one of them, such as the second poem of "Daojiazuo", the words are painful and turbulent. The beauty of it may not come from the ancients, but it can form its own face outside the ancients." Look at "Renxu March 5th, the birthday of the ancestors of the ancestors": "Long He thinks about flying and mourning, and before returning to the mother after feeding the chicks, it will be destroyed first. Even if the vastness is heavy, it will be difficult to return forever. The rice salary in the kitchen is like hand-made, and the wind and rain in front of the hall do not bloom. The word "reading" is wrong from the beginning. I really regret that the man fell to the ground." Mr. Qian thinks that the two couplets in "Daojiazuo" are so circulated, that is, the meaning is coherent, which is impossible.But I think it lacks connotation, which is not as good as the deep sorrow and pain in the couplet in "The Birthday of the First Children".Mr. Qian also cited "The Crying Son on the Third Night of June" to create an environment based on emotion, from sorrow to regret, which is a step further than Yuan Zhen's "Crying Son" poem.According to the combination of "Mulberry Garden" and "Firefly Firefly", it is also better than Yuan Zhen's poems.Mr. Qian also said that Qian Zai's mourning poems penetrated through a layer and were inhumane.Compared with Shen Deqian's "Qixi Ci", Shen Shi only said that the birth and separation of a cow girl in the sky is worse than the death of a couple in the world, and it is not as deep and painful as Qian Shi's.Zhang Weiping's "Listening to Songlu Poetry Talk": "Mr. Jushi's poems are not famous for his family. They are mainly halal and engraved. Sometimes they are stagnant, but everything must be expressed in words, and sometimes they are fresh and fresh. You must cut the scenes to make sentences, and you must sweep away all the empty and fake appearances in the poems, so there is a unique place when you concentrate." In this way, pointing out the achievements and shortcomings of Qian Zai's poems can be cross-referenced with Mr. Qian's comments.

(2) Most of Jushi's poems are those who learned from Dongye①, such as "Guqin" and Liangwu Gu; "A couplet is like a Tan sentence, so that you can use the proverbs in the country to enter the poem, and add your own annotations, such as "Xiu Yu" and "Bai Xiang" in "Fengkouhao".It is also like Fang Weng's habitual technique ③.However, what I want to imitate with my hands is actually Changli's proper layout, not only using ancient prose as poems, but also incorporating ancient prose sentences into poems.In the Qing Dynasty, when literature was regarded as poetry, there was no need to do it first, nothing to be greater than it, and nothing to abuse it.It is advisable to push it as a foresight, and it should be suspended as a strict prohibition.Until it washes away all the lead, seeks to return to the quality, is not limited by the time, and finds its own way; the whole world is a poem for a prodigal son, with light lips and sharp kisses, willing to be the style of the country's wish, ancient appearance and legal words.That is the end, but also a hero.In his early years, Ju Shi did not fail to compose poems of ethereal style, which cannot be deleted into the collection today, but can be found in his own annotations.Visit "Paolu Poetry Cun" Volume 7 "Ti Guochao Famous Poems Collection" ④.For example, in "On the Qinhuai River", "Magnolia blooms and the waterside pavilion, and the second bird flies to draw the curtain"; Since I was young in spring, I slept deeply at the sunrise of three poles"; only one or two of those with a light body survived.The heart of strong regret and the purpose of correcting wrongs are clearly visible.Although Jushi tried his best to change the abuse of poetry, but his poems were not of the same kind, only slightly better than Mei Wanling'er ⑤.Breaking the sea to rescue and burn, burning the harvest and drowning; quenching thirst with poison, quenching thirst and dying.This is why there is a sigh of "helping the drunk man" in this Ming Tao. (Page 176) ① Jushi: Qing Qianzai characters.Dongye: Tang Mengjiao characters.

② Jingling School: A school of poetry advocated by Zhong Xing and Tan Yuanchun from Jingling in the Ming Dynasty. ③Fang Weng: Song Luyou called himself Fang Weng. ④ "Paolu Poems": written by Shen Tao (No. Paolu) in Qing Dynasty, four volumes.There are also four volumes of anthology and three volumes of poetry. ⑤Mei Wanling: Song Mei Yaochen, there are sixty volumes of "Wanling Collection". ⑥ Ming Dao: Song Chenghao, known as Mr. Ming Dao.Helping a Drunk: Teaching a scholar is like helping a drunk. This is a comprehensive discussion of Qing Qianzai's poems.It is believed that his poems have learned from Meng Jiao, such as "Guqin": "The grain is broken for a long time, the material is good and the tail is not burnt. The playing is not Wuji County, or it is made by Lei Xiao. The wood falls on the mountains and rocks, and the weather is cold and the sea tide. Sitting with your knees crossed, you are alone and full of emotions." For example: "The hail grains are as late as rice, and there is no sound when you glance at them. The window lights are jiong (jiong transparent)

At the beginning of the night, the street watchman sank at three o'clock.The ocean is so thin, and the house is cold and cold.Desolately separated from my dream, silently thinking about my kiss.Laomei leans against the outside school, and builds the bamboo kitchen next door.The barren chicken crows, and it is God's will that it is spring.I do what is wrong, and what I do is not what others do.I regret that the past sages read it, but there is no private poverty. "Meng Jiao wrote many five-character ancient poems. In terms of artistic style, he is good at condensing real experience and feelings into short texts, conceiving words, and penetrating three points. The poem "Guqin" writes about Boya's drum and qin, aiming at the mountains. Zhong Ziqi said:

"It's so good! It's as tall as Mount Tai." With the ambition of flowing water, Zhong Ziqi said: "It's so good! It's as vast as a river." See "Liezi? Tang Wen".Qian Zai condensed it into "Wood falls on mountains and rocks, cold weather and sea tide." Two lines of five-character ancient poems were integrated into his "Guqin" poem.Using "Muluo" and "Tianhan" as a foil, turning "Ruojianghe" into the sound of the tide of the sea is more prominent.Another example is "Desolately separated from my dream, silently thinking about my relatives".

Missing relatives on a snowy night, unable to fall asleep, unable to meet each other in dreams, Qian Zai also condensed into two five-character ancient poems, and learned from Meng Jiao in terms of artistic style. The poems of Zhong Xing and Tan Yuanchun of the Jingling School exemplify the deep and lonely purpose, and observe what others don't pay attention to.And Qian Zai's "Storm Over South Lake" is like a poem of the Jingling school. His "Storm Over South Lake": "The center of the water is white in chaos, and the sky is slightly open. The fish return to the cottage, and the flowers are hidden in a flute. The engine is cooler than the tree, and the boat is like a boat. The tea maker is full of water, and there may be a dragon smell in it." When writing a shower, there is wind, so "the engine is cooler than the tree", and the boat floats on the water, so "the boat comes to life. Like Ping".In a shower, the raindrops are heavy, so "the heart of the water is chaotic and white", and the word "white" is used to express a unique feeling.Showers are showers, and there are clouds in the corner of the sky to see the blue sky, "slightly opening the corner of the sky", which is also a unique experience.Mr. Qian also pointed out that Qian Zai used rural proverbs in his poems, such as "The Number at the Gate of Fen": "In the rainy days, there are gnats hanging in the sky, and the daughter's nepotism is of the same heart. When the lotus boat is ready, it will be repaired. "

Self-note: "Repairing the palace and thinning the face are all Wu's proverbs. Reading thinly is like a book." Repairing the palace means tidying up.Thin appearance, now as white appearance, means to play.Go to Dangkou to Baixiang, Dangkou is a place name. In addition, Mr. Qian also said that Qian Zai learned from Han Yu's writing as poetry, such as ""The Impermanence of People and Things" is a painting in the painting, and no one can see the painting in the painting. I am still a person in the painting. Long sigh." ("Talking about Art Records" page 179) For Jushi's poems, see another section "Jushi Juxuan Repeatedly Comes Out". There is nothing greater than being, and nothing is indiscriminate. In the section "Ju Shi Ju Xuan Repeatedly Comes Out", he pointed out that his second poem "Dao Jia Zuo" and "The Birthday of the First Child" can be used as an example of "Nothing is greater than yes" in poetry. As for "Mo Lanshi", It should be pointed out that he used imaginary characters to compose poems. "Jushi's poems use imaginary characters, which are extremely abusive and evil.In the ancient style, each imaginary word makes up the number of words in a sentence. ... "Wang Dai" said: "Confucius did not say that the world is small, and my emperor will ascend as a sage."Those who are good in nature shall prevail, and if spring is born, things can be relied on. '" (Ibid. page 180) Mr. Qian also pointed out that Jushi's early poems were ethereal, such as "Magnolia blossoms, water trees, and birds fly to draw curtains." Magnolias are magnolia flowers, which bloom in spring.B bird refers to swallows, spring is coming.These two sentences are poetic and picturesque.It's like "If you want to find a place in spring, when can the boy stay." The writing is relatively ethereal.But later he deleted them all, trying to overcome the problem of the world's prodigal son's poems. The writing is clumsy and simple, only slightly better than Mei Yaochen.Mr. Qian said in "Mei Yaochen" in "Selected Notes to Song Poems": "If he wants to correct the habit of being flashy and big and unreasonable, he often uses some heavy, dry words and sentences that are not very poetic to write about trivial, ugly and not very poetic things. For example, I got cholera after a dinner party, saw dung maggots when I went to the latrine, and my stomach grumbled after drinking tea. It can be said that I jumped out of a pit and accidentally fell into the well.”