Chapter 52 (9) Li He's poems use jade as a metaphor

Gautier writes poems and essays, and likes to carve gold and jade.In his talk on art, he also said that poetry is like a precious gem, and it is better not to be sharpened, so people at that time ridiculed it as the most precious pill.People in recent times have commented on the lyrics of Herbert ②, the essays of Edgar Allan Poe ③, and the poems of Baudelaire ④, each saying that the three sons like to use gold and stone as metaphors.I secretly think that the ancient author of our country is Changji or his relationship.For example, "Phoenix Calls from Broken Jade in Kunshan" in "Li Ping Konghou Yin", "Stone breaks the sky and amuses the autumn rain"; ; "Tang Children's Songs" "Jade Head, Eyebrows and Eyebrows Brush Green"; "Like jade bricks"; "The sound of Xihe knocking on the sun glass" in "The King of Qin Drinking Wine"; Like a knife"; "Whoever uncovers the jade plate, the east will glow red" in "Spring Returning to Changgu"; "The mountain waterfall is silent and the jade rainbow is cold"; "The jade smoke is green and wet and white like a building" in "Cool Evening Stream";In addition, the verbs and adjectives are rigid, such as "the empty mountain condenses the clouds and does not flow" in "Konghou Yin"; Ming blows and dews the cold"; "Black clouds overwhelm the city and wants to destroy it" in "Yanmen Taishou Xing", "stuff the rouge to condense the night purple", "the heavy frost drums and the cold does not sound"; "a pair of pupils" in "Tang Children's Songs" "People cut autumn water"; "Old scenery is heavy and fly away without surprise" in "December Le Ci", "The flower in the vat smiles at night and condenses the brightness", "The war is cold and cold for the king's life", "The day is broken and broken into poverty"; "God's blood is not congealed to ask who" in "Hao Ge"; "Yu Feng can cut through the clouds" in "Zou Ma Yin"; "Straight through the blossoming wind"; "The ancient wall is condensed with dust" in "Sad Walk"; "Want to cut a foot of sky in central Hunan" in "Pian"; "Changgu Reading" "The sound of insects and light is thin"; "Pale color knots the day and sky"; "Drinking at Night and Sleeping Song" with "thin dew embossing flowers and cymbidium gas"; Condensed red to make autumn colors"; "Osmanthus wind brushes leaves and osmanthus pendants" in "Divine Strings"; "Greasy cheeks condense flowers evenly" in "Lanxiang Goddess Temple"; "Bie Huang Fu Shi" said "late purple congeals the sky"; "Annoy Gong" writes about women's childbirth: "Intestines are not bundled with bamboo, and the urgency is like a bow ⑤. In ancient times, it was filled with Bo, but today it is cut into Kongtong" ⑥, You Qi and obscenity.They all turn light and clean into dignified, and make those who are exiled sharp. Meng Dongye chanted "Autumn Moon" and said: "Old bones are afraid of the autumn moon, and the autumn moon is the edge of the sword." ⑦, compare the sword with the moon.In Changji's "Sword of the Sword", the sword is compared to the moon.But its light is cold and sharp, no difference.Volume 8 of Li Renqing's "Ancient and Modern Fu" discusses the use of the word "rhyme" in Sikong Biao's holy poems⑧.It expresses the charm of sacred words and poems, so when he writes poems and fus, he calls "wine rhyme" and "flower rhyme" every day, and the so-called Dao is consistent.Changji's repeated use of the word "condensation" is also intriguing.As far as the words "bone", "death", "cold" and "cold" are used, there are too many to list, and the function is suitable for interlinking with the word "condensation".If you sing about ghosts, you will have fantastic illusions, unprecedented, from Chu Ci's "Mountain Ghost" and below, to Qianjia Shengliu's "Ghost Interesting Picture" written by Luo Liangfeng⑨, it may be very grotesque, or it may be ridiculed, And those who seek the mood of Ruo Changji are gloomy and creepy, and there is no one who has heard of it.In chapter 10 of Liu Wencheng's "Two Ghosts", there are monsters, but ghosts are not. The so-called "mountain charm eats when people are cold" in "Shenxianqu" can be used as a metaphor for Changji's own poetry.For example, "Nanshan Tian Zhongxing", "Su Xiaoxiao's Tomb", the third song of "Satire", etc., although "Dead Fool" is a good short song in the school version, why is it too much. (48-50 pages) ①Gautier: French poet and novelist in the nineteenth century.

② Herbert: German poet and novelist in the nineteenth century. ③ Edgar Allan Poe: American poet and novelist in the nineteenth century. ④ Baudelaire: French poet in the nineteenth century. ⑤Intestinal accumulation is not bundled bamboo: the accumulation of intestines is different from bundled bamboo.胘 (xianxian) is as anxious as a bow: it refers to the pain of a woman before giving birth. ⑥In ancient times, filling Bo 澥: refers to filling the sea.Chisel Kongtong today: refers to chiseling mountain passages.It is a metaphor for a woman's transition from pregnancy to childbirth. ⑦Gel (ge) chestnut: Still straight.

⑧ Li Renqing: Yuan Li Zhizi.He has written eight volumes of "Jingzhai Ancient and Modern". ⑨Luo Liangfeng: Luo Pinhao, a painter in the Qing Dynasty, liked to draw ghosts. 10 Liu Wencheng: Liu Ji, courtesy name Bowen, posthumous posthumous title Wencheng, has twenty volumes of "Collected Works of Sincerity Bo". This article talks about another feature of Li He's poems, which is easy to use hard objects such as jade as metaphors.For example, the sound of playing a konghou can be compared with "jade broken" and "stone broken". "Residual Silk Song": "Amber sinks in a misty powder pot." There is amber wine in a blue-white pot, and the wine is called hard "amber". In "Mengtian", the moon is called "moon wheel". "Tang Children's Songs" talks about Tang'er's skull bulge, which is called "head jade 硗 硗." "South Garden" compares the bow-like Xiaoyue to "jade bow". In "May" of "December Music Poetry", "Xianghan" is compared to hard "Baosu". In "July", the sky at night is compared to "jade".

In "The King of Qin Drinking Wine", "the sound of knocking on the glass on the sun" compares the sun to hard glass, which can produce sound when knocked.Glass is bright, so it is used to compare with the sun. In "Horse Poetry", knocking thin bones makes the sound of copper, and copper is used to compare thin bones. In "Mian Ai Xing", the light of water is compared to the light of a knife, and a knife is used to compare water. In "Spring Return to Changgu", the red sun in the east is compared to a red jade plate. In "Jiangnan Lane", a round of moon on the river is compared to "Tuan Tuan sticking cold jade". In "Northern Cold", the waterfall on the mountain is compared to "Jade Rainbow". "Cool Evening Stream" refers to smoke as "jade smoke". "Amber thick" in "Will Entering Wine" compares wine to "amber" and compares "wine drops" to "pearls".This is comparing wine, sweat, smoke, waterfalls, water, and light with hard things.He compares things like this with unlike things, such as comparing wine with hard things. Wine is a liquid, so how to compare it with a solid?He made amber because of wine, compared amber to wine, and took its color to be similar.Comparing "baosu" to "fragrant sweat", fragrant sweat comes out of women, and baosu is a treasure like millet and an ornament on a woman's body, so it is compared.The waterfall is said to be a jade rainbow, because the Yuanwang waterfall has similarities with the rainbow, so the rainbow is used as a comparison.Use "pearl red" to compare "wine drops", because wine drops are round like pearls.In short, when he uses this strange metaphor, he always compares two things with a little similarity.It's like comparing amber to wine, and take its color; comparing pearls to wine drops to get its shape.In this way, he achieved his purpose of using hard objects as a comparison.

Mr. Qian also pointed out that Li He's use of verbs and adjectives is also rigid, like when he described the sound of playing a harp instrument: "Empty mountains, congealed clouds are decadent and not flowing." "Ningyun", like the condensation of clouds, has a rigidity, which is a new creation. "Recalling Changgu Mountain Dwelling": "Sweeping off the marks of horseshoes", the word "broken" is also rigid. "Scraping Dew Cold" in "Song of the Sword" uses the word "scraping", the word "pressure" in "Black Clouds Overwhelming the City" in "Yanmen Taishou Xing", the word "heavy" in "Shuangzhong", "Tang Children's Songs" The word "cut" in "Jian Qiushui", the "heavy" in "Lao Jing Shen Shen" in "December Le Ci"

The word "broken" in "Daytime Broken" is like a few "condensed" characters, and the word "cut" in "cut cloud", "press stack" The word "pressure" in "Zhe Xifeng", the word "Guan" in "Zhiguan", the word "cut" in "cut jade open", the word "斫" in "斫控清光", the word "desire" The character "jian" in "one foot of water in Jianhu Lake" and the character "thin" in "light is thin" are both rigid.Here, light only has light and shade, but it is said to be thick and thin, and bugles only have high and low sound, but it is said to be heavy pressure.Here, the brightness of light is connected with the thickness of the object, and the pitch of sound is connected with the weight of force, which contains the meaning of synaesthesia.Like the word "knot" in "light color knots the day and sky", the characters "step" and "cut" in "stepping on the sky and sharpening the knife to cut the purple clouds", the word "brushing" in "the osmanthus wind brushes the leaves", the word "splitting the ground and cutting the forest". The word "crack" in "xiu" and the character "save" in "changzan" are more dignified.Let's compare it with Meng Jiao's poems.Meng Jiao compared the autumn moon with "the edge of a sword", which is like comparing a crescent moon with a sickle, and compared "Yuetohu" to "flying sword", and the moon also refers to the crescent moon like a hook, so it is like a sword.Li He also compared the moon with his sword.

Li He uses rigid characters like the word "Ning", just like Sikong Tu likes to talk about charm and likes to use rhyme characters, such as "wine rhyme" and "flower rhyme". Wait. Mr. Qian also pointed out that Li He is good at writing ghosts, and he is unique in writing a kind of gloomy artistic conception.Such as "Shenxian": "Calling the stars and calling the ghosts to the cups and plates, people feel cold when the mountain leader eats." Calling ghosts to enjoy the sacrifices, people feel chilly when the mountain ghosts come to eat, and write the atmosphere.Like "Nanshan Tian Zhongxing": "Ghost lamps are like lacquer dotted with pine flowers", ghost lamps are as black as lacquer, dotted on pine flowers, writing a gloomy realm. "Su Xiaoxiao's Tomb": "Leng Cuizhu, Lao Guangcai. Under the West Mausoleum, the wind blows and rains." Leng Cuizhu refers to the will-o'-the-wisp, with light and dead flames. The third song of "Satire": "The lacquer torch welcomes the newcomers, and the ghostly fireflies harass." The lacquer torch and the ghost lamp.Newcomer, new ghost.Youkuang, tomb.The disturbance of fireflies, the gathering and scattering of ghost fires are uncertain like the disturbance of fireflies.These ghost poems all have a bleak and bleak artistic conception, which makes people creepy, which is not found in other ghost poems.This also shows the characteristics of Li He's writing ghost poems, which is related to some people calling him a ghost.