Chapter 46 (2) On Tao Yuanming's poems in the past dynasties (1)

At that time, only the Xiao brothers were the ones who interpreted Yuanming. "Yan's Family Instructions? Articles" records the brief text "Ai Yuan's plain texts, often setting up several cases, often satirizing the movements"②.Gu's poems and essays are all in the style of the time, without the slightest hint of deep meaning.The thesis of Zhaoming's "Book with Kings of East Hunan" only said ③: "The talents of ancient times are far away from Yang, Ma, Cao, and Wang, and close to them are Pan, Lu, Yan, and Xie. ④" Song Chen Renzi wrote "Selected Works Supplement" ⑤ , Zhao Wen wrote the preface and described the words of Renzi, and it is also strange that Zhaoming chose Yuanming's poems.It can be seen that in the Six Dynasties and Three Tang Dynasties, Yuanming valued hope.That is to say, there are still people like Wang Chuanshan, Huang Chungu, and Bao Shenbo.Or think that Yuanming "is not powerful but full of energy, and opens up bad poems for diners".See "Xitang Yongri Introduction" in the editor ⑦.Or think that "in today's five-character realm of love, happiness and happiness are the most perfect, and the Tao of Zhusi ⑧ pervades human relations, even though Tao Pengze is also listed among Yi, Hui, Lao, and Zhuang. "Collected Works" Volume 3 "Book with Mei Yunsheng" ⑩.Or think that Yuanming's poems are "not as good as happy poems, which are fragrant and fragrant", see "Reply to Zhang Hanfeng Book" in Volume 1 of "Yi Zhou Shuang Ji". "Guigui Laici" is not beautiful in words but meaningless.Volume 1, "Book Hanwen Hou", the second part.At that time, it was strange to go forward and not resist. (91 pages) ① Zhaoming: Xiao Tong, posthumous Zhaoming.There is "Preface to the Collection of Tao Yuanming". "Jing", tall.

② "Yan's Family Instructions": Yan Zhi's deduction of the Northern Qi Dynasty, two volumes.Jianwen: Xiao Gang, Emperor Jianwen of Liang Dynasty. ③ King of Eastern Hunan: Xiao Yi, who became Emperor Liang Yuan after he ascended the throne. ④Yang, Ma, Cao, Wang: Yang Xiong, Sima Xiangru, Cao Zhi, Wang Can.Pan, Lu, Yan, Xie: Pan Yue, Lu Ji, Yan Yanzhi, Xie Lingyun. ⑤ Chen Renzi: A scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, who wrote forty volumes of "Selected Works Supplement". ⑥Wang Chuanshan: Wang Fuzhi lived in Shichuanshan in Hengyang in seclusion. Scholars called him Mr. Chuanshan. He wrote "Introduction to Yongri at Xitang".

Bao Shenbo: In the calligraphy of Bao Shichen, he wrote six volumes of "Shuangji of Art Boats". Huang Chungu: Huang Chengji, who wrote ten volumes of "Meng Kai Tang Anthology". ⑦ "Xitang Yongri Introduction": Compiled by Qing Wangfu, one volume is compiled internally and one volume is compiled externally. ⑧ Kangle: Xie Lingyun, Xifeng Kangle Gong.The way of Zhusi: Confucius taught students in the valley of Zhushui and Sishui, referring to the way of Confucianism. 9 Tao Pengze: Tao Yuanming once served as Peng Zeling.Yi, Hui, Lao, Zhuang: Boyi, Liu Xiahui, Laozi, Zhuangzi.

⑩ "Meng Kai Tang Collected Works": written by Huang Chengji (word Qianmu, No. Chungu) in the Qing Dynasty, ten volumes. This article talked about Tao Yuanming's poems and essays at that time, including Xiao Tong's "Tao Yuanming Collection Preface", saying that "his articles are not grouped, his words are brilliant, and his ups and downs are outstanding. ）.Heng Su wave and side stream, dry Qingyun and go straight up. Talking about current affairs can be pointed and imagined, and talking about embrace is open and chaste. Be chaste, keep the road and bitter festivals, don’t be ashamed of farming, and don’t think that lack of money is a disease , since you are not a great sage with deep ambition, and Dao Wulong, how can you do this?" These were the most respected words for Tao Yuanming at that time.But Xiao Tong's poems did not follow Tao Yuanming's example.He edited "Selected Works", and he did not select many poems and essays by Tao Yuanming.

Later generations like Wang Fuzhi, Huang Chengji, and Bao Shichen all complained about Tao Yuanming's poems. Judging from the quotations here, none of the criticisms are appropriate.For example, "the amount is not great, but the energy is overwhelming", "Yi Yi, Hui, Lao, and Zhuang are listed", "the words are not beautiful but the meaning is not right", just look at Xiao Tong's preface, and refute their derogatory remarks.For example, he said "Heng Su wave and flow, dry Qingyun and go straight up", and "Yang Yang is bright and clear, don't compare with Beijing", it shows his aura of arrogance; Confucianism is not limited to "Yi, Hui, Lao, Zhuang".Like "the article is not group, the words are brilliant", it is not "the words are not beautiful but the meaning is not".It was still Su Shi who said that "Yuanming's poems are rich in quality, and rich in quality." If you only see his quality and richness, you will naturally express your dissatisfaction with him.

(2) Xin Jiaxuan's "Congratulations to the Bridegroom": "Looking at Yuanming, the romantic is exactly like Zhuge of Crouching Dragon." "Zhu Zi Yu Lei" Volume 140①: "Yuanming is proud and unrestrained, but he is so bold and unrestrained. The one who reveals his true nature is an article in "Ode to Jingke""; also: "The hermits are often negative, and those who want to do something but can't do it are good. name." Zhu Yan's "Ming Dynasty Poetry Copy" ② Volume 3 of the main collection Zhang Zhidao Yining's "Inscribed on the Map of Yuanming's Return to Yin hidden by Shi Zhongming in Hailing": "There was no Liu Yuzhou in the past, and the old Zhuge in Longzhong. Therefore, Tao Pengze, returned The excitement is unstoppable. How do you know that a hero will not give up if he has aspirations. Gao chanted the chapter "Jing Ke", and his hair was twitching." Sun Taichu's "Taibai Mountain People's Manuscript" ③ Volume 2 "Three Hermit Poems": "Yuanming Heroes, the source There is also a way. In the past, when I read the poem "Jing Ke", it was as if I saw an embrace." Dong Ruoyu said that "Fengcaoan Front Collection" ④ Volume 2 "Book Taohuayuan Jihou": "If you can't repay Han's ovary, then you should avoid Qin's Chu guest. Dow's "Ode to Jingke" has the same body with different functions; he felt that he could not get it for Jingke, and then moved to Taoyuan to avoid Qin's conspiracy. It is so sad." Gu Tinglin Volume 19 ⑤ "Written Words Deceiving": "Li It is true that the recruiters in Li are as indifferent as if they are forgotten in the world, but feel angry, and sometimes they can't stop themselves and see their feelings slightly." Wang Yuqing Wenzhi "Menglou Poetry Copy" Volume 10 "Peng Ze" third poem ⑥: " People love Tao Lingyi, and I know Tao Linghao. Yishui sings about Jingke, and cold water twilights. There are wonders in the sky, how can they be soaring. In ancient times, outsiders, the economy is more generous. Shangqi puts an end to the Han struggle⑦, and Lu Lian solves the Qi noise⑧ Ding'an used Yuanming's "poetry to talk about Jing Ke" and lamented "Jianghu Xiagu", focusing on the same as Zhu Zi, etc.; also known as Yuanming "resembling Crouching Dragon Hao", self-note: "The meaning of the language is Xin Qiji", but in fact the poems of the valley have already been published. This is what I mean. (555 pages) ① "Zhu Zi Yu Lei": 140 volumes, edited by Li Jingde of Song Dynasty.

②Zhu Yan: From the Qing Dynasty, there are fourteen volumes of "Ming Dynasty Poems". ③Sun Taichu: Ming Sun Yiyuan characters, there are eight volumes of "Taibai Mountain Man Manuscript". ④Dong Ruoyu: There are six volumes of "Fengcaoan Front Collection" written by Dong Shuo in the Qing Dynasty. ⑤ Gu Tinglin: Qing Gu Yanwu, there are thirty-two volumes. ⑥Wang Yuqing: Wang Wenzhi of the Qing Dynasty has 24 volumes of "Menglou Shichao". ⑦Shangqi: Qiliji, one of the four best in Shangshan, lived in seclusion in Shangshan.At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang wanted to abolish the prince Liu Ying and establish Zhao Wang Ruyi. Zhang Liang asked Shangshan Sihao to come out to assist the prince, and the prince's position was determined.

8 Lulian: Lu Zhonglian, a native of Qi during the Warring States period.Yan will occupy Liaocheng in Qi, and Tian Dan will attack Liaocheng.Lu Zhonglian wrote to General Yan, urging him to return to Yan.General Yan was afraid that Gui Yan would be guilty, so he committed suicide, and Tian Dan regained Liaocheng. This time I will talk about Tao Yuanming's poems again.Mr. Qian first quoted Xin Qiji's "Congratulations to the Bridegroom", and already mentioned that Tao Yuanming's romantic style is very similar to Zhuge Liang.Zhu Xi further saw his boldness from Tao Yuanming's "Ode to Jingke", saying that he wanted to make a difference, but he couldn't.Then quote Zhang Yining's poem and compare Tao Yuanming to Zhuge Liang. If Zhuge Liang hadn't met Liu Bei, he would have died of old age in Longzhong without leaving the mountain.Tao Yuanming's "Ode to Jingke" shows that he is an aspiring hero.Quoting Qing Dong's article again, from Tao Yuanming's "Ode to Jingke", he can be compared to Han Zhang Liang who avenged Han; It belongs to Chu, so the people there are called "Chu Ke".Gu Yanwu praised Tao Yuanming's "feeling of indignation, sometimes unable to stop himself and see his feelings in a small way", which refers to "Ode to Jingke" and other articles, revealing his "feeling of indignation".Qing Wang Wenzhi's poems point out his arrogance, which is shown in his "Ode to Jingke".Besides, although he lives in seclusion, he has the embrace of managing the world and helping the people, like Qiliji in Shangshan, and Lu Zhonglian in the Warring States Period.Mr. Qian pointed out here that Gong Zizhen's "Miscellaneous Poems of Jihai" called Tao Yuanming like Zhuge Liang's Hao, and believed that Huang Tingjian's poems had already had this meaning.Mr. Qian also quoted poems and essays from different dynasties with the same view, explaining that this kind of discussion on Tao Yuanming is not an individual discussion, but can be regarded as a final conclusion.