Chapter 16 (14) Breaking Willows

"Zhijiuhang": "The master's father traveled westward and couldn't return, and the family broke the willow in front of the door" ①; Wang's note: "Climbing the tree and looking at the return of the pedestrians, as for the broken one, they still haven't returned, so I can see the meaning of the delay." Not yet. To the point, try to discuss it.In ancient times, there was a custom of folding willows to send off, which has been known throughout the ages.Yang Sheng’an’s poem "Folding Willows" chanted this ②, which is round and bright, especially the swan song. The so-called: "The year of the weeping willows and weeping willows, the flying catkins and flying flowers enchant the distant sky. Parting from the river and returning to the river, throwing the bridge and the roadside" ( Volume 30 of "Daquan Ji" edited by Yang Youren; visit Emperor Liang Yuan's "Folding Willows": "Weeping Willows and Weeping Willows", the fourth song of Xue Neng's "Willow Branches" ④: "Throwing to the Bridge and Roadside").However, playing with the Six Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty, it seems that there is still the custom of breaking willows and sending them far away.If you send someone away, you only need to fold them once; if you send them away, you will have to serve for many years, and you will never return, and you will be exhausted for one person. It is no longer "on the river" but in front of the gate.Bai Xiangshan's "Green Gate Willow" ⑤: "For the near capital to see off more, the long strips are folded to reduce the spring breeze"; Shao Ye's "Bitter Parting" ⑥: "Seeing off people in the morning, seeing off people in the evening, if sending willows , there are no roots here"; Yu Xuanji's "Folding Willows"

⑦: "Farewell to the weeping flower tins in the morning, and fold the willow smoke in the spring breeze"; Weng Shou's "Folding Willows" ⑧: "Climb and fold as a gift to travelers, and there is a lot of rain and snow in the mountains and rivers." This is also the folding of willows for farewell.Volume 22 "Zhe Yangliu" chapter 9, is like Liu Miao: "Ten years away from the high-rise building, the willows wash the silk branches. Picking the leaves is startled, and I hate to leave after climbing the sticks"; Letters from Zhongshu are rare"; Wei Chengqing: "Thousands of miles of border towns, three spring willow festivals. I can't bear to throw away my years, and I send them to the fold with affection"; Zhang Jiuling: "Cross the willows with slender slenderness, hold this to send to my lover"; Li Bai: "Climb the willows to fold the spring scenery, and send it to Longting far away Before"; Mengjiao:

"Giving far away is tiring, and the soft ones are hanging down. Youth has its own festivals, and there is no time for parting."Taibai also said in "Xuancheng Sends Deputy Envoy Liu to Qin" ⑩: "If you don't make long-term lovesickness, you will break the branches of willows." This is also the broken willow for sending far away.If you use Song poetry to explain Tang poetry, then Chen Qufei said goodbye to "Ancient Farewell" in Volume 8 of "Jian Zhai Ji" ⑾: "Thousands of people are farewell here, and a willow can be as good as a few people." "Yuan Ji" Volume 19 "Folding Willows" said to send far ⑿: "If you want to fold a long strip and send it to a long journey, you will be haggard when you think of the king."Nine⑿: "There is a strange tree in the courtyard, and the green leaves are blooming. Climbing the bar will break its glory, and I will think of it as a legacy. The fragrance fills my sleeves, and the road is far away. "; although there is no mention of "trees", but "feeling of the time", climbing the bar and leaving it far away, has the same intention as "Zhe Willow".Changji's poems speak positively about honor and legacy, not about "climbing trees and looking far away".

"The Lord's father does not return", "family members" often send willows, and the branches are bald, the Jewish white poems say "long lovesickness" and "break the branches", and the Dongye poems say "tired and broken" and "soft stalks do not hang down" ", "more than one year", "don't suffer", and "branches" are "sparse".Taibai and Changji said that the willows were "broken" due to sending them far away, Xiangshan, Shao Ye, and Yu Xuanji said that the willows were "broken" and even cut off their roots due to many gifts; Manjusri had the same thing.Gai sent willows as a farewell gift, but suddenly it was time, and the "Willow Festival" reunited, and the wanderer stayed in the brigade, cherishing people's grievances, so he folded back and took the sender, so he returned quickly.The willow folds in the garden are sent frequently, which is comparable to singing "The flowers on the Moshang bloom slowly and return slowly".Pedestrians return to others, and their successive situations are different, but they are one body. Therefore, seeing off and reminding them to return has different functions but the same thing.The matter of "sending plum blossoms" by Yue envoys and post envoys⒁ has long been a classic of poetry and prose. Talking about the ancient customs of "sending willows" because of Changji's poems, it should be the opposite. (Pages 379-381) ① "Zhijiuhang": Poems by Li He.Wang Qi's note: ""Han Shu": 'My father Yanxi went to the pass to see General Wei, and General Wei said a few words (Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), but he didn't think about it. The funds were exhausted, and the guests stayed for a long time. The princes and guests hated it.'" Chang Ji cited himself.

②Yang Sheng'an: Ming Dynasty writer Yang Shenhao. ③Yang Youren: A native of Ming Dynasty, the third son of Yang Shen.Compiled with "Daquanji". ④ Xue Neng: See Volume 558 of "Quan Tang Poetry". ⑤ Baixiang Mountain: Bai Juyi, named Xiangchu Jushi, has seventy-one volumes of "Bai Juyi Collection". 6 Shao Ye: See Volume 605 of "Quan Tang Poetry". ⑦Yu Xuanji: Female Taoist priest, see Volume 804 of "Quan Tang Poetry". ⑧ Weng Shou: See the 600 volumes of "Quan Tang Poetry". ⑨: One hundred volumes, compiled by Song Guo Maoqian.

10 Taibai: Li Bai characters, there are thirty-six volumes of "The Complete Works of Li Taibai". ⑾Chen Qufei: Chen Yuyi characters, there are sixteen volumes of "Jian Zhai Ji". ⑿Wen and Ke: The text has the same characters, and there are forty volumes of "Dan Yuan Ji". ⑿: See "Selected Works". ⒀ "Sending plums": Sheng Hongzhi's "Jingzhou Ji": "Lu Kai and Fan Ye were good friends, and sent a plum blossom from Jiangnan to Chang'an and Hua, and presented Hua with a poem saying: "Folding flowers to meet postmen, send them to Longtou people in Jiangnan. If you don’t have anything, let’s talk about giving a sprig of spring.” See Volume 90 of Taiping Yulan.

This article talks about the farewell of folding willows in ancient times, starting from the "folding willows" in Li He's "To the Wine Shop".Because Mr. Qian's comments on Wang Qi's notes are "not pertinent", which involves a correct understanding of "folding willows", it is classified into the category of "appreciation".Wang Qi noted that the master's father, Yan, did not return from his journey to the west, and his family members broke the willows in front of the gate to show his intention of not returning after a long time.According to Wang's note, breaking off the willow branch means that he will not return for a long time.That's not fair.Mr. Qian pointed out that there are two kinds of folding willows to see off in ancient times: one is to see off willows when seeing off. Citing Yang Shen’s "Zhe Willows", it states "Farewell to the river and return to the river, throwing the side of the bridge and the side of the road." When seeing off, break willows to see them off, and throw willow branches to the side of the bridge when pedestrians leave.When seeing off by the river, willows are broken to see them off, and when pedestrians are on the road, they throw willow branches by the side of the road.Here, Mr. Qian not only talked about breaking willows to see him off, but also praised Yang Shen's poem, "It's so beautiful, it's a swan song."

Mr. Qian also talked about Emperor Liang Yuan’s "Folding Willows": "The Wu Gorge in Wushan is long, and the weeping willows are the same as the weeping willows. Concentric and folded together, the old man cherishes his hometown."Fold together with one heart, when the family members are missing the distant people, and the people far away are missing the family members, so it is called "Folding with the same heart".Tang Xueneng's "Willow Branches": "Tourists can be hated if they are not broken, they are thrown to the bridge and roadside." This is similar to Yang Shen's "throwing the side of the bridge and the side of the road", saying that there is no discount for tourists, but it should be for those who see you off.

Mr. Qian also cited four examples of breaking willows as gifts, including Bai Juyi, Shao Ye, Yu Xuanji, and Weng Shou.It also refers to the poems sent by folding willows to distant people, including Liu Miao, Lu Zhaolin, Wei Chengqing, Zhang Jiuling, Li Bai, and Meng Jiao.He also cited two examples of Chen Yuyi and Wen Tong in Song Dynasty, each of which clarified one meaning.Then it comes down to Li He's poems about breaking willows and leaving far behind.Finally, Zhemei Jiyun is compared with Zheliu Jiyuan, which shows that there is Zheliu Jiyuan.