one The word is based on the realm.If there is a realm, it will become a high-profile, and it will have its own famous sentences.This is the reason why the Ci of the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty is unique. two There is the creation of the environment, and there is the description of the environment. This is the reason for the two schools of idealism and realism.However, it is difficult to distinguish between the two.Because the environment created by the great poet must be in line with nature, and the environment written must also be close to the ideal. three There is a realm with me, and there is a realm without me. "Tears asked the flowers and said nothing, and the chaotic red flew across the swing. (1)" "It can be said that the lonely hall is closed in spring and cold, and the sun is setting in the sound of rhododendrons. (2) "There is my realm. "Plucking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, and seeing Nanshan leisurely. (3)" "The cold wave rises, and the white bird descends leisurely. (4)" The state of no self.In the realm of self, observe things with me, and the old things are all in my color.In the state of no-self, observe things with things, so I don’t know what is me and what is the thing.The ancients are ci, and there are many people who write about the state of self, but it is impossible to write about the state of no self before the beginning. This is where heroes can set their ears on their own.

Notes: (1) Feng Yansi [Magpie Stepping on Branches]: "How deep is the courtyard? The willows are piled up with smoke, and the curtains are unnumbered. The Yule carved saddle tours the factory, and the building is so tall that you can't see Zhangtai Road. The rain is blowing and the wind is mad in March at dusk, The door is closed at dusk, and there is no plan to stay in the spring. Tears ask the flowers without saying a word, and the chaotic red flies across the swing." (2) Qin Guan [Treading on the Sand]: "Fog lost the tower, the moon was lost, and the Taoyuan was lost. There are countless regrets for this. Chenjiang was lucky to come from Chenshan, and for whom she shed to Xiaoxiang!"

(3) Tao Qian's [Drinking Poem] No. 5: "Jielu is in a human environment, but there are no cars and horses. Ask the king how can you, the heart is far away from the side. Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely see Nanshan. The mountain is sunny. Xijia, the birds return each other. There is a true meaning in this, and I have forgotten the words if I want to distinguish it." (4) Yuan Hao asked [Farewell to Yingting]: "The old man is divided and brought together, and he stays in the river. The universe is open and clear, and the scenery is like borrowing. The north wind snows for three days, and the Taisu Bingyuan is transformed. Nine mountains are luxuriant. Tall and towering, the mausoleum is unaffected. The cold wave rises slowly, and the white bird descends leisurely. People are anxious to return home, and the state of things is leisure. The pot cup bears the roar, and the dust is full of sorrow. Looking back at the people in the pavilion, the flat forest is as picturesque ."

Four The state of no self can only be obtained in tranquility.The state of being with me can be obtained from the stillness of movement.Therefore, one is beautiful and the other is magnificent. Fives Things in nature limit each other.However, when it is written in literature and art, its relationship and limitations must be left behind.Therefore, even though he is a realist, he is also an idealist.And no matter how fictitious the environment is, its materials must be obtained from nature, and its structure must also follow the laws of nature.Therefore, even though he is an idealist, he is also a realist.

six The environment is not unique to the scenery.Joy, anger, sorrow, and joy are also one of the realms in people's hearts.Therefore, those who can portray realistic scenery and true emotions are said to have a realm.Otherwise it is called unlimited. seven "Red apricot branches make trouble in spring (1)", with the word "trouble", the realm is fully out. "Clouds break through the moon and flowers make shadows (2)", with the word "Nong", the realm is completely out. Notes: (1) Song Qi [Jade Tower Spring] (Chunjing): "The east city is gradually feeling better, and the hub is wrinkled and rippled to welcome passengers. The green smoke is light outside the dawn, and the red apricot branches are full of spring. Floating growth hates less joy, willing Ai Qianjin smiled lightly. Hold wine for the king to persuade the setting sun, and take evening photos among the flowers."

(2) Zhang Xian [Heavenly Fairy] (he was Jiahe's little girl at the time, because he was sick and sleepy, so he didn't go to the government meeting): "The water tunes a few times and listens to the wine, and I wake up drunk in the afternoon and worry about it. When will I send Chunchun back? Lin Chun Evening mirror, hurting scene, empty memories of the later period of the past. It is dark on the sand and the poultry pond, the clouds break through the moon and the flowers play shadows. The heavy curtains cover the lights tightly, the wind is uncertain, the people are quiet at first, and the sunset will fill the path tomorrow."

Eight Realm has size, not to distinguish good from bad. "Fish come out in the drizzle, swallows slant in the breeze (1)" He Jun is not as good as "the setting sun shines on the banner, and the horse blows and the wind is rustling (2)". "Little silver hook hanging on the treasure curtain (3)" is not as good as "Missing the tower, crossing the moon maze (4)". Notes: (1) One of Du Fu's "Two Poems from the Water Threshold": "Go to Guoxuan with a couplet open, and there is no village to look at on credit. The Chengjiang River is flat and the shore is small, and the trees are full of flowers at night. The fish come out in the drizzle, and the swallows are slanted in the breeze. There are 100,000 households in the city. , two or three here."

(2) One of Du Fu's [Five Poems After Leaving the Fortress]: "Enter the Dongmen camp in the morning, and go up to the Heyang Bridge in the evening. The setting sun shines on the banner, and the horses are blowing. Make Yan Ye lonely. The sound of mourning is loud, and the strong man is miserable. If I ask who the general is, I'm afraid it's Huo whoring Yao." (3) Qin Guan [Huanxisha]: "Momo is light and cold, going up a small building, Xiaoyin is like a poor autumn, light smoke and flowing water paint a quiet screen. Free flying flowers are as light as dreams, boundless silk rain is as thin as sorrow, and precious curtains are hung with small silver hooks ."

(4) Qin Guan [Treading on the Sand] See the third note. Nine Yan Canglang's "Poetry Talk" said: "All people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty are only interested. Antelopes have horns, and there is no trace to look for. Therefore, its beauty is penetrating and exquisite, and it cannot be missed. It is like the sound in the sky, the color in the phase, and the water. The moon and the image in the mirror have exhaustive words and endless meanings." Yu said: The same is true of the words before the Northern Song Dynasty.However, Cang Lang's so-called interest and Ruan Ting's so-called verve are just to know their faces. It's not as good as the word "realm" in order to explore their roots.

ten Taibai purely wins with weather. "The afterglow of the west wind, the mausoleum of the Han Dynasty. (1)" There are only a few characters, and it is the mouth of the ancients.In later generations, only Fan Wenzheng's fisherman's pride (2), and Xia Yinggong's happy move to the warbler (3), were short enough to succeed Wu, but the weather was no longer enough. Notes: (1) Li Bai [Recalling Qin'e]: "The sound of the flute swallows, Qin'e's dream breaks the moon of Qin Lou. The moon of Qin Lou, the willow color every year, the sad farewell of Baling. Leyou Yuan Shang Qingqiu Festival, the ancient roads of Xianyang are full of sound. The dust is gone, the westerly wind is shining, and the Han family mausoleum is quelled."

(2) Fan Zhongyan [Fisherman's Pride] (Qiu Si): "The scenery is different in autumn, and Hengyang's geese go without paying attention. There are sounds from all sides. There are thousands of mountains, and the long smoke sets in the lonely city. However, there is no way to return. Qiang pipes are long and frosty all over the ground. People can't sleep, and generals have white hair and tears." (3) Xia Song [Happy Qianying Order]: "The rosy clouds are scattered, and the moon hangs. The curtain rolls to the Weiyang Tower. The night is cool and the Yinhan cuts off the sky, and the palace is locked in the autumn. Yaotai trees, golden stems are exposed. Fengsui incense plate smokes .Three thousand pearls and emeralds are surrounded by Chen, and the water hall is in Liangzhou."