Chapter 2 Chapter Two: The Mystery of Jia Baoyu's Personality (Part 1)

I have already pointed out in the last lecture that Cao Xueqin shaped the artistic image of Jia Baoyu largely based on himself, so of course he cannot get rid of his family and the politics between himself and that dynasty, that is, power struggle, or power Those can be said to be unforgettable memories and those life feelings related to the power operation in the future.When he wrote, he melted these life feelings into it.However, what is remarkable about him is that, without denying his own political inclinations and emotions, he realized that human spiritual activities have a higher level than political care, that is, life care.Jia Baoyu in his works has a special personality, and it is in the portrayal of Jia Baoyu's personality that Cao Xueqin introduces us to a higher level than politics, a more eternal spiritual universe.Remember the question I asked at the end of the last lecture?I said that there was a fairy and a mortal, who proposed and demonstrated two concepts of Jia Baoyu's personality.Who are they?What are the two concepts?Let's talk about that mortal first.He is Jia Yucun.The character Jia Yucun is a bit strange. He appears together with Zhen Shiyin at the beginning of the novel.The homonyms of their two names are "the real thing has been hidden" and "I will tell you in false language", which are such a set of corresponding meanings. "False language" is easy to understand, but what does "village language" mean?It is the talk of the village, the discourse of the outsiders, and the narration that is different from the mainstream discourse.

People who have read it have a good impression of Zhen Shiyin, but it is difficult to have a good impression of Jia Yucun. He had lost his conscience at the time of "the gourd monk judging the gourd case". Especially in the later part, the author wrote that in order to please Jia Amnesty, he even took the initiative to create an injustice case, copying and confiscating the ancient fan hidden by the folk collector Shiner, and dedicating it to Jia. amnesty.Even Jia Lian, a swinger, thought it was too immoral for him to do so, and because he said such things to Jia She, he was beaten by Jia She, so that Ping'er called him "a wild bastard who came from there on the way." .This role should be played after Cao Xueqin's 80th episode. Gao E wrote that he not only did not rescue Jia's family when he was unlucky, but also kicked him hard in the back, which should roughly conform to Cao Xueqin's conception.In the first chapter of Zhen Shiyin's "Good Song Notes", next to the sentence "Because the yarn cap is too small, the shackles are carried", Zhiyanzhai has a comment, saying that this sentence refers to "Jia She, Yucun and others", It shows that Jia Yucun, a political opportunist, did not end well in the end.

It is said that Cao Xueqin designed the character of Jia Yucun, starting with him as "a lady in the world", the homonym of his name means that he has entered the discourse of the opposition, and he is set as Lin Daiyu's Kaimeng teacher, even if he wants to create a character Why is it necessary to write him so badly and unbearably for a character with a complicated personality?This is something I've been thinking about.I also leave the question to everyone here, hoping to hear an insightful explanation. No matter how bad the "traitor" Jia Yucun was later written in the book, in the second episode of his conversation with Leng Zixing in the country shop, in that description, Cao Xueqin used him to demonstrate a very important concept.This concept not only interprets Jia Baoyu's personality, but also serves as a key for us to understand many characters in the book, including Miaoyu, Qin Zhong, Liu Xianglian, Jiang Yuhan, etc.In fact, even some beings outside the book, such as Yin, can get their due understanding under this concept.Jia Yucun’s argument in the second chapter about the fight between the good and the evil in heaven and earth, giving some special characters and turning them into strange existences, I couldn’t read it when I was young, and I would definitely skip it when I saw it. It is profound and dull, and I simply do not understand why the author writes so much "nonsense".Now some readers are also impatient when reading that paragraph.But now I understand that that paragraph of text is very important. It is not so much that Jia Yucun in the book wants to say that paragraph, but rather that the author Cao Xueqin wants to express his long-spent opinions.I advise friends who really want to understand it, it is better to read that paragraph carefully several times.Of course, I still have the position that I have repeatedly stated before, that is, I never think that my understanding is necessarily correct, and I never think that reading should be done as I suggest. Come out and share it with fans.

Jia Yucun told Leng Zixing in the country hotel, but Cao Xueqin actually wanted to tell readers not to mistake Jia Baoyu, who likes to hang out with daughters, as a lewd demon.He pointed out that being clear, bright and beautiful is the righteousness of heaven and earth; cruel and perverted is the evil spirit of heaven and earth.Some people in the world are full of righteousness, and some are full of evil, but there is another kind of people who are injected into their souls after the fight between the two forces of good and evil, and as a result, they have the two forces of good and evil.This kind of person who is born with both righteous and evil spirits cannot become a benevolent gentleman at the top, nor can he become a great vicious person at the bottom; if he is placed among tens of thousands of people, his clever, handsome and smart spirit will be above tens of thousands of people, and his spirit will be above tens of thousands of people. The eccentric, absurd and inhuman attitude is under the tens of thousands of people; if born in a rich and noble family, you will be an infatuated person; Yu Bozuo's poor family, he must not be a pawn and a servant, willing to be driven and controlled by others, he must be a famous and famous one.Jia Yucun also cited a long list, most of which are historical figures, as an example of what he said.The number of people on this list has been counted, but the number is difficult to determine, because one example is the "Wang Xie Two Clans", which are two families in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Wang Dao is a family and Xie An is a family. The Wang family is most famous for calligraphy Wang Xizhi from the family, and Xie Daoyun from the Xie family, I came up with a poetess, Xie Daoyun, but how many people in these two families are both righteous and evil?Can't figure it out.

Here I will not elaborate on the examples cited by Jia Yucun.I read Tara's list, and what surprised me the most was that there were several emperors in it: Empress Chen, Emperor Ming of Tang, and Emperor Huizong of Song.These emperors were all political failures. From a political point of view, they were all negative teachers.I mentioned Tang Minghuang earlier when I talked about "Double Hanging Sun and Moon Illuminating the Universe". The most impressive thing about this man is not his political deeds, but his love story with Concubine Yang.Originally, as an emperor, he owned the Sangong and Six Courtyards, and a large group of beauties for him to enjoy. It seemed that he could not have true affection for the women in the palace, but he had true affection for Concubine Yang Gui.The love story between him and Concubine Yang became a great resource for later literature and art—the legend created by Hong has been performed to this day, and there are countless poems, novels, plays, dances, paintings, sculptures? ?In modern times, movies and TV series are added? ?I believe that more literary and artistic works will be produced in the future.Moreover, this story has also penetrated into arts and crafts and into the lives of ordinary Chinese people.Nowadays, when people travel, when they arrive in Xi'an, many people will never let go of Huaqing Pool. It is said that this is the place where Tang Minghuang and Yang Guifei bathed.This emperor is politically messed up, but he has become a typical example of love and infatuation through his emotional life. He has created something that is more attractive than his political achievements, more enduring, and more popular, and has become a household name. It is universal among human beings. It's amazing to think about another value.As an ordinary person, he doesn’t know Tang Taizong—that is a politically successful emperor—people around him may not laugh at him, but if he doesn’t know that the heroine in Mei Lanfang’s "The Drunken Concubine" is Yang Concubine, I don’t know if Concubine Yang was depressed because of which emperor did not come to see her that day in the play, and if she was drunk, she would be laughed at by the people around her.Thinking about it, this kind of thing is quite strange, and Cao Xueqin explained this phenomenon through Jia Yucun, demonstrating that even if a person becomes an emperor, he can transcend politics and not create the value that the emperor should have created. , but to create another value.

Empress Chen, Chen Shubao, this is an emperor about a hundred years earlier than Tang Minghuang, the last emperor of Nanchen during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, a king who subjugated a country, and a very absurd one—the so-called "returning to the absurd to play the wilderness" emperor.Saying that he is licentious, will never wrong him.He likes singing and dancing, listening to songs and dancing all day long, drinking and having fun.There is nothing to say about this, such a guy should be a complete villain, but Cao Xueqin, through Jia Yucun's words, also listed him as a strange person who upholds both righteousness and evil.In other words, this person has only negative political value, but has merit in other aspects.His love of singing and dancing is not just for others to compose songs and dances for him, he just appreciates them for nothing, no;We are all familiar with the two poems of Du Mu in the Tang Dynasty, "The merchant woman does not know the hatred of subjugation, but she still sings flowers in the backyard across the river." He composed and sang, accompanied by dances. He is simply the chief planner and director who is obsessed with this kind of song and dance. He has died in the country, but he has created exquisite works of art. Therefore, when Cao Xueqin passes through Jiayu Village, it is He affirmed his value in this aspect, thinking that he can also be regarded as an infatuated species.In addition, Tang Minghuang is also keen on artistic creation. Chen Houzhu's "Yushu Houting Flower" has been lost, and Tang Minghuang's "Neon Clothes and Feather Clothes" song and dance are still working hard to restore.

Song Huizong was a more famous king of subjugation, but his artistic talent and artistic achievements were incomparable to that of Empress Chen and Tang Minghuang.If you look it up in a literary dictionary, you won’t be able to find Empress Chen and Tang Minghuang, but you will definitely be able to find Zhao Ji, who is the name of Song Huizong.He is one of the most outstanding calligraphers in the history of the Chinese nation. He created a unique calligraphy style called "thin gold style", which has been passed down to the present; In the treasure house of paintings all over the world, it is not inferior to the paintings of top painters of other nations.It writes that Yuanyang resists marriage. Her sister-in-law ran to the Grand View Garden, trying to persuade Yuanyang to be Jia She's concubine. Horses are all good pictures (talks)!" You see, Song Huizong's eagle paintings are so good that they have become popular sayings in folklore.Such a person is really strange. Instead of being an emperor, he does not work hard on politics and governance, but devotes himself to art.Cao Xueqin actually also pointed out through Jia Yucun's mouth that he is also an infatuated type. This kind of person has both righteousness and evil, and his concern is not power, but aesthetics.

I don’t know what other red fans think, anyway, after I read Jia Yucun’s argument carefully, at first, it was really difficult for me to accept, especially his affirmation of these three emperors to a certain extent, what is this? values?If we agree with such values, then in the current social life, wouldn’t we become detached from politics, lose social care, give up social responsibility, make art for the sake of art, or study for the sake of academics, and get into the ivory tower to become Unification, regardless of the suffering of the people and the revitalization of the nation, what kind of person is that?

The purpose of our reading should not be to "learn and apply", we don't have to look for ideas and behavior patterns that can be directly used in reality, mainly because it provides us with high cognitive value and aesthetic value.However, this does not mean that there is no ideological enlightenment for us today, and there are no factors that can be used for reference in our real life. The three politically bad emperors only accounted for a very small proportion of the historical figures Cao Xueqin mentioned through Jia Yucun's argument about the aliens who uphold both righteousness and evil.In my opinion, that is an extreme example, and there is no need for us to stick to it and get into a dead end.

Cao Xueqin mainly wanted to explain Jia Baoyu through Jia Yucun's argument, pointing out the value of Jia Baoyu's personality.Because according to feudal orthodox standards, Jia Baoyu is a completely negative image.Everyone is familiar with the two lines in the third chapter that directly summarize Jia Baoyu's "negative value".Of course, those words and phrases are negative on the surface, but they are actually praises.Jia Baoyu did not create value according to feudal orthodoxy, but he created positive value from other aspects, the most prominent of which is his love and care for the marginalized people in society.

Some commentators analyze Jia Baoyu, emphasizing only two points: one is that through his and Lin Daiyu’s surreptitious reading and other behaviors, they believe that these show that they love freely on the basis of common ideas and strive for marriage autonomy; one is that he hates official career and economics. , anti-Confucius and Mencius, so give him a general anti-feudal summary.Free love and independent marriage are what Jia Baoyu pursues, and I have no doubt about it.But to say that Jia Baoyu is anti-feudal in general, I have some doubts.What I read is that what Jia Baoyu hates and resists is only the politics of that society.He is most afraid of forcing him to study, to prepare for the imperial examinations, to be a butcher for officials, to bow to the officialdom, to become a "national thief" and "lu beetle".However, he not only does not dislike or resist the values ​​of non-political feudal society, such as ethics, but he obeys them, practices them personally, and even enjoys them. For example, he wrote to his mother, Mrs. Wang, in the twenty-third chapter, he came back from the outside, went in to see Mrs. Wang, but said a few words politely, then ordered someone to remove his forehead, take off his robe, and pull up his boots. , and rolled his head into Mrs. Wang's arms, and Mrs. Wang rubbed him with her hands all over her body and face, and Baoyu also moved Mrs. Wang's neck to gossip? ?This is such a warm picture of mother and child cuddling.Of course, Jia Huan deliberately pushed down the oil lamp and tried to burn Baoyu's eyes blindly.Apart from other long-term and near-term reasons for Jia Huan's murder, one of the factors is that Jia Huan suffers from skin hunger and thirst. Mrs. Wang would not caress him. Big Capital held him tight, but he didn't know how to caress him.It is written in the book that Jia Huan played Go with Xiangling, Yinger, etc. at Xue Baochai's side. He lost, cried, and returned to Aunt Zhao's house—it was the first time Aunt Zhao appeared on the stage—she met Jia Huan , what kind of performance, remember?Instead of caressing and caressing her son, she said straight to the face: "Where is the bed again?" Therefore, children who have never been caressed by their parents will suffer from a kind of skin hunger and thirst. Envious and jealous of those children who are caressed by their parents, Jia Huan has poor conduct, so he turned that jealousy into a murderous act.It is written in the book that even under such circumstances, Jia Baoyu still covered up the evil deeds for Jia Huan, saying that if Jia's mother asked, she would tell him that he accidentally burned it himself.In the twentieth chapter, the book simply stated that Jia Baoyu had a rule in his heart: among his father, uncles and brothers, Confucius was the first person in ancient times to say it, so you can't be disobedient, you have to listen to his words.It can be seen that what Baoyu opposed was only reading imperial examinations and being an official and engaging in politics. As for the ethical concept that constituted a very important part of the feudal ideology, he agreed and followed suit. Jia Baoyu was afraid of his father, and was especially afraid that Jia Zheng would force him to study and meet political bureaucrats like Jia Yucun. He hated his father, and completely opposed his father.His father's beating was not caused by an act of resistance. As I have already analyzed, there were very specific triggers for that incident, and there was some kind of chance in it; The inevitability of "the double hanging sun and the moon illuminate the universe".In the fifty-second chapter, it is written that Baoyu goes out to the house of his uncle Wang Ziteng.He rode on a horse and was escorted by ten servants, big and small.At that time, there were two ways to get out of the mansion, one was to pass through Jia Zheng's study. At that time, Jia Zheng was not at home on a business trip, but Baoyu insisted that passing through Jia Zheng's study had to get off his horse.The servant Zhou Rui said that the master is not at home and the study is locked every day, so you don't have to come down, but Baoyu said that even though it is locked, you have to come down.Later they took another route, not passing through Jia Zheng's study, so Baoyu didn't dismount.What does such a cutscene indicate?Why did Cao Xueqin write it?In my opinion, he just wanted to portray the image of Jia Baoyu very accurately. Baoyu can't be labeled as an anti-feudal in a simple and general way, as some commentators today have summarized. The fifty-fourth chapter is about the Lantern Festival banquet in Rongguo Mansion. Jia Zhen and Jia Lian joined hands to toast Jia Mu and knelt down in front of Jia Mu's bed. When all the brothers present saw them kneeling, they all hurriedly knelt down. At this time, Cao Xueqin Write Baoyu also knelt down, do you remember such details?Cao Xueqin also wrote that Shi Xiangyun laughed at him at the time, meaning what are you doing for fun?Because we all know that Baoyu is the most favored in front of Jia Mu all day long, and he can be an exception in terms of etiquette.But Cao Xueqin wrote clearly that Baoyu did not disobey the etiquette of the feudal big family, not only did he not disobey, but he also took the initiative to strictly demand himself. No more examples.What am I trying to illustrate based on these examples?It shows that in order to grasp Jia Baoyu's personality, it doesn't make sense to put an anti-feudal label on it.His most prominent personality traits actually need to be explained from another angle. He is indeed the kind of weirdo that Jia Yucun demonstrated.His rebellion against the mainstream values ​​of the society at that time was not reflected in his anti-parents and anti-feudal order, but in his interest in and care for non-mainstream marginalized people. For the character of Qin Zhong, I always feel that his life prototype may not have much to do with the prototypes of Qin Keqing and Qin Ye.In real life, this person may be just a poor relative from another family who once went to Cao's private school to study. In the novel, Cao Xueqin designed him as Qin Ye's own son and Qin Keqing's younger brother by name.Whether in life or in novels, this is a marginalized person in society. Judging by the orthodox value standard of that society, he should be said to be a boring person, an absurd person.But Baoyu met Qin Zhong for the first time, what do you think Cao Xueqin wrote?He was obsessed with Baoyu for a long time, thinking to himself, there are such people in the world!Now it seems that I have become a muddy pig and a mangy dog. I hate why I was born in this Duke's family. If I was also born in a poor family and a poor eunuch, I would have made friends with him long ago, and my life would not be in vain. Even though he is more noble than him, we know that the beautiful gauze is just to wrap my dead wood, and the lamb with wine is just to fill my dung pit and mud ditch. ——Don't read these words hastily, I think it is very important, this is the inner monologue that truly reveals Jia Baoyu's personality.In front of people on the fringes of society, he, a prince of the Hou family who was in the center of society, actually came up with such thoughts. Facing the children of the common people at the bottom, can you think so and have such emotions?This is not a political opinion, but isn't this kind of thought and emotion more positive than some political opinions?If more people can look down, criticize themselves, and take the initiative to be friendly with the lower class, is it possible that society will not be able to become harmonious?There is no need to label this kind of thinking and behavior, and it is difficult to find a ready-made label. The thinking and emotion Cao Xueqin declared through Jia Baoyu is really great, with the power to penetrate the times and radiate eternal brilliance. Qin Zhong was written to death by Cao Xueqin in Chapter 16—I think it was quite sloppy.Before Qin Zhong died, he also said that he regretted looking down on ordinary people in the past and advised Baoyu to return to the road of seeking fame and fame, which disappointed us.But on the whole, Qin Zhong was a willful person when he was alive. He lived for love and died for love. The words of repentance can be understood as the voice of the heart that has been suppressed, destroyed and distorted by society.The name of this character is homophonic in the sound of "love seed". This passionate seed should have a prototype.But after sixteen chapters, this person seems to be gradually forgotten by the author, by Jia Baoyu, and by the readers of the novel.However, by the forty-fourth chapter, Liu Xianglian, who is more of a marginalized person, appeared in the book, and Jia Baoyu's relationship with him was the same as that of Jiang Yuhan.Although Jiang Yuhan was regarded as a sweet potato by King Zhongshun and King Beijing, both sides fought hard, neither gave up and competed for this person, but Jiang Yuhan was an actor, and he was actually a marginalized person in society. The princes regarded him as a beloved However, Jia Baoyu interacted with him on an equal footing.And Liu Xianglian is an odd number, even more strange, he can act in plays, but he is not an actor, he was born in a family, but has been ruined, he plays guns and swords, gambles and eats wine, sleeps flowers and willows, plays flute and zither, and does everything. I hit it off with him again.Suddenly, this time it was written that Baoyu and Liu Xianglian met in Lai family. When they met, what was the first sentence?Do you remember?Have you noticed?Baoyu asked Liu Xianglian if she had been to Qin Zhong's grave in a few days?Liu Xianglian told him that she went there and found that it was a little out of shape, so she paid for it to be repaired.The author has not forgotten Qin Zhong, Baoyu has not forgotten Qin Zhong, can we forget Qin Zhong casually?What kind of message is the author conveying by writing this?I think we must understand that one of the most important factors in Baoyu's personality is that he likes some marginalized people in society, and these marginalized people also like him.He felt that people like Qin Zhong, Jiang Yuhan, and Liu Xianglian, whose souls were not polluted by real politics, could be said to have spring water and real gold in associating with these kind-hearted people.What these people valued him was also because of this, they were sympathetic and happy together.Baoyu is in the center of society, in a noble family, as a noble son, but he marginalizes himself from the heart, this is really weird! Baoyu was beaten by his father because of Jiang Yuhan.Jia Zheng beat him because he hated him for causing trouble to his family, out of political considerations, Jia Zheng is a political animal.Of course, Jia Zheng beat Baoyu because of Jia Huan's "hands, feet, and tongue" and told him that he had tried to rape his mother and maidservant. ——But even if Jia Zheng beat Baoyu to death, he still didn't understand Jia Baoyu.After Baoyu was beaten, Xue Baochai came to visit Baoyu with pills to treat the sores. For the first time, she couldn't help showing infinite love, and said, "I have heard a word from people earlier, and it is not today."She still didn't quite understand Baoyu, and Baoyu's beating had nothing to do with her usual persuasion of Baoyu to study and improve himself.After all, Lin Daiyu knew Baoyu's heart best, she said to Baoyu sobbingly, you have changed from now on!She knew that Baoyu liked to associate with those people on the fringes of society. At this time, Baoyu sighed and said, don't worry, don't say such things, and she is willing to die for these people!I think this sentence is very, very important. Before talking about Jia Baoyu's love for young women, I spent so much energy analyzing his special feelings for the marginalized men among men, which I thought was necessary.This is also part of the content that many readers tend to ignore.Some readers are interested in such a question, that is, do Jia Baoyu have a homosexual relationship with people like Qin Zhong, Jiang Yuhan, and Liu Xianglian?Analyzing Jia Baoyu's close relationship with these people, especially Qin Zhong, from the perspective of homosexuality is also an acceptable academic perspective. I have no objection. Moreover, my reading experience is that there is indeed some homosexual flavor between them. .But I mainly understand them from the perspective of people on the margins of society. They all belong to the kind of people who are endowed with natural instincts after the fight between good and evil is set off.Through the description of Jia Baoyu and these characters, Cao Xueqin reminds us to pay attention to this group of heterogeneous human beings. He calls on us to understand, forgive, tolerate and even affirm their unique existence value, which is a very high-level thought.This kind of thinking was so clearly put forward more than two hundred years ago, and it constitutes a dazzling spot in our Chinese culture and civilization. Of course, Jia Baoyu’s deepest impression on readers is his special feelings towards young women, and his declaration: Daughters are flesh and blood made of water, men are flesh and blood made of mud. When I see my daughter, I feel refreshed. , When I saw a man, I felt foul and smelly!This kind of feeling is connected with the above-mentioned analysis of his emphasis on marginalized people in society.Because the feudal society at that time was a patriarchal society, women were suppressed as a whole and were on the edge of the patriarchal society.However, Jia Baoyu's concept of "daughters are flesh and blood" is to divide the women in that society in detail.For example, in Chapter 59, Chunyan, the second-class girl in Yihongyuan, told Yinger that Baoyu had said that. He said that a girl is a priceless jewel when she is not married. The bad thing is that although it is a bead, it does not have the brilliance and color. It is an old bead, and no matter how old it is, it becomes not a bead, but fish eyes.Knowing a person, how can he change into three things?Some readers took it superficially, saying that Baoyu thought that women would lose their beauty as they got older.There may be such factors in it, but the core of Baoyu's point of view is that he hates the mainstream concept of the patriarchal society.In that era, young women were on the fringes of society. They were imprisoned in deep boudoirs, and they were not allowed to step out of the second door easily. But because of this, they were relatively less polluted by politics, and their souls were as refreshing as water.Cao Xueqin directly wrote his point of view in the whole book. He said that he suddenly thought of all the women of that day, and after careful examination one by one, he felt that their behavior and knowledge were all above mine. He also said that in the boudoir There are people in Lili, and you must not protect yourself because of my unworthiness, and make them disappear together.He portrayed Jia Baoyu, and reflected his feelings through Baoyu's appreciation and care for the young women in the boudoir. Daughters in the boudoir are perishable in youth, and when they reach a certain age, their parents will arrange marriages and arrange for them to marry.Once married, it is inevitable to be assimilated by a husband who is keen on official career and economics. Even those married servants who were born as maids participated in the management of noble mansions, and they began to deteriorate.In the seventy-seventh chapter, Baoyu saw Zhou Rui's family take out chess players with a fierce look, and said that they could play chess now. Baoyu hated them only to stare at them, and when they were gone, he pointed at Zhou Rui's back and said angrily: "It's strange, it's strange, why do these people just marry a man, get a man's smell, and become a fool like this, they are more deadly than men!" He said it was strange, but in fact he still understood it in his heart, so it was not surprising.At this time, the book continued to write, the woman who guarded the garden gate heard it was funny, so she asked him, in this way, all the daughters are good, and all the women are bad?Baoyu nodded and said, yes!good!The women wanted to ask him again, saying that there was still a sentence that we were confused about, so I would like to ask—what is interesting is that Cao Xueqin did not go on to write what they were asking and how Baoyu answered it. Instead, it was truncated with another more tense plot.I don't know if the red fans have thought about it, but the women feel that there is another sentence Baoyu said that is confusing, and want to ask again? In fact, if the woman guarding the garden gate wants to ask, she can get the information from Chapter 71.On that occasion, when Jiamu celebrated her birthday, the fourth sister and Xiluan came from relatives. They were two little girls. They heard Youshi say Baoyu: Everyone is like you. They joked, they ate when they were hungry, and slept when they were sleepy. After a few years, it was still the same, and they didn’t care about the future. How did Baoyu answer? He said, I can live with my sisters day by day, and die It's over, what's the matter!So everyone laughed at Baoyu's stupidity, and Li Wan laughed and said, even if you are a worthless person and stay here forever, don't all the sisters go out?"Going out" here means to get married.Afterwards, Xiluan approached him very innocently, saying, Second Brother, when all the sisters here are out of the court, I will come to accompany you.Li Wan and the others laughed at her again, saying that you won't go out in the future?And the above-mentioned women guarding the garden wanted to ask Baoyu such a question: Is it true that the daughter in the boudoir will never marry? The daughter in the boudoir, in the end, has to go out, leave the court, get married, and marry a man, she will be contaminated with the man's turbidity.What kind of turbidity?Fighting for power and profit in officialdom, fighting for money and profit in shopping malls, and fighting for fame and profit in Vanity Fair.As a result, these daughters have deteriorated, turning into dead beads and fish eyes.Jia Baoyu hopes that his daughters will stay young forever, never get married, never be polluted, and always be refreshed. This is actually impossible, but he pursues it so stubbornly, pursuing flowers that never bloom and are always fresh and fragrant. flower. This kind of pursuit, the final result is definitely disillusionment.But before being destroyed, Baoyu seized every opportunity to appreciate and care for the flowers of youth, to serve and serve them, willing to sacrifice for them, even turning ashes and smoke.Jia Baoyu's worship of young women is actually Cao Xueqin's worship of young women. In that era and in that society, this was really shocking.Even today, from a global perspective, from the perspective of the entire human race, this point of view that especially values ​​the life value of young women is very novel, right? A fan friend discussed with me, saying that both Wang Xifeng and Li Wan were married, so didn't Baoyu treat them well?Shouldn't they be treated equally with Dai, Chai, Xiang, Ying, Tan, and Xi? ——In Baoyu's eyes, compared with other women who "married a man", they may indeed be exceptional.However, if you read it carefully, you will find that he wrote about Wang Xifeng getting married and running a family. With power in her hands, she loses her pure and dirty side. He admires her talent, but exposes and criticizes her. He will do nothing but rely on his talents.Some red scholars think that Li Wan is a character without flaws in Cao Xueqin's works, but it is actually quite different. About her flaws, I will reveal them later. In fact, Jia Baoyu is so good with Dai, Chai, Xiang and other masters and sisters, even from the most mundane point of view, it is not difficult to explain, but his puzzling thing is explained by Jia Baoyu in the seventy-eighth chapter. Mother clicked out.Remember what Mother Jia said?She said, I know that Baoyu will never listen to his wives and concubines in the future. Difficult to understand!I'm also worried about this, every time I look at him coldly and only quarrel with the girls, it must be because the National People's Congress has a big heart and knows about men and women, so I love to get close to them, after careful investigation, it's not because of this, isn't it strange?It must be a girl who was wrongly reincarnated? Baoyu is good to the girls, Jiamu is hard to understand, do you understand? Cao Xueqin explained Jia Baoyu's feelings through an immortal.Who is that fairy?It is the Jinghuan Fairy in the Illusory Realm, who put forward a concept to explain Baoyu's special personality.This concept is "obscenity". The term "obscenity" created by Cao Xueqin has been misunderstood and misunderstood because of the word "obscenity" in it.Now some people write articles and regard it as an absolutely derogatory term, interpreting it as "obscene in consciousness", or even "having intercourse with someone they like in consciousness", and whoever says "obscenity" is criticizing Whoever has a bad mind is obscene and depraved.Understanding "obscenity" in this way absolutely distorts Cao Xueqin's original intention.This concept was solemnly proposed by Cao Xueqin at the end of the fifth chapter through Jing Huan Xiangu.It is recommended that you read the relevant texts carefully. Fairy Jing Huan said to Jia Baoyu: "The one I love you is the most prostitute in the world." Parents blame, how dare to use the word "prostitution" again, I am young, I don't know what the word "prostitution" is.At this time, Fairy Jing Huan gave a definition to "sexual obscenity". She said that although obscenity is the same, the meaning is different. Like the world's obscene people, they only have good looks, like singing and dancing, and never get tired of teasing. I wish I could have all the beauties in the world for me to enjoy for a while, they are all skin-promiscuous fools; as for Jia Baoyu, she thinks he is not like this, but refined, he is promiscuous beyond the skin, she said , If you are born with an infatuation, we - that is, all the fairies in the fairy world - regard this infatuation as lust. "Pushing it" means admiring it, fully affirming it, it can be seen that "obscenity" is defined as a positive concept here, a quality that is not possessed by ordinary people, it is Jia Baoyu's talent and personality, a very A commendable advantage.So, what kind of attitude is it to have no thoughts of skin promiscuity and no frivolity and obscenity towards young women?警幻仙姑进一步说，意淫二字，惟心会而不可口传，可神通而不可语达，汝今独得此二字，在闺阁中，固可为良友，然于世道中未免迂阔怪诡，百口嘲谤，万目睚眦。确实，这两个字眼，我在这里引用，都有心理障碍，毕竟有些听我讲座，读我文章的，还是些少男少女啊，现在我却告诉大家，这两个字眼，竟然是个正面的概念，在曹雪芹笔下，它是个褒义词，我也担心会有人认为我心术不正，误人子弟，嘲谤睚眦。但是，毕竟曹雪芹就是这么个意思。你看他后面写贾瑞，癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉，两次被王熙凤耍弄，还不死心，后来得到风月宝鉴，人家跟他说一定要反照，他非要正照，跑到镜子里去皮肤滥淫，最后死掉——他那个正照风月宝鉴的意识行为，曹雪芹使用了“意淫”的字眼吗？你去细翻翻，细查查，各种版本都查查，没有。曹雪芹的“意淫”不是那样的意思，你怎么能误读误引，非用这两个字来表达类似贾瑞那样的意识行为呢？尽管“意淫”这两个字有一定的敏感性，但是要把曹雪芹塑造的贾宝玉这个艺术形象读懂读通，这个字眼是绕不过去的。 第五回最后，就在警幻仙姑提出了“意淫”这个概念后，她就把乳名兼美字可卿的妹妹介绍给了贾宝玉，使他初尝男欢女爱的滋味。有的年轻读者对这一笔很不理解，说这不是流氓教唆吗？我个人认为，曹雪芹安排这样一笔，是有其用意的，他通过这样的梦中经历，传达给读者一个明确的信息，就是贾宝玉这个男子，在故事发展到那个阶段的时候，他的心性都成熟了。这一笔非常重要。否则，会有人对以后他在女儿群里厮混产生另样的理解，比如贾母因为参不透他为什么跟丫头们那样好，就一度怀疑他是不是男儿身、女儿性，用今天的术语来说，就是他是否是个双性人？有位红迷朋友就跟我说，因为是私下里讨论，他很坦率，不避讳，他就说，也许是被某些绘画、戏曲、影视里头的贾宝玉造型影响，特别是不少戏剧影视，总让女演员来扮演贾宝玉，这就让他总觉得贾宝玉不像个男人，有些女里女气。或者说他也许是个中性人，要么是双性人，他跟那些小姐、丫头们在一起，似乎没有什么性别意识。因此，说贾宝玉对待女性的观念态度如何具有进步性、超前性，他不大赞同。他认为，可能贾宝玉自己在性别认同上有偏差，所以跟青春女性混在一起时，误以为大家是一回事儿。 曹雪芹可能是生怕读者误会，他还特意写了宝玉梦遗，紧跟着又写他和袭人偷试云雨情，就是要告诉读者，尽管宝玉还小，但他是个正牌男人，生理上健康，发育正常。这个前提是非常要紧的。否则，意淫可能要被误解为他性无能，因此只能在意识里去淫乱。 脂砚斋在批语里把警幻仙姑提出的概念进一步简化，她说，按宝玉一生心性，只不过“体贴”二字，故为“意淫”。也就是说，宝玉的这个人格特点，其实就是对青春女性格外体贴，全身心地体贴。 小说里写宝玉对青春女性的全身心体贴，例子太多，最突出的，是第四十四回中的“喜出望外平儿理妆”和第六十二回的“呆香菱情解石榴裙”。这两段故事大家很熟悉，我不必再讲述一遍。我只是提醒大家，要注意曹雪芹除了写贾宝玉亲自为平儿拈取玉簪花棒等化妆品，剪鲜花为她簪在鬓上，又为她熨衣、洗帕等等行为，还特别写到他的心理活动，说他因自来从未在平儿前尽过心，而平儿是个极聪明极清俊的上等女孩儿，比不得那些俗蠢拙物，深为恨怨，没想到一场风波以后，竟能在平儿前稍尽片心，这让他心内怡然自得，歪在床上，越想越欣慰。这些想法，也许还比较肤浅，下面他接着想，就想到贾琏惟知以淫乐悦己，并不知作养脂粉——作养在这里是像培养花儿般那么去呵护的意思；又想到平儿并无父母兄弟，独自一人，供应贾琏夫妇二人，贾琏之俗，凤姐之威，她竟能周全妥帖，也真不容易，想到这里，不觉洒然泪下，趁别人不注意，他索性尽力落了几点痛泪。这就是宝玉的“意淫”，也就是脂砚斋换的那个我们更能接受的说法，“体贴”。这种情怀的具体呈现，里面哪有丝毫皮肤滥淫的邪意，哪有正照风月宝鉴的下流心思，这是一个生命对另一个生命的极度尊重与关怀。尤其是，贾宝玉是一个正常的男人，他不是不懂得性，不是性无能，可是面对平儿这样一个聪明清俊的美丽姑娘，他所思所想所叹所伤，却是这样一些内容，这样的人格品质，难道不是纯洁高尚的吗？ 香菱换裙那段情节，你也应该特别注意曹雪芹对宝玉的心理描写。他写宝玉低头心下暗想，可惜这么一个人，没父母，连自己本姓都忘了，被人拐出来，偏又卖了这个霸王。又想，上日平儿的事也是意外想不到的，今日更是意外之意外的事了。所谓意外，就是他平日一直存有对这两位青春女性的爱惜之心，只是没有机会充分表达出来罢了，而两个偶然的情况，竟然使他能像完成行为艺术的创作一样，使他的这种心情在两位女儿面前，有了一次充分而圆满的宣泄。 当然，曹雪芹笔下的贾宝玉，是一个具有复杂性的、血肉丰满鲜活的艺术形象。书中有一回集中展现了贾宝玉人格的五个层面，而且写得那么自然流畅而又跌宕起伏，我个人对此佩服得五体投地。那么，你无妨猜猜，我说的是哪一回？ 但愿我们不谋而合。下一讲见分晓。