Chapter 7 1956 "Jia Guixiang"

Genre: Poetry Author: Shao Yanxiang Original publication: "People's Daily" Published: November 29, 1956 Contemporary writers are often accompanied by historical paradoxes and stormy life. Shao Yanxiang, who wrote poetry at a young age and became famous at an early age, is a reincarnation in his sixties, and he is also walking with joyful and miserable times. In "Love Songs Dedicated to History: Postscript" (People's Literature Publishing House, 1980), Shao Yanxiang wrote: "If I have a preference for my own poems, it is "Jia Guixiang" in November 1956. This The poem is not deep enough, and there are still some distortions, but it is indeed the blood that flows from my veins, sincere blood. The bones of the deceased mourned in the poem should have been turned into dust and mud for more than 20 years Well, but this poem has gone through criticism after criticism with me in the late 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s."

The "preference" here does not mean how profound the poem is in thought or how superb in art, but refers to the first drop of sincere blood flowing from the poet's veins.For just this drop of blood, Shao Yanxiang was severely criticized in that era when "sobriety" was not allowed, but he also left a page in the history of contemporary literature because of his throbbing soul. The poem was written on November 17, 1956.It was published in People's Daily twelve days later.For the origin of the poem, see an "attached white" at the end of the article: Jia Guixiang, a young female worker at the Jiamusi Horticulture Demonstration Farm, couldn't bear the siege of subjectivists and bureaucrats, and committed suicide on July 27. "Heilongjiang Daily" reporter Wang Ge wrote an investigation report, which was published in "Heilongjiang Daily" on October 11.The heart of reading is thumping, because writing this poem appeals: no second Jia Guixiang is allowed!

In the poet's writing, Jia Guixiang is a "white cloud in the sky floating like a scarf, and a happy girl walking on the ground", a member of the Communist Youth League and a production team leader. In front of her, "life is wider than this wilderness, and fantasy is wider than this road. broad".However, just because the master "Uncle Kong" drove her home after the meeting at night as if he cared about his daughter, and because he worked overtime and had no time to take care of housework, "the relationship between the master and the student is not normal" and "the relationship between the master and the student is not normal". Don’t cook for your lover” and other rumors about the old ethics, the Youth League branch asked her to write a thought review, complained to her superiors and was beaten back, and she was ordered to carry a big basket when she was pregnant... Outdated concepts, subjective arbitrariness, bureaucracy Jia Guixiang's style of work and the group violence of "the wall collapses and the crowd pushes it" forced Jia Guixiang to a dead end.The poet asked indignantly:

tell me, answer me: how What kind of hand killed Jia Guixiang! ? He Qifang wrote a little poem titled "A Garland on a Small Grave" back then: "You have tears of a girl like pearls / often shed sorrow without a name / you have days so beautiful that you are sad / you have days A More Beautiful Death" (September 1932).In the early spring of New China, Shao Yanxiang could not help expressing his objection to Jia Guixiang's death: "I can't bear to make this last stroke/China shouldn't have such an early death." Shao Yanxiang was the deputy head of the internal industry group of the Central People's Broadcasting Station.The poet said to himself: "The news work I am engaged in makes me have to face the urgent theme of the moment." ("To Comrades: Postscript", 1956) Like all young people of that era, he devoted himself to his new life and sang New things, wrote "Going to the Distance", "China's Roads Call for Cars", "On the Highway at Night", "We Erected This Ultra-High Voltage Transmission Line", "On the Dahuofang Reservoir Construction Site", etc. Poems that resonate with the times and are in tune with youth have become repertoires in many recitals.The poet said to his young friends: As Liu Hulan's peers, "You have to sing the songs she has not finished / You have to walk the journey she has not completed".The core image in Shao Yanxiang's poems is "far away". "Distance" is not only the poet's unique way of imagining the world, but also the universal cultural psychology of that era.

"Jia Guixiang" has become an exception for the poet "to face the urgent theme of the moment".It is the reason for the poet to face life directly.In a storm, but because of this poem, plus the sentence "Khrushchev is too rough", and the so-called "collection of dark side materials", etc., September 3, 1957 was designated as "Rightists".Therefore, "Jia Guixiang" was listed as a raid. The one with the highest tone of criticism and the most ruthless writing is Hong Yonggu's article "The Misguided Path of Shao Yanxiang's Creation" (Poetry Magazine, No. 3, 1958).The article reprimands:

In the poem "Jia Guixiang", the author shoots even more vicious bullets.Under the guise of attacking bureaucracy, he actually described the grassroots organization of our party group as a dark mass, pouring out his deep hatred for the socialist system. The author not only viciously distorts the relationship between people in the new society, everything is deformed, sick, and dark;For example, Jia Guixiang went to the director Wang Lu (Note: there is no name "Wang Lu" in the poem), but "only the director is allowed to criticize", "does not listen to Xiao Jia's situation", "the director took the table down "Mountain ringing", she was reprimanded by the field director, and when she went to her superior, she was "stopped by the regiment secretary on the threshold" until Jia Guixiang was tortured to death.The author described our grassroots party organization as hell, Shao Yanxiang did not stop there, he further issued a reactionary clamor against our socialist system: "Tell me, answer me, what kind of hand killed Jia Guixiang?" Here, the author stands on the reactionary bourgeois standpoint, and his emotional thoughts are really obvious, and he does not pretend to be self-confident.

Apparently, the critics are confused, using reversed logic: those directly and indirectly responsible for Jia Guixiang’s death are all innocent; poets who expose and criticize the dark side of real life are reactionary.Now that history has turned a page, there is no need to be harsh on the critics who used to write, because literary criticism at that time was soaked in an extremely abnormal atmosphere: taking out of context, focusing on the outline, attacking one point, not the rest, Only state officials are allowed to set fires, and the common people are not allowed to light lamps. Literary criticism can become a political verdict that "the truth is in hand" at any time.Shao Yanxiang had been put into another volume at that time and lost the right to speak. He could only sigh in his heart: "When such an article was published in a national journal, I didn't speak. It's not that I have nothing to say, but that I have been placed in the Deprived of the seat of the defendant who has the right to make a defense." ("Dushu" No. 4, 1980)

As a passionate young man and an idealist, Shao Yanxiang was thrown into the purgatory of "thought reform" once he was convicted of poetry.He endured the spiritual torment between active and passive, and also had a split personality: on the one hand, in order to get rid of the "status of the defendant", he constantly reviewed himself, distorted himself, and worked hard to "reform his mind" and strive for an early return. Come to the "revolutionary team" and be "used" by the society; on the other hand, I feel dissatisfied: "I am also a revolutionist, and you are also a revolutionist. Why do you have the right to dispose of me, and I have no room for defense?"" I am also a human being, raised by my parents just like you, and born with the fundamental right to be a human being, why do you deprive me of my rights and make me humiliately submit to orders?" ("Looking for Soul", Guangxi Normal University Press, 2004 ) in the struggle between "taming tools" and moral conscience, the pain can be imagined.This kind of pain did not happen to Shao Yanxiang alone. Many writers with a similar fate have experienced the transformation of their entire personality and even lost their conscience.They became nameless martyrs of politics, senseless victims of literature.

This fatality continued into the 1960s and early 1970s. "Jia Guixiang" is still an old account that has to be settled.At a criticism meeting on July 10, 1969, there was such a brief record: Shao's "Jia Guixiang", a bloody accusation.It is equivalent to saying that the root of bureaucracy is the socialist system.Among Shao's poems, this is the most emotional one.Which class's feelings were touched?Which society was sued? "Criticisms at the meeting form a net" refers to criticisms made out of nothing, "people's words are terrifying." The description of the entire social environment, such as pregnancy or carrying the basket, is not only a matter of bureaucracy.Let her check everyone from the people around to the Youth League branch.field length.League branch secretary.It was so dark, so cruel.No one cares about her like her lover does.Author's Attitude: Complaint.

It is the most popular material to get the imperial revision and anti-country, Hong Kong and Taiwan. ...Shao desperately tore off his own skin, jumped out, and formed accomplices with the rightists in society, cooperated and supported each other...and felt that the cooperation was not enough.I feel that fanning the flames is not enough. "Jia" concluded that the socialist system and the Communist Party killed Jia Guixiang.Tian Han only pleaded for the actor's youth, and Shao used "Jia" to sue.Exceptional and capable go-getters.The cooperation is very tight, understanding and tacit understanding.Shao.Deng Tuo.Wang Shiwei.

(Shao Yanxiang: "Life's Mistakes--A Record of the Struggles of a Destroyer", Henan People's Publishing House, 1997) "Jia Guixiang" marks a turning point in the poet's mission and creation direction.Later, when Shao Yanxiang edited his anthology, for 18 years from 1959 to 1977, none of his poems were selected.He wrote: "When you find a gap in the chronological sequence, the gap is also a silent speech, telling a piece of history." ("Shao Yanxiang Poems Preface", Baihua Literature and Art Publishing House, 1994) In "Fifty Strings" written in the early 1990s, Shao Yanxiang claimed that "spring and summer are all lost to the years in exchange for a failed life".However, success or failure must be judged by history after all.In fact, "Jia Guixiang" has been reaffirmed since the 1980s. For example, Wang Guangming believes that this poem "reflects the blood of a realist poet" and "a sign of maturity on the road of life" ("Looking for New Poems" Myself", "Literary Review" No. 1, 1983), Miao Yushi confirmed that this poem is "a poet's song of justice in which the poet sincerely sees reality" ("A Poet's Journey Who Constantly Searches for the Soul", "Poetry Exploration" theory Volume 2, 2007).More importantly, Shao Yanxiang, like many responsible and thoughtful intellectuals, not only has deep reflections, but also shifts his reference to tomorrow: "Time, time will not go back/Life can start again/Don't say lost Many, many / My partner, my friend -- / Tomorrow will be longer than yesterday!" ("If Life Begins Again") He created his own second youth, soberly examines both himself and himself, With a large number of poems and essays, he continues to write the spiritual "Hundreds of Worry and Joy" dedicated to history, which constitutes another spiritual note of contemporary intellectuals. (written by Yang Kuanghan) Shao Yanxiang: "To the Distance", New Literature and Art Publishing House, 1955 Edition "Looking for the Soul - Shao Yanxiang's Private Dossier", Guangxi Normal University Press, 2004 edition Shao Yanxiang: "Hundreds of Worry and Joy", Writer's Publishing House, 1986 Edition "Shao Yanxiang Poetry Creation Symposium Selected Papers", "Poetry Exploration" Theoretical Volume 2007 Second Series "I'm Still Trekking Hard—Niu Han's Self-narrative", Life·Reading·New Knowledge Joint Publishing 2008 Edition Yang Kuanghan: "History of Contemporary Emotions", "Literary Review Series", 1983