Chapter 39 Section 3 The Modern Spiritual Appeal of "Human" in Literary Works

Literature is the study of human beings, not only because literature expresses "people" in terms of politics, economy, culture, ethics, morals, etc., but also through the throbbing of "people" in the depths of their characters, it potentially tracks the development of the entire nation. Spiritual transformation.Balzac was praised as the "secretary" of French society, Tolstoy was hailed as the "conscience" of the Russian nation, and Lu Xun was directly called "the soul of the nation" precisely because of their respect for "people". The deepest creation.The novels of the past 30 years have also carried out and realized the great project of "recasting the soul of the nation" through the unique pedigree of characters, through their spiritual struggle and transformation in different fates and encounters, and based on the "human" " "Modernization" form persists.

The so-called "modernization" concept originally emerged in the 1920s, but it was not recognized in the field of sociology until the 1960s.Generally speaking, it often refers to the process of historical change at different levels of society driven by scientific and technological progress and based on industrialization as the forerunner and premise.It not only marks a substantial increase in the level of productivity, rapid economic development, and a huge increase in material wealth, it is also accompanied by changes in production methods, reorganization of social structures, and renewal of values.But this change is firstly reflected in the changes in the roles and functions of individuals in the state system and political, social, and cultural systems. (18) Many developing countries that are committed to realizing modernization, after experiencing long-term pains and difficult births of modernization, have gradually realized that when the people are still firmly locked in traditional consciousness, they have not changed their minds, thoughts, attitudes, When values ​​and behaviors undergo a transition to modernization, it will not only constitute a serious obstacle to economic and social development, but also, no matter how perfect the modern system and management methods, no matter how advanced the technology is, it will also be defeated by a group of traditional people. Hands turned into a pile of waste paper. (19) Therefore, the modernization of human beings has become the prerequisite and urgent task of the modernization of developing countries.

When talking about how people modernize, Inkels put forward various characteristics of "modern people", which mainly include: being ready and willing to accept new ideas and concepts that have not been experienced before, new behaviors, adapting to various reforms and changes in society Change; be broad-minded, open-minded, and respect and seriously consider different opinions from all sides; not bound by prejudices, not following traditions, dare to challenge traditional wisdom and educational content, have a strong sense of personal efficacy, and have a positive impact on people and society Confidence in ability, and so on. (20) On the one hand, Xie Sizhong borrowed these theories of modern human quality based on industrial civilization; China is the coordinate and puts forward the "personality qualities necessary for modern people", which are: independent personality, subject consciousness, individual liberation, self-realization, personal dignity, tolerance, freedom, equality, democracy, rule of law, etc. Five spirits and human rights and civic awareness and so on.Judging from these discussions, we believe that human modernization mainly refers to the transformation of human spirit. It originates from industrial civilization but is not limited to industrial civilization. The transformation of the status and situation, the discovery and recasting of people, the pursuit of harmony between people and others, the creativity of people and the confidence in the future, etc.The difference between it and the "power" of the nation is that it pays more attention to the dynamic process of "humanization", and it also improves the "power" of the nation in the changing times.

Among the many character pedigrees, the aforementioned novels are added to "The Gate of the Holy Heaven", "Peach and Plum", "Water and Milky Earth", "Shou Huo", "Ingrid", "Light of the City", "Green Fox", "Fate Canyon", "Pear Blossom" Works such as Snowy, Wuerhe, Machine, Barefoot Doctor Wanquanhe, and The Age of No Land mainly choose the images of peasants, women, reformers, and intellectuals as the main body and foundation of the nation. Go deep into the inner character, their difficult transformation in the real situation and the gray area of ​​their soul, dig out the modern nature of our nation, find a modern way to recast the national soul, and improve the self-renewal of the Chinese nation from a spiritual level.

As my country has always emphasized, as a large agricultural country, more than 80% of the people are native-born farmers. To some extent, the modernization of the Chinese nation is the modernization of farmers.At the same time, due to the influence of long-term self-sufficient small-scale production methods, farmers have formed a deep-rooted and ocean-like small-scale peasant consciousness. Yuan Yinchuan pointed out brilliantly in his book "Small Peasant Consciousness and China's Modernization" that this small-scale peasant consciousness is mainly manifested in The cultural psychology and authoritative psychology of non-subjectivity, narrow paranoia, closedness and conservatism, resignation, lack of progress, fear of competition, and prevalent superstition.It "confines people's minds to a very small range, becomes a taming tool of superstition, and becomes a slave to traditional rules, without showing any greatness and any historical initiative." (22) It even becomes the "collective unconsciousness" of farmers.However, in the overall process of China's modernization, due to factors such as political movements, changes in life, educational reforms, scientific and technological progress, competition for survival, leaving the land to enter the city, etc., farmers are also consciously or forced to carry out values, cultural psychology, and spiritual development. drastic changes in orientation, life consciousness, etc.These novels examine the difficulties, twists and turns and costs of Chinese farmers' modernization from multiple aspects.For example, Chunyi and Fengying in "The Yellow River Flows East" were originally a pair of distressed couples "washed together by a yellow water". Chunyi is an authentic farmer with a good face. ", the soul is full of old-fashioned traditional concepts; in contrast, Fengying is not only smart, capable, and scheming, but also able to follow the Romans in the city and adapt to the new environment very quickly. With their own huge energy; Zhong Nuannuan finally found the direction of women's development after wading through the despicableness, power, betrayal and attachment that emerged in the economic tide; more importantly, they can follow the concepts and concepts of modern life. Logic rejects the destiny arrangement of "marry a chicken and follow the chicken", breaks the ethical fetters of "divorce", insists on the freedom and independence of the subject, and insists on looking forward to and exploring the future in the conflict between affection and personality.Of course, the price they paid was also huge. The divorce was not only due to differences in personality, but also symbolized that they relied on tradition as the basis of self-modernization, and had to tear tradition as a sign of self-modernization.In the depths of their spirits, this contradiction also hides the fear of being unable to grasp the self, the wandering daze, and the impulse to deny everything.Undoubtedly, this kind of unconscious modernization is complicated and full of risks. Because it cannot “cut off the navel” from the tradition, it may lead to the repetition or even interruption of the modernization of farmers, and make them return to the state before the “transformation”—such as the old man Xu Mao as a land reformer. An activist, the team leader during the cooperative period, under the long-term suppression of the "Left" policy, he became selfish, withdrawn, face-saving, cold-hearted and fragile. Although Yan Shaochun's heart-to-heart persuasion warmed his heart, It made him see the light and "change", but to truly become a fully modernized farmer, he had a long and bumpy road to go; but it undoubtedly gave birth to the basic content and dynamic mechanism of farmers' conscious modernization:

For example, Sun Shaoping and Sun Shaoan brothers, as representatives of peasants consciously modernized in the turmoil of the great era, actually entrust the author's ideal of modern personality design for farmers.Although the author designed the old model of "farmers entering the city" for Sun Shaoping, compared with Xiangzi's "degenerate" ending, Sun Shaoping got rid of the traditional life of "face to the loess and back to the sky" and "wife and children on the kang" for generations. , but also persistently pursue equality with urbanites, have personal dignity, enrich spiritual space with knowledge, have cultural taste, use science and technology to improve the competitiveness and productivity of coal mines, have the ability to control one's own life choices, and be ambitious for self-realization ...Sun Shaoping's tortuous experience from "village to city" symbolizes the "difficulty and pain" of peasant modernization.The author also designed a modern version of the "ugly duckling" model for Sun Shaoan.In the author's opinion, due to their innate small producer background and their extremely broad and profound cultural background, farmers are deeply absorbed in the "land", unable to abandon or change their own rules of life, and even become agricultural civilization themselves. In the face of the unstoppable modernization wave of the whole era, the transformation of the heavily burdened peasants is undoubtedly sharp, violent and cruel, especially when he has to step on the "land" to change his ancient way of life.For example, Sun Shaoan has taken on the burden of life since he was thirteen years old. He cannot change his life pattern by leaving the soil like Sun Shaoping. He can only look for opportunities for self-modernization at the intersection of land and time.Therefore, his spiritual progress is even more sluggish and sluggish. To a certain extent, he must rely on Sun Shaoping, his spiritual mentor.By being a production team leader, pulling bricks, building brick kilns with loans, and investing in building villages to run primary schools, etc., he strives to become a man with independent ideas, unlimited enterprising spirit, constantly creating himself, realizing love through good deeds, and establishing a "human being" with morality. ", a sense of personal efficacy and a strong sense of social ownership and other "new farmers".Following the thinking logic of "the future is bright, the road is tortuous", the author highlights the positive value orientation of "people" through continuous testing, and consciously covers up the negativity of "people".In fact, modernization is always a double-edged sword. When it makes people progress, it often induces people's inertia, devilishness or other negative factors, and makes people pay a heavy price. , The cruel reality behind the ideal mask of Brother Sun Shaoan.

Under the background of reform and opening up, Yue Pengcheng also judged the situation and became a trend-setter of the times.However, he is a "tragic figure" at the intersection of the old and the new: on the one hand, his modernization is engulfed by the tide of the times, and the huge magic power generated by the market economy enables him to fully release his own "power". Complying with the requirements of the times, he embodies "progressiveness". In modern society, he is "resolute in handling affairs, pungent in style, timely in action, decisive in implementing work, highly focused on efficiency, resourceful and decisive, and excellent decision-making ability", ( 23) Ensuring that he possesses sufficient rookie qualities.However, in essence, he did not break free from the shackles of small peasant consciousness. For example, he used "blood and sweat to create a big mulberry garden" as capital, and in terms of power, he showed an autocratic and arbitrary patriarchal style; The reality of indulgence; breaking through the ethical and legal bottom line of the market, and resorting to illegal means of reselling scarce supplies; catering to the leadership vulgarly, breaking with his son coldly, facing the greedy and treacherous interests, especially the lack of a clear and metaphysical life The pursuit of value can’t be separated from this, etc. What makes him stand out is still the spiritual core of the small peasant and the instinctive reaction to modernization. Therefore, after reading it, the old man Chen Huangmei also worriedly said: “In the tide of commodity economy Under the impact of the turmoil, it is necessary to clear away the silt deposited by long-term feudal ideology and prevent the erosion of bourgeois unhealthy winds, otherwise the success will fall short.” (24) Yue Pengcheng rose in the “tide” of modernization, but one of his These anti-modernization qualities may not only hinder the reform, but even destroy its entire foundation. Isn't this the case with Hu Tiancheng in "The Gate of Sheep" and Kuang Kaitian, a modern farmer in "The Gate of Sheep"? !

On the whole, because the key problem of China's modernization lies in the peasants, not only in the large number of them, but also in the fact that the peasants are the most burdened and the focus of the peasants at present, as an American scholar warned: "In underdeveloped countries, Peasants constitute the most basic part of the population and are therefore the primary target of the institutions of change. Development plans can only be realized if a large number of farmers are affected. For a country to modernize, most of them must change their way of life” and spirituality. (25) Therefore, guiding and transforming farmers so that they become the main body of modernization has become a fundamental issue in contemporary China.Today's novels deeply reflect on the modernization path of peasants and its defects. Although the many issues involved in it lack the sharpness and directness of reality, the humanity and underlying spirit embodied in it are indeed worthy of our deep thinking. Of.

Mao Zedong once pointed out that in the feudal society and the old era, women were the most oppressed class. Among them, not only "political power, clan power, divine power, and husband power" became their human shackles, but the "three obediences and four virtues" even made it difficult for them to earn a living. Qualifications.As Meng Yue and Dai Jinhua said in "Floating from the Surface of History", they were overwhelmed by "patriarchy" and became silent, unable to find their own belonging and place in the huge shadow of men.On the rough road of "human → female → female", they are filled with blood, tears and humiliation, such as Xianglinsao, "Mother as a Slave", Sanxiangu, Linghua, Cunni, Meng Lianlian and Zhang from the new era. Jie's "painful idealists" and other women's tragedies emerge in endlessly.Therefore, spiritually, as the "silent majority", they are "repressed and distorted, forming a weak, inferior, narrow and dependent mentality, and losing their spirit of autonomy." (26) However, since 1919, a group of advanced women among women, starting from the "May 4th Movement" and taking the opportunity to save the Chinese nation, have actively devoted themselves to the liberation of women. , "Equality of Education between Men and Women", "Women's Economic Independence", "Freedom of Love and Marriage" and other basic aspects, from the liberation of the body to the unconscious pursuit of the modernization process of spiritual personality independence.Especially since the new era, they have actively devoted themselves to the cause of reform and opening up, bravely pioneered and forged ahead in the market economy, and strived to realize their own life value through social participation; With the pursuit of development and equality, we strive to create a new image of women with "self-esteem, self-confidence, self-reliance, and self-improvement". (27) In nearly thirty years of literary writing, novels have focused on this.

Xu Xiuyun, the fourth girl in "Xu Mao and His Daughters", fell into a desperate situation during the "Cultural Revolution": Zheng Bairu's brutal possession and abuse of her, her father's "disgust" for her, and her sisters' misunderstanding of her , especially her beloved Jin Dongshui's cold rejection of the love she gave her life for, almost became her fatal blow.But after all, she is not a weak woman who is slaughtered by others in the old days. First of all, she has an independent and modern personality consciousness, so she is not afraid of rumors and slanders. Even in isolation, she still firmly stays in Huluba to pursue true love. ;Facing all kinds of destiny obstacles and external oppression, she aroused the fighting courage hidden deep in her spirit; but she is not selfish, revealing Zheng Bairu's true face is by no means self-revenge, in addition to the pursuit of personal happiness , she also has resistance to "Leftist" mistakes and worries about the country's future, she has the pursuit of not succumbing to evil forces and promoting truth, goodness and beauty, she has the strength to be destroyed rather than humiliated, and she has infinite yearning and passion for "new life". The boundless power of longing and its realization, the spiritual thinking of "happiness" beyond "eating, drinking and clothing", and the potential consciousness of trending towards the progressive trend of the times.In the pursuit of "capable and resolute, indomitable" for love, Xu Xiuyun realized the modern transformation from "weak woman" to "strong woman" in spirit.Of course, this transformation is not complete. Deep in the core of her character, there are still attachments to the quality of traditional personality and doubts about the unknown nature of modern personality.

In contrast, Hu Yuyin, the "Fairy of Furong" in the middle school, is more persistent in her pursuit of modern personality.Although she has the same ups and downs in love and destiny setbacks as Xu Xiuyun, what she surpasses the latter is that in the 1960s, she had opened a "rice tofu stall" in Furong Town, which is really a sign of women taking the initiative to enter the economic arena It not only symbolically overthrew the pre-existing statutes of the "female heroine", but also cultivated her shrewdness, enthusiasm, and burning love for life in her heart, which also made her face the "reversal" "At that time, I still dared to pursue the right to love and the right to be a human being.After breaking through the barrier of "birth", Qiu Ling also fully demonstrated a modern femininity: if "singing, dancing, and speaking fluent English and German in front of customers" is just a sign of Qiu Ling's modernization, then, in In the tide of the market economy, in the joint struggle with Yue Pengcheng, Qiuling has developed her own ideas and courage, made suggestions for the big mulberry garden, and acted alone as the reception director, all of which show that rural women are breaking free from the shackles of small peasant consciousness. Modern glamour.Especially Jin Yuelan, as a laid-off female worker, did not give up on herself, but bravely "strangled the throat of fate", and together with other laid-off workers, opened the "Du De Li" shopping mall.She is not satisfied with just earning a living. In the vast world of market economy, she not only introduces competition "inside", but also competes with state-run shopping malls.In leading the development and growth of "Du De Li", not only did she undergo fundamental changes in her state of mind, vision, and spiritual outlook, but she also actively integrated herself into the trend of the times and judged her own life by the degree of risk. value.Where her success lies, all kinds of modernity required by the contemporary society are hidden, such as flexibility, perseverance, determination, aggressiveness, innovation and sacrifice spirit, and so on. Today's novels outline the "image" of contemporary women's modernization, but there are also women's struggles and wanderings, as well as their pain of failure, such as Wang Qiyao's "anti-modernity". female.In modern history, there are not a few people like her who were born in the "nongtang" but completely "reborn", but she completely gave up her efforts and slipped into the life mode of a brothel woman willingly. Her death symbolized the anti-modernization the price.Of course, there are also blood, tears and joy of women who have completed their transformation, as well as confusion and sadness of being overwhelmed. It allows us to glimpse the historical trend and difficulty of Chinese women, and also makes us deeply immersed in deep thinking about women's road and destiny for a long time. . In some novels, the modernization of "reformers" is involved.In fact, no matter in terms of its theory, practice or naming strategy, the reformer is very complicated.On the one hand, since the new era, although the reformers have undergone transformations from "heroes" to "mortals", they all without exception embody a forward vision and vision, a broad mind and an indomitable spirit. The courage and courage of the old forces to fight uncompromisingly, and the enterprising spirit that is in line with the times and the world.Even setbacks can arouse their courage to fight; even failures, when they withdraw from the stage of history, they will still perform heroic feelings with tragedy, and they have all the qualities of history creators.On the one hand, in their spiritual core, they have not completely eliminated the "feudalism" of the old age, as pointed out by some critics, such as the lack of democratic political awareness and modern spiritual enlightenment, "sage king" and "Hero" ideals, advocating absolute power, weak awareness of the legal system, using the traditional "governing the country and securing the world" as their potential reform model and action guide, or living a rich life, or even being satisfied with eating, drinking and having fun, without a clear spirit and morality Orientation, after achieving certain achievements, loses its initial vigor, and even wantonly destroys the bottom line of being a "human", so that it is completely alienated.Therefore, in the past thirty years, especially among the "reformer families", such as Zheng Ziyun, Chen Yongming, Yan Honghuan, Yue Pengcheng, Sun Shaoan, Tian Haiming, Li Gaocheng, Lu Chengwei, etc., have been passing through the melting pot of "modernization" and constantly The ground was stirred and blended, undergoing a difficult soul transformation. Compared with the modernization of peasants and women, the modernization of reformers is a process of "unmasking" and "exposing".The so-called "unmasking" is relative to the ideal type of reformer.In their modern personality design, due to the entanglement between culture and reality, there are always some anti-modern qualities lurking; and because of the great halo of the reformers, they are often ignored, and even highlight the "pseudo-modernity".It is in the ongoing actions that these qualities are exposed one by one. Although they will erode the "integrity" of the reformers, only through "unmasking" can the reformers be truly and effectively modernized.For example, Chen Yongming, in the process of fighting for the "four modernizations", it is precisely through the "going" that is too strict, the method is blunt, the democratic style is not good, the timidity, confusion and depression, loneliness and melancholy, as well as complaining and complaining, etc. His "covering" reflects his perseverance, selflessness, acumen, courage, pioneering, good management, valuing talents, seeking truth from facts, connecting with the masses, caring for and caring for people, and being good at mobilizing people's enthusiasm and initiative to the greatest extent. Such as the quality of modern operators. (28) Yan Honghuan integrated the modernization of the city with the modernization of the individual. It is Gao Bonian's obsession with power, Zhang Wenmin's selfish desires, and Xu Yuanchao's degenerate life as "mirrors", reflecting him. Wisdom, will, morality, personality and ideal power.The so-called "open exposure" is relative to the realistic reformers.Since this type of reformers are in the "reality", they can't go high and transcend life itself. In the face of intricate contradictions and relationships, their "modernity" comes more from their "destruction" of reality. "Sex", just as Engels said, "evil" is a lever to promote history, and they are also perfecting their own modernization through the impact on the current order.Lu Chengwei took full advantage of the chaotic opportunity in the early stage of reform, took advantage of the brilliant family background and strong political capital of the red family, and took advantage of the economic difficulties of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises. On the one hand, it plays with women and emotions, and even puts "people" in a desperate situation, showing the "evil" of human nature unabashedly.However, on the whole, he did not touch the bottom line of the law and society. On the contrary, in the fight against the economic tide, he showed heroic talent, courage, sense of competition, ability to operate capital, tenacious ability to survive and the spirit of striving for self-improvement , (29) This is exactly the modern quality that contemporary society requires of people, but we are extremely lacking. In addition to farmers, women and reformers, the thirty-year novels in the new era also extensively record the modernization journey of other types of characters.Social changes have left them on the cusp of life. They have been confused, grieved and worked hard, but whether forced or willing, they have all stepped into the trend of the times. Under the candlelight of "modernization", they have re-" To be a human being", or even "reborn".For example, when the soldier Peng Qi faced the perverse actions of the minions of the "Gang of Four", he rebelled against the crime. He would rather be defeated than betray the truth, the will of the people, and the correct direction of history.In the face of the conflict between love and law, profit and righteousness, Communist Party member Li Gaocheng insisted on party spirit, and withstood the huge test of law, conscience and national interests on human nature.Small citizens Pan Xiuya, Xue Yongquan and others are sensitive to the nerves of the times, slowly but firmly carrying out the modern transformation of personality.If we turn our attention to the past, during the Anti-Japanese War, Tong Shuangwei, an official of the Kuomintang, never surrendered to the enemy or drifted with the tide, but maintained his precious national integrity and the dignity of the Chinese people during the War of Resistance Against Japan.Intellectuals Meng Yue, Lv Bichu, Wei Feng, tea merchants Hang Jiahe, Hang Yi, Liang Bida, etc. have made great efforts, faced national disasters and indomitable national spirits, as well as Li Zicheng, Shunzhi, Zhang Juzheng, etc. entrusted the "modernization" of contemporary people. The dream of "has perfected the Chinese people's "modernization" project from many aspects. During the modernization process of the entire country, these novels recorded the modernization process of the Chinese people from many aspects. Although the objects and forms of modernization were different, they also showed some dominant features in general: After gaining a deep insight into the core "meaning" of contemporary China, the novels of the past 30 years first show the grasp of the theme of the times by "people".In the past thirty years, reflection, reform, anti-corruption, modernization, re-employment, entry into the WTO, etc. have all become the themes of the times. "People" bid farewell to the "simple" past, and are suddenly "thrown" into a kaleidoscope-like social life. This sudden change is a huge test for Chinese people's psychological preparation, cultural concepts, and customs. People are carried away by the surging social torrent.However, through this kind of life appearance, the novel profoundly shows the process of Chinese people from being forced to actively keeping pace with and grasping the times.For example, Yue Pengcheng went from working to setting up a factory to establishing a township enterprise group and actively participating in international competition. Isn’t this the epitome of the rural history of the past 30 years?Li Gaocheng finally defeated himself and launched the "war against corruption", isn't it conforming to the requirements of history and the wishes of the people?Shaoan's "making a fortune" and Lu Chengwei and Shi Tianxiong's different life paths, isn't it the interpretation of the positive and negative sides of the market economy?They are not simply "chasing the tide", nor are they just trying to take risks. Their blood, ideas and the development of the times are deeply in tune. It is in such a social environment that they have the chance of survival and reason.It can be said that it is these people who constitute and promote this era.However, it is not easy for them to grasp the times. In the struggle between the "old self" and the "new self", they face the back of the times, and how bumpy they are. Secondly, the novel also shows the openness of the modernization of "people", which starts from the actual relationship of "people", but does not stop there. Beyond the situation of "people", it also goes deep into the relationship between "people" and "people". The philosophical thinking of "the other" may start from the plight of "man", on the one hand, put "man" under the hidden vision of "humanity" for torture, and illuminate the complex composition and value orientation of human nature, as well as the "humanity" Paleness and "dehumanization" in a specific historical era; on the one hand, "human" is placed in the "worldwide" public coordinate system, and the modern Chinese characteristics and acceptance of "human" are highlighted through the collision of Eastern and Western cultures. limitation.For example, Yan Honghuan, Zheng Ziyun, Chen Yongming, Peng Qi and others imprinted the era of reform and opening up. Thirdly, the novels of the past thirty years show the modern ethics of "human being".Different from the modernization of backward nations under the conquest, aggression and forced force of advanced nations in the West, the modernization of "human" described in these novels is within the orbit of the same culture, in the peaceful social movement, in the The modernization of the rational level of "man", which makes "man" appear temperate and harmonious. The modernization of "human" has a complex value composition. In the West, the core is basically the freedom of individuality; in these novels, the modernization of "human" is based on the positive value and anti-modernization of the negative value. Criticism, such as Lu Zilin.It does not completely negate or cut off tradition, on the contrary, it also pursues the connection and inheritance of the quality of traditional cultural personality, and seeks to combine and change in multiple deep dives and thoughts, such as Meng Yue, Sun Shaoping, Sun Shaoan brothers, etc. Etc. embodied spiritual quality. Literature will never be "dead" like some sensational declarations. On the contrary, it will move forward, and its task of reflecting and "reconstructing" reality will not stop. The spiritual image penetrates the world consciousness and is always high.However, in the process of modernizing the "people" of these novels, there are also several problems that need to be solved urgently: First, Freund's research on "man" reveals a huge field of "man" subconsciousness. Seven-eighths of the real nature of "man" is manifested as subconscious, and one-eighth is manifested as conscious. The modernization of "man" is a revolution of the soul of "man", without touching the subconscious and irrational fields of "man", this kind of modernization is not thorough, it will not only obscure the real existence of "man", but also internally hinder the "human" "The real depth of modernization.It is obviously not enough for novels to focus on the rational modernization of "man" and uniqueize it.Whether it is for peasants, women, or reformers, if there is no fundamental change beyond the apparent consciousness and deep in the soul, how effective is the modernization of "human beings", as long as we are not confused by excessive idealization or taking things for granted, that is very important. doubtful. Second, the value orientation of contemporary literature has always had a constant ethical complex, especially for negative values, there is always a tendency to deny and criticize righteously.The ambiguous social effect is like a high-hanging sword of Damocles, which makes the author subconsciously castrate the rich connotation of negative value and its power for human spiritual needs.In fact, just like Hugo's dialectic of beauty and ugliness, fake, ugly, blood and violence, "distorted, deformed, weird" things, vulgar behaviors, hysterical illnesses, nasty, cruel, etc., are often associated with People's daily life is connected, and literature does not "advocate" does not mean that it is absolutely abolished, but should be discriminated and sublated by academic rationale, not only these values ​​themselves, but also their narrative functions.Apparently, the Mao Dun Literary Award, the highest award for novels today, does not tolerate them enough, for example, it is considered to be an accidental failure because of promoting violence.Other "legacy pearls" such as "Ancient Ship" and "Moving to Human Shape" all have such reasons.In fact, the modernization of "man" in the novels of the past 30 years presents an inherent idyllic sentiment, but correspondingly lacks strength, vigor and sharpness. Third, just as China is still in the general atmosphere of agricultural civilization, today's novels and their modernization of "human beings" implicitly reject the call of industrial literature, such as pursuing the integrity, harmony, and leisure of human nature. Lack of a clear concept of time, emphasis on personal roles and meanings in groups, lack of initiative, courage and talent in the leadership era, lack of natural independence, etc.For the fragmentation of human nature, incomplete consciousness, rebellious spirit, and risk in large-scale industry, there is deep fear of the inevitable "materialization" Such high-tech and so on lack internal spiritual connection... Therefore, the modernization of "human" in novels is gradual, and the deep spiritual trend is in the process of transforming from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization. From the overall situation, despite the deficiencies of one kind or another, the modernization of "human being" in the novels of the new century is getting deeper and deeper, and they will also seek more and more "consensus" with the world.As the main spiritual feature of novels in the past thirty years, the modernization of "human beings" also highlights the spiritual evolution of the Chinese nation, and is therefore indispensable. Conclusion: In the past 30 years, the thirty-year novels in the new era have been subject to controversy and repeated setbacks, but no matter what, they still faithfully witnessed and will more profoundly witness the great rejuvenation process of the Chinese nation: It continues Lu Xun's critical spirit. Since the new era, it has conducted limited but as far as possible reflections and criticisms on national character, especially the merciless clean-up and eradication of the "chronic diseases" in it.This is the "prerequisite" project for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Only by understanding the deep-seated reasons why we have been lagging behind and being beaten for more than a hundred years, only by shaking off the heavy burden on us, and only by facing up to our weaknesses, defects and shortcomings, can we truly fly forward.Although the attention of these novels needs to be deepened, penetrated, and hardened due to the transfer of the theme of the times, and some aspects are even blind, they have found a fulcrum and a platform for us to focus on and unveiled the process of recasting the national soul. The first page. At the same time, although the Chinese nation has experienced more than a hundred years of backwardness and beatings, it has not surrendered nor perished.In the resistance to internal and external troubles, people with lofty ideals have stepped forward, and many heroes have emerged. Whether they are famous or unknown, whether they are great or ordinary, the excellent qualities embodied in them truly support the existence of the Chinese nation. , and provide a steady stream of power for its subsequent development.Starting from history, these novels use the times as a scale to weigh the "power" accumulated and stored in the Chinese nation for five thousand years, which is also the basic project of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.These "powers" do not fade or lose their effectiveness due to the development of the times. They sink into the spiritual core and heritage of the Chinese nation and become the "root" of the soul of the Chinese nation. 再次，中华民族的复兴过程艰难、漫长又曲折、坎坷，作为中华民族的表征——“人”也经受着自我的巨大更变，这种更变有成功也有失败，但无疑不可抗拒。“人”在现代化与世界化的双重夹击中，通过选择、组合、锻造，终于启动了民族灵魂重铸的主体工程。这些小说重点关注了农民、妇女、改革者以及各色人物的现代化之旅，并主要从正面价值的建构设计了他们现代化的价值取向。与西方“人”之现代化相比，他们的现代化显著地烙印着农业文明与工业文明混杂的表征，这也反映了民族灵魂的转型性及永在的中国胎记。 新世纪长篇小说对民族灵魂的重铸不会中止，它会延续近三十年长篇小说的基本精神，既不断地开掘深度与丰富性，也将更有力地推进中华民族的繁荣并走向永远的、无限的未来。