Chapter 17 fair sixteenth

At the beginning of Emperor Taizong's accession to the throne, Zhongshu ordered Fang Xuanling to play a statement: "Those who did not get officials in the old Qin family complained about the predecessors who were punished by the former palace and the Qi family." Selfless. Danzhu and Shangjun were sons, but Yao and Shun abolished them. Guanshu and Caishu were brothers, but the Duke of Zhou punished them. Therefore, those who know the ruler and the people regard the world as the public and are selfless to things. In the past Zhuge Kongming, The prime minister of a small country still says, "My heart is as good as it is called, and I can't judge the importance of others. How can I manage a big country now? I and the public are fed and fed by the people. This means that the manpower has been given to the superior, and the favor of the superior has not been given to the inferior. Today Therefore, the selection of talented people is for the sake of peace for the common people.

Employing people but asking whether they are worthwhile, how can they use new stories and strange feelings?If you are on a blind date with one side, you will forget about the old people!If the talents are unbearable, how can the old people be used first?Now, regardless of his ability or not, is it the most fair way to bluntly express his grievances? " In the first year of Zhenguan, there were those who were entrusted with the title, and the old soldiers of the Qin family were invited and given military posts, and chased into Suwei.Taizong said: "I regard the world as my home, and I can't be private to one thing. Only talents can do what they want. How can the old and the new be the difference? The ancients said: 'Soldiers are like fire, and the generals will burn themselves.'

What you mean is not beneficial to politics. " In the first year of Zhenguan, Sun Wuji, the chief secretary of the Ministry of Officials, was summoned. Unable to understand his saber, he entered the gate of the Dongshang Pavilion.The right servant of the Shangshu shot Feng Deyi's proposal, because the captain of the prison gate didn't realize it, he was guilty of death, and Wuji brought a knife in by mistake. He was punished for two years and fined twenty catties of copper.Taizong followed it.Dai Zhou, Shaoqing of Dali, retorted: "The captain didn't realize it, and Wuji brought a knife into it. It's a mistake. Husbands and courtiers are extremely honorable, and they can't be called wrong. The quasi-law said: 'For imperial soup, food, boats, Those who fail to follow the law will die." If your majesty records his merits, it is not decided by the constitution; if it is according to the law, it is not reasonable to punish copper." Taizong said: "The law is not my law, but the law of the world. , why do you want to harass Faye with your relatives in the Wuji country?" It was even more decided.Deyi insisted on the same argument as before, Taizong will follow his argument, Zhou retorted and said: "The school captain has no taboos to commit crimes, and the law should be light. If we talk about his faults and mistakes, it is a matter of love. Life and death are different. Dare to Please firmly." Taizong exempted the death of the school lieutenant.

At that time, the imperial court held a large-scale election, or someone who cheated and faked his boss, Emperor Taizong ordered him to surrender, if he did not surrender, the crime would be death.There are fraudsters and counterfeiters in Russia who leaked things, and they cut off the flow according to the law to play it.Emperor Taizong said: "When I first issued an edict, those who did not take the lead would die. Now I am refusing to follow the law. This is to show the world that they don't believe it." Zhou said: "Your Majesty will kill him immediately, and he is beyond the reach of the minister. Since he has paid to the department, the minister dare not break the law."

Taizong said: "You abide by the law yourself, but did you make me lose faith?" Zhou said: "The law is the reason why the country spreads great faith in the world. The speaker is the ear of the joy and anger at that time. Your majesty expresses the anger of the dynasty, and Xu Killing them, knowing that it is impossible, and bringing them to the law, is to endure small anger and maintain great faith, and I will steal it for your majesty's pity." Taizong said: "I have lost something in the law, and you can correct it, so why should I worry about it?" In the second year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong said to Fang Xuanling and others: "I have seen the elders of the Sui Dynasty, who were called Gao Jiongshan as a prime minister, and then looked at his biography. It can be said to be fair and upright, especially to know how to govern the system. The safety of the Sui Dynasty depends on its survival. .Yangdi has no way, sees Zhu Yi in vain, why doesn't he want to see this person, abolishes the book and sighs! The Han and Wei have come, Zhuge Liang is the prime minister, and he is very straightforward. He tried to abolish Liao Li and Li Yan in Nanzhong Wen Liang's death, weeping and saying: "I'm on the left side!" Yan Wenliang died of illness and died of illness. Therefore, Chen Shou said: "Liang is in charge of politics, sincere, impartial, loyal and beneficial to the time, even if he hates, he will be rewarded; if he breaks the law Those who are negligent will be punished even if they are relatives.' How can you not aspire to him? Every time I admire the kindness of the previous emperors, you can also admire the sages of the prime minister. "Xuanling said to him: "I heard that the important way to govern the country lies in fairness and integrity, so "Shangshu" says: "Without bias and no party, the king's way is swaying. Without party and without bias, the king's way is flat." If you make mistakes, the people will obey you.’ Today’s holy considerations are true enough to be the source of politics and religion, to fulfill the most public needs, to encompass the district and become the world.” Emperor Taizong said: “This is what I cherish, how can it be compared with it? Can you not do what you say?"

Princess Changle, born of Empress Wende.In the sixth year of Zhenguan, it will come out, and the imperial edict will send it twice as much as that of the eldest princess.Wei Zhengzuo said: "In the past, Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty wanted to seal his son. The emperor said: 'How can my son be the same as the first emperor's son? It can be half Chu and Huaiyang king.' History thinks it is a good story. The sister of the emperor is the eldest princess, the daughter of the emperor. For a princess, the word length is extended, and the goodness is to respect the princess. Although the feelings are different, there is no difference in righteousness. If the princess's gift is too long, it may be unreasonable. I really hope that your majesty will think about it." Taizong praised it as good.After telling him with his words, he sighed and said: "I heard that your majesty respects Wei Zheng, but I don't know why. Now that I hear his admonition, I can control the feelings of the master with righteousness. I am a real minister of the country! My concubine and your majesty are married. , Qu Meng respect, deep affection, every time the general has a word, he must wait for the color, and dare not lightly offend the majesty, what's more, the subordinates, love and courtesy? So Han Fei said it was difficult, Dongfang Shuo said it was not easy, good reason Also. Loyal words are harsh to the ear but beneficial to action. Those who have a country and a family have a deep need. If you accept it, you will govern the world, and if you stop it, you will cause political chaos. I sincerely hope that your majesty will explain it in detail, and the world will be blessed!" Conquer the house and give it to him.

Zhang Liang, Minister of the Ministry of Punishment, was imprisoned for treason, and ordered all the officials to discuss it, and he should be punished for talking too much, but Li Daoyu, the young prisoner in the palace, did not show his innocence.Taizong was so angry that he killed him.In Russia, there is a deficiency in the minister of the Ministry of punishment, so that the prime minister can choose his man wisely, and it is impossible to play repeatedly.Taizong said: "I have already got him. It is fair for Li Daoyu to comment on Zhang Liangyun's "reverse form". Although he didn't use his words at that time, he regrets it so far."

At the beginning of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong said to his courtiers: "I am now diligently seeking scholars, and I want to concentrate on politics. If I hear that there are good people, I will pick them up and drive them away." Avoiding this statement is just a sign. The ancients "do not avoid relatives when they are promoted internally, and do not avoid enemies when they are promoted externally", but they are for the sake of promoting their true talents. But if you can use your talents and use them, even if you are a child and have hatred, you have to Lift." In the eleventh year of Zhenguan, there were often eunuchs who acted as foreign envoys, making false appearances, and Taizong was angry when the incident happened.

Wei Zhengjin said: "Although eunuchs are small, they are close to the left and right, and they sometimes speak words, which are light and trustworthy. They are infiltrated by slander, and they are deeply troubled. In today's Ming Dynasty, we must not worry about this. For the education of future generations, we must eliminate its source. " Taizong said: "Feiqing, how can I hear this? From now on, it's better to stop acting as an envoy." Wei Zheng said because of Shangshu: The ministers have heard that a ruler cares about the good and the evil, and is close to the gentleman but far away from the villain.If you are kind and bright, the gentleman will advance; if you are evil, the villain will retreat.If you are close to a gentleman, you will have no government; if you are far from a villain, you will not listen to selfish evil.A villain is not without small goodness, and a gentleman is not without small faults.The small faults of a gentleman cover the slight flaws of white jade; the small goodness of a villain is cut by a lead knife.Once the lead knife is cut, good work is not important, and small goodness is not enough to cover up many evils; white jade is slightly flawed, good merchants will never abandon it, small flaws are not enough to hinder great beauty.The small goodness of a good villain is called good and good, and the small faults of an evil gentleman are called evil and evil. This is why Artemisia annua smells the same, and jade and stone can't be distinguished. That's why Qu Yuan sinks into the river, and Bian He weeps blood.He not only knows the difference between jade and stone, but also distinguishes the smell of Artemisia annua, good and good but cannot enter, and evil and cannot go. This is why the Guo family is a ruin and Shi Yu hates it.

Your Majesty is intelligent and mighty, with a heroic appearance, with aspirations of universal love, attracting many people, loving kindness but not being selective, sick and evil but not being far away from others.He also speaks without concealment, sickness and evil are too deep, hearing people's goodness may not be fully believed, hearing people's evil is inevitable.Although I have a unique vision, I am still afraid that the reason may not be exhausted.why?The gentleman promotes the goodness of others, the villain criticizes the evil of others, if he hears the evil, he will believe it, then the way of the villain will prosper, and if he hears the good or doubts, the way of the gentleman will disappear.For a country, those who are eager to advance the gentleman and retreat the villain will cause the way of the gentleman to disappear and the way of the villain to grow, then the monarch and his ministers will be out of order, the upper and lower will be separated, and the chaos will not be treated. How will it be governed?Moreover, ordinary people in the world have no foresight in their minds, and they are complaining and cronies.Husbands call it the same virtue when they are good, and they are friends when they help each other. Today, the pure and the bad flow together, and there is no difference between good and evil.If you regard it as a crony, it means that things cannot be trusted; if you regard it as honesty, it means that all words are acceptable.This is why the kindness of the king does not end with the subordinates, and the loyalty of the ministers does not reach the superior.Ministers can't argue, and small ministers don't dare to speak out. Far and near inherit the wind, and it becomes commonplace. It is not the blessing of the country, and it is not the way of governance.It is suitable enough to cause treachery and evil, to confuse sight and hearing, so that the ruler does not know what to believe, and the ministers cannot live in peace.If you don't think long-term and cut off its source, there will be no future troubles.Fortunately, those who are not defeated today, because you have far-sighted considerations, even if you lose at the beginning, you will gain at the end.If there is a time when you are young, you will go and never return, even if you want to regret it, you will have nothing to do.Since it can't be passed on to the heirs, how can it be passed down to the future?

Moreover, the husband advances the good and deposes the evil, and he does it to others; he uses the past as a lesson, and he does it to himself.Appreciating appearance cares about stopping water, and appraising oneself cares about philosophers.If you can act according to the ancient philosophers and kings, you will be able to see the beauty and ugliness in your eyes, and you will be satisfied with the good and evil of things. The name is far away.Is it impossible to be a king? The ministers have heard that the virtue of morality is not superior to Xuan and Tang, and the prosperity of benevolence and righteousness is not superior to Shun and Yu. If you want to follow the style of Xuan and Tang, and follow the footsteps of Shun and Yu, you must suppress them with morality, promote them with benevolence and righteousness, do good things and let them be, and choose good things and follow them.If you don't choose the good and appoint the capable, but appoint the vulgar officials, there will be no long-distance, and you will lose the generality.However, people who follow the law of three feet and use ropes all over the world, if they want to hang down and do nothing, it is impossible.Therefore, when the sages and sages come to the king, they change customs and customs, and they are not worthy of severe punishments and strict laws, but only benevolence and righteousness.Therefore, without benevolence, there is no way to give widely, and without righteousness, there is no way to rectify the body.Benevolence is used to benefit the subordinates, righteousness is used to rectify the body, and then the government is not strict and reasonable, and its teaching is not strict.However, benevolence and righteousness are the foundation of reason; punishment is the end of reason.There are punishments for the reason, just as there are whips for the imperial guard. Everyone obeys, but the punishments are useless;From this point of view, it is clear that punishment cannot be justified.Therefore, "Tianfu Lun" says: "The rule of a ruler is nothing greater than moral education. The people have nature, emotion, transformation, and vulgarity. Emotional nature is the heart, the root; the vulgarity is the action, the end." It is the above-mentioned king who caress the world, first the root and then the end, follow his heart and perform his actions. If the mood is right, there will be no adultery, and there will be no evil intentions. Therefore, the sage does not fail to rule the hearts of the people, so it is called "Listening to lawsuits, I am like a human being, so I will make no lawsuits?" The way of etiquette is to embody its nature and understand its feelings. When people love each other, there is no intention of harming each other; when thinking about righteousness, there is no evil spirit Heart. If this is the case, it is not the reason of the law, but the result of enlightenment. The sage respects virtue and ritual and despises punishment. Therefore, Shun first ordered the deed to respect the five teachings, and then blamed you for the five punishments. Every legislation It is not to judge mistakes and mistakes by the inadequacy of the people, but to save disasters by preventing evil and evil, and to find the right way by checking fornication. If the people are kind and transformed, people will have the heart of a gentleman; Concerns about chaos. Therefore, the kindness of raising the people is like making rice cakes. The people of Liuhe are like a shade, and the genus of the head of Guizhou is like beans and wheat. If you encounter evil officials, you will cherish treachery and act superficially. Loyalty and thick accumulation will lead to peace; shallow accumulation will lead to peril. Therefore, the sage emperors and kings are all virtuous and weak in punishment. The virtuous , so follow oneself, and those who are powerful, so govern others. The livelihood of the people is like melting gold in a furnace. Sincerity can make people in Liuhe and the whole world feel loyal and honest without superficial evil, and each have a heart of justice without worrying about treachery and danger, then the mellow customs will be seen here again." Although the queen king failed to follow it. Therefore, Guanzi said: "The sage respects the law but not wisdom, and the public and not selfishness." Therefore, the king governs the world and governs the country. At the beginning of Zhenguan, the aspiration was to be fair, and when people committed crimes, they were punished by the law.Even if the temporary punishment may be serious or not, but seeing the persistent opinions of the ministers, they all accept it with confidence.The people know that their crimes are selfless, so they are willing and do not complain; the ministers see that their words are not disobedient, so they try their best to be loyal.Over the past few years, the meaning has gradually deepened. Although you open the net on three sides, and observe the fish in the abyss, the choice depends on love and hate, and the severity depends on happiness and anger.For those who love, the crime is serious, but the words are strong; for those who are evil, the fault is small, but the meaning is deeply explored.There is no fixed subject in the law, let the situation be judged according to the severity; people have persistent opinions, and doubt them as hypocrisy.Therefore, those who are punished have nothing to accuse, and officials dare not speak out.If you don't agree with your heart, but your mouth is poor, if you want to impose a crime, you have no excuses!And the fifth grade has committed crimes, so Cao Si heard about it.I originally wanted to observe his situation and feel sorry for him, but now he is seeking for details, or serious crimes, so that people will attack but hate him deeply.There are no important rules, and what you ask for is extra-legal, and there are six out of ten. Therefore, those who commit crimes in a short period of time are afraid of hearing about it, and they have to pay the judiciary, thinking that they are lucky.To accuse and criticize endlessly, to make endless excuses, to keep superiors private, and officials to be traitorous, to ask for details and forget the general, to punish others with one punishment, this is a way of violating justice, to be obedient and innocent, to want others to be harmonious. Litigation interest is not available. Therefore, "Ti Lun" says: "A husband who commits adultery and steals is what the people hate, and I punish him accordingly. Although it is too much, the people don't think of me as a violent person. I am a public man. Complaining about hunger and cold is also what the people hate. , The law of escaping and trapping, I will forgive it, and the people will not regard me as partial, it is fair. What I value, the people hate; what I despise, the people pity. That's why rewards are light and goodness is encouraged, and punishment is low and adultery is prohibited. From this point of view, there is nothing wrong with being public to the law, and it is okay to be too light. There is nothing wrong with being private to the law. Still fearing that it is not yet yet, saving them and transforming them is the task of ancient times. It is not the case for those who manage prisons later: before the criminals are interrogated, they will do it first, and when they are interrogated, they will drive them away, which is called Ability; not to find out the cause of the prison, but to seek the subtle purpose of the master, which is called loyalty. He can be an official, and he is loyal in his affairs, so fame and fortune will follow him, and he will be driven into a trap. Therefore, it is also difficult to desire the prosperity of Taoism. When hearing lawsuits and adjudicating prisons, it is necessary to establish the relationship between father and son, establish the righteousness of monarchs and ministers, order the order of power and weight, and measure the shallowness and depth.If you know his intelligence, give him loyalty and love, and if you have doubts, share it with everyone.Doubts are less serious, so it is more important, so Shun ordered Jiuyou to say: "As a scholar, you only need to be punished." "In addition, three messages are added, and everyone is good, and then judge it. It is based on the law, and it is based on human feelings. Therefore, the "Zhuan" says: "Even if you can't detect small and large prisons, you must use emotions." "And the secular and harsh officials, those who think that love is also the one who takes goods, those who establish love and hate, those who are right relatives, and those who fall into hatred. How can the love of secular officials be far from that of the ancients? Yousi doubts the group of officials based on this feeling, and the owner doubts Yousi based on this feeling. All the feelings of prison management must be based on the crime committed, not strict interrogation, not asking for others, not expensive and versatile, to see wisdom, so the law corrects its method of impeachment, and participates in its speeches, so it is realistic, it is not So embellishment is true, but you should listen to the ear when you join the army, and don't let the prison guards practice embellishment into speech.Confucius said: "In ancient times, listening to the prison was for the sake of life; today's listening to the prison is for the sake of killing it." Also "Huainanzi" said: "The depth of Fengshui is ten ren, and the metal and iron are in it, so the shape can be seen from the outside. It is not deep and clear, but there is no way for fish and turtles to return. Therefore, those who are superior regard harshness as observation, merit as enlightenment, engraving as loyalty, and criticizing as much as meritorious service. For example, if you are broad-leaning, the big one is big, and the way of cracking is also the way. Rewards should be heavy, and punishments should be light. The weight of the king's residence is the rule of a hundred kings. The severity of punishment, the thickness of grace, seeing thoughts and seeing diseases, can be said in the same day! And the law, the balance of the country is also the yardstick of the time. The balance is the weight, and the yardstick is the same. Righteousness and uprightness, today’s practice values ​​its magnanimity and flatness, sinners want to be harsh, happy and angry, and have a high and inferior heart, so they abandon the principle and use uprightness and straightness, and those who abandon balance and decide the importance, are they not also confused? Zhuge Kongming, the leader of a small country Xiang, still said: "My heart is like a scale, and I can't weigh others. "What's more, the Lord of Wancheng, when he can be sealed, he will let his heart abandon the law and take blame from others! Sometimes there are trivial things, and people don't want people to hear about them, so they will be violent and angry to silence slander.If what you do is true, what harm will it do if you hear it outside?If it is not so, what is the benefit of covering it up?So the proverb says: "If you want people not to know, you don't do it; if you want people not to hear it, you don't say it." To do it for people not to know, to say it but not to be heard, is like catching a bird to cover your eyes, or stealing a bell to cover your ears. What's the benefit of taking ridicule?The minister also heard that in a country of impermanence and chaos, there are no unreasonable people. The good and evil of the husband and monarch depend on the thickness of the transformation, so Yu and Tang used reason, Jie and Zhou used chaos; Wen and Wu used peace, and You and Li used danger.Therefore, the philosopher kings of ancient times did their best not to favor others, and sought their own lives rather than taking responsibility for others.Therefore, it is said: "Yu and Tang sinned against themselves, and their prosperity also flourished; Jie and Zhou sinned against others, and their death also happened suddenly." There is no end to it, and deep compassion and compassion truly open the road to treachery and evil.Wen Shu hated the past, and the minister also wanted to regret not using it, and it was not unheard of.The minister heard that Yao had the drum of daring to remonstrate, Shun had the tree of slander, Tang had the history of violating mistakes, and Wu had the inscription of vigilance.This is to listen to what is invisible, seek what is not there, be open-minded and treat the subordinates, the common people's feelings will reach the superior, the superior and inferior are selfless, and the monarch and his ministers are virtuous.Emperor Wu of Wei said: "A virtuous monarch is happy to hear harsh words. Those who offend Yan Zhizheng, be close to loyal ministers, be kind to scholars, criticize slanderers, stay away from others, sincerely want to protect the country with their whole body, and avoid destruction. " All the gentlemen who are expected to rule the fortune, even if they are not selfless, and the monarch and ministers are united, can they not protect the country and avoid destruction? However, since ancient times, the kings of sages have made great achievements and established things. Those also. In the past, at the beginning of Zhenguan, I practiced sideways and accepted things with humility.Gai heard that what is good must be corrected, sometimes there are minor mistakes, he adopts the rules of loyalty, and every time he hears the blunt words, he looks happy.Therefore, everyone who is loyal and loyal will exhaust his words.Since then, there has been no danger at home and abroad, and the barbarians have been intimidated and subdued, full of will, and things have changed since the beginning.Talk about diseases and evils, but like to hear the words of the order; empty talk about loyalty, but don't like the harsh words.The path of private affairs is gradually opened, and the path of public affairs is gradually blocked. It is known to travel back and forth.The rise and fall of a state depends on Si Dao.Do you not encourage people who are superior?For several years, every time I obeyed a decree, I was deeply afraid that the ministers would not speak out.I think about it, since people who came here or wrote a letter, there are gains and losses in things, but they only see their shortcomings, but they don't say their strengths.Also, the heavens are self-exalting, and the dragon scales are difficult to offend, because they make mistakes, dare not speak out, have something to say from time to time, cannot fully express their thoughts, and are more exhausted in thinking. There is no reason for their way.And what is said is reasonable, and it may not be added to the rank of favor. If you are obedient or disobedient, there will be shame, and you can't be strict, because of this.Although you are close to the left and right, you are always on the stage, and you may offend your face when you do something, and you are jealous, but you are far away and do not meet, how can you be extremely loyal?Sometimes it is said in a declaration: "The ministers can only come to the way when they see things. Why do you expect me to use what you say?"Why do you say that?The offender is strict with his face, whether he can be replaced or not, so he becomes the beauty of the master and corrects the fault of the master.If the Lord listens, he will be confused, and if things are not going to work, let him make his loyal words and exhaust his strength, fearing temporary fear, and not willing to follow his sincerity.If it is as the Ming Dynasty said, it is to allow him to obey his face, and to punish him to speak out, so what is the basis for advancing and retreating?If you want to make a remonstrance, you just care about being good. Therefore, Qi Huan likes to wear purple, and the environment is the same; the king of Chu likes to have a thin waist, but most of the harem starve to death. If you play with your ears and eyes, people will die without disobedience. What's more, when a sage king asks for a loyal and upright person, he will respond a thousand miles away, and it is not difficult to believe.If there is nothing but words, but there is no reality in it, if you want it, you will come, but you can't get it. Emperor Taizong's edict said: The allegories before and after the province are all to the point, and they are firmly hoped by Qing.When I was in Hengmen, I was still a child. I hadn't learned the training of teachers and protectors, and I rarely heard the words of the first.When the Sui Dynasty collapsed, all nations were devastated, and Guizhou Li was ruined, and there was no place to shelter.Since the year of the 29th, I have been conceived to save my life, and I have been determined to cast my arms, so I have to go to war, suffer from frost and dew, and conquer east and west. The spirit of descending Canghao reported the outline of the temple, and pointed to the flag of righteousness, touching Pingyi.Weak water, quicksand, and the envoys who pass through the pavilion; the left lapel is all the domain of clothes and hats.Zhengshuo's class is not far away.And respectfully inheriting the treasure calendar, enshrining the emperor's map, hanging down the arch and doing nothing, and the atmosphere is calm. For more than ten years, Sigai's shares have exhausted his strategy, his minions have exhausted their strength, and they have cooperated with each other, so that this is the case.Self-aware and weak, enjoy Sixiu generously, every time he caresses a great artifact, he is deeply worried and responsible, often fearing that there will be many opportunities, and the four wisdoms will not be developed, trembling, sitting and waiting.Ask Yu Gongqing, even Li Zao, and push it with a sincere heart.The concubine is a few Ming Lai, and every movement is a bell and stone; the pure wind is the best virtue, and it will be passed down forever in bamboo and silk.Ke broadcasts a great name and is often called the first.Because of my emptiness, I am ashamed of the past generations. If I don't let the boat go, how can I help the huge river?Without borrowing salted plums, how can you adjust the five flavors of your husband?Give three hundred pieces of silk.