Chapter 22 The Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Eighteen Seas

Within the East China Sea, at the corner of the North Sea, there is a country called Korea.Tiandu ②, its people live in water, cuddling with others to love (of) [people]. [Note] ①North Korea: North Korea and South Korea on the Korean peninsula. ② Tiandu: According to the ancients, Tianzhu Kingdom has writing and commerce, and Buddhism originated in this country.And Tianzhu is now India.But India is in the south, and Korea is in the north. The south and the north are very far apart. It is unreasonable to record them in one place, and the words seem to be corrupted or missing. 【Translation】In the East China Sea, in a corner of the North Sea, there is a country called North Korea.There is also a country called Tiandu, the people of Tiandu country live near the water, they are merciful and loving to others.

Within the West Sea, among the quicksands, there is a country called He (h6) City. 【Translation】In the west sea, in the center of the quicksand, there is a country called Heshi country. Within the West Sea, to the west of the quicksand, there is a country called Fan (f4n) Ye. [Translation] Within the West Sea, to the west of the quicksand, there is a country called Fanye Country. To the west of the quicksand, there is a mountain of birds, where three rivers flow out.There are gold, 璿 (xu2n) rose (gu9), dan goods, silver and iron ①, all flow in this ②.There is also Huaishan, and the good water comes out.

[Notes] ①Danhuo: It is unknown what it is. ② flow: flow out.Here it means to produce, to produce. [Translation] To the west of Quicksand, there is a mountain called Bird Mountain. Three rivers originate from this mountain.All the gold, jade, gems, alchemy, silver and iron here are all produced in these waters.There is another big mountain called Huaishan, and the good water originates from this mountain. To the east of the quicksand and to the west of the black water, there is the country of Chao (zh1o) and the country of Si Shi (zh@).The Yellow Emperor's wife, Lei Zu, gave birth to prosperity.The place where Changyi falls is like water, and the Korean wave is born.Hallyu zhuo (zhu￥) head, sincere ear, human face, hog (sh!) beak (hu@), lin body, canal stock, dolphin (t＊n) stop ②, and Nao (n4o) son is called A Nu ③, Born Emperor Zhuan (zhu1n) Xu (x&).

[Notes] ①Lei Zu: Lei Zu, who is said to be the first ancestor who taught people to raise silkworms. ②抱: Pull out, raise up.Here it refers to the shape that the object becomes long and vertical due to hanging.Cautious: Cautious, cautious and careful.Here is the small meaning.Qugu: That is what is called bow-legged today. ③ Take: Tong "marry". [Translation] On the east side of Quicksand, on the west bank of Heishui, there are Chaoyun Kingdom and Sishu Kingdom.Huang Di's wife Lei Zu gave birth to Chang Yi.Changyi descended from the sky to live in Ruoshui and gave birth to Han Liu.Han Liu has a long head, small ears, a human face, a pig's long mouth, a unicorn's body, looped legs, and a pig's hooves. Zhuan Xu.

To the east of the quicksand, between the black waters, there is a mountain called the Immortal Mountain. 【Translation】In the east of the quicksand, where the black water flows, there is a mountain called Immortal Mountain. To the east of the Qingshui Mountain in Huashan, there is a mountain named Zhao (zh4o) Mountain.Some people call it Bai [Zi] Gao, and Bai [Zi] Gao goes up and down here, as far as the sky. 【Translation】In the east of Huashan Qingshui, there is a mountain named Zhaoshan.There was a fairy named Bai Zigao, who went up and down from here until he reached the sky. Between the black waters in the southwest, there is the field of Du Guang, where Hou Ji was buried.There are ointment (g1o) bean (sh&), ointment rice, ointment millet (sh()), ointment millet①, a hundred grains grow on their own, and zithers are broadcast in winter and summer②. Luan birds sing by themselves, phoenix birds sing by themselves, Lingshou Shihua③, The grass and trees gather together. There are hundreds of beasts, which live together in groups. This grass also does not die in winter and summer.

[Notes] ① Paste: This means that it tastes good and is as smooth as paste.Shu: The general term for legume plants.Ji: millet. ② Sowing the piano: that is, sowing seeds.This is the dialect of Chu people in ancient times. ③Lingshou: It is the above-mentioned tree, whose branches are like bamboo joints, the thickness and length are just right for crutches, and there is no need to make them artificially, so ancient people often used this kind of natural crutches.There is also a saying that Lingshou is a special tree that grows in Kunlun Mountain and its vicinity. People who eat the fruit it bears will live forever, so it is called Lingshou tree.

[Translation] In the southwest where the Black Water flows, there is a place called Du Guangye, where Houji was buried.There are ointment beans, ointment rice, ointment broomcorn millet, and ointment millet produced here. All kinds of grains grow naturally, and can be sown in winter and summer. The phoenix sings freely, the phoenix dances freely, the longevity tree blossoms and bears fruit, and the grass and forest are lush.There are also various birds and beasts living in groups.The grass that grows in this place will not die no matter the cold winter or hot summer. On the (outer) [inner] side of the South China Sea, between the black water and the green water, there is a tree called Ruo Mu, which flows out of Ruo water.

【Translation】In the South China Sea, where the black water and green water flow, there is a tree called Ruomu, and the Ruoshu grows from the ground where the Ruomu grows. There is the country of Yuzhong.There is the country of Liexiang.There is a spiritual mountain, and there is a red snake on a tree, which is called a creeping (ru3n) snake, and it eats wood. 【Translation】There is a Yu China.There is another Liexiang country.There is a spiritual mountain. There is a red snake on the tree in the mountain, called the snake, which feeds on trees. There is a country with long salt.Some people have the head of a bird, and the name is Niao (shi) [Min].

【Translation】There is a country of Yanchang.The people here have bird-like heads and are called bird people. There are nine hills, which are connected by water, and they are named Taotang Hill, Shude Hill, Mengying Hill, Kunwu Hill, Black and White Hill, Chiwang Hill, Shenwei Hill, and Wufu Hill. Hill, Hill of the Gods and People.There is a tree with green leaves and purple stems, Xuanhua Huangshi, named Jianmu, without branches①, [upper] there are nine (zh()②), and there are nine medlars (j()③ on the bottom, which are actually like hemp. Its leaves are like awns. Big (t4i) 皞 (h4o) Yuan Guo ④, done by the Yellow Emperor.

[Note] ① Ren: In ancient times, eight feet were used as a Ren. ②■: The branches are bent. ③ Goji: The roots of the tree are intertwined. ④Da Hao: Also known as Taihao, Taihao, that is, the Fuxi family, the ancient emperor in ancient history legends, surnamed Feng.He began to draw gossip and taught people to fish and herd for food. It is also the ancestor of mankind in myths and legends. [Translation] There are nine hills, all surrounded by water, named Taotang Hill, Shude Hill, Mengying Hill, Kunwu Hill, Black and White Hill, Chiwang Hill, Shenwei Hill, Wufu Hill, and Shenmin Hill. mound.There is a tree with blue leaves, purple stems, black flowers and yellow fruits. It is called Jianmu. There are no branches on the trunk of a hundred feet high, but there are nine winding branches on the top of the tree. There are nine twisting and interlaced root nodes, its fruit is like a pockmark, and its leaves are like awn leaves.Da Hao ascended to heaven with Jianmu, and the Yellow Emperor cultivated Jianmu.

There is Sassafras (zh2) and Sassafras (y*), the head of a dragon, which is a cannibal.There is a (green) beast with a human face, named orangutan. 【Translation】There is a sassafras beast with a dragon-like head and can eat people.There is also a beast with a human face called the orangutan. In the southwest is the country of Ba.Hao (h4o) gave birth to Xianniao, Xianniao gave birth to Chengli, Chengli gave birth to Houzhao, and Houzhao was born as Ba people. [Translation] There is a country of Ba in the southwest.Big Hao (h4o) gave birth to Xianniao, Xianniao gave birth to Chengli, Chengli gave birth to Houzhao, and Houzhao was the ancestor of Ba people. There is a country named Liuhuang Xinshi, and its domain is three hundred miles in the middle, and its origin is (dust) [麈] (zh (). There is Basui Mountain, and the Mian (sh6ng) water flows out. [Translation] There is a country named Liuhuang Xinshi, which has a territory of three hundred miles, and a large deer grows here.There is also Basui Mountain, from which Mian River originates. There is also the country of Zhujuan.There are black snakes, green heads, and food elephants. 【Translation】There is another Zhujuan country.Here there is a big black snake with a blue head that can devour elephants. In the south, there are giants from Jiangxi (g4n), with long faces (arms) [lips], black bodies with hair, and back heels. When they see people (smile) [then] smile, their lips cover their faces, because they will run away. [Translation] There is a kind of Gan giant in the south, with a human face and long lips, a black body covered with hair, with toes pointing back and heels pointing forward, they laugh when they see people, and when they laugh, their lips twitch. will cover his face, and people will take advantage of it and run away immediately. There is also a black man with the head of a tiger and the feet of a bird, holding a snake in both hands, eating (d4n) it squarely. 【例句】There is also a Negro with a head like a tiger and claws like a bird, who holds a snake in both hands and is devouring it. There are Ying (y0ng) people, bird feet.There are pigs (sh!). 【Translation】There is a kind of people called Yingmin, who have bird-like claws.And big wild boar. Some people call it Miao Min.There is a god, with a human head and a snake body, as long as a shaft, with heads on the left and right, dressed in purple ①, crowned (zh1n) crown ②, named Yanwei ③, the owner gets it and feasts (xi3ng) eats it ④, Bo (b4 ) The world ⑤. [Note] ①Yi Ziyi: The previous "clothes" is a verb, meaning to wear.The latter "clothes" is a noun, that is, clothes. ②Guanzhanguan: The previous "crown" is a verb, meaning to wear.The latter "crown" is a noun, that is, a hat.Zhan: A crank flag of pure red.Here is only the meaning of red, which is opposite to the purple in the previous sentence. ③Yanwei: That is to say, the snake mentioned above is a two-headed snake. ④ Lord: The monarch, the lord of a country.Feast: Sacrifice. ⑤ Bo: Tong "Ba". 【Translation】There is a kind of people called Miao people.There is a god in this place, with a human head and a snake body. His body is as long as a chariot shaft. There are two heads on the left and right sides. He wears purple clothes and a red hat. His name is Yanwei. Serve and sacrifice, and you can dominate the world. There are luan birds singing by themselves, and phoenix birds dancing by themselves.The first prose of the phoenix bird is called "virtue", the prose on the wing is "shun", the prose on the back is "benevolence", and the prose on the back is "righteousness". Seeing (xi4n) means harmony in the world. 【Translation】There are luan birds that sing freely, and there are phoenix birds that dance freely.The pattern on the head of the phoenix bird is the word "De", the pattern on the wings is the word "Shun", the pattern on the chest is the word "Ren", and the pattern on the back is the word "Yi". Once it appears, it will bring peace to the world. . There are also blue beasts such as tu (t)) ①, called ■ (j) n) dogs.There is a kingfisher②.Birds with holes ③. [Note] ① Tu: Tong "rabbit". ②Kingfisher: the emerald bird, shaped like a swallow.The ancients said that the male is called Fei, with red feathers; the female is called Cui, with blue feathers.In fact, the feathers of emerald birds come in many colors, not just red and blue, so they have been used as decorations since ancient times. ③ Peacock: the peacock bird. 【Translation】There is also a blue beast like a rabbit, named ■dog.And there is the emerald bird.And peacock birds. Within the South China Sea, there are Mount Heng, Mount Fungus, and Mount Gui.There is a mountain named Capital of Three Sons. [Translation] Within the South China Sea, there is Mount Heng, Mount Fungus, and Mount Gui.There is also a mountain called Tianzidu Mountain. On the hill of Cangwu in the south, in the deep of Cangwu, there is Jiuyi (y0) mountain in it, where Shun was buried.In the Lingling area of ​​Changsha. [Translation] In the south, there is a hill called Cangwu Hill, and there is an abyss called Cangwuyuan. Between Cangwu Hill and Cangwuyuan is Jiuyi Mountain, where Emperor Shun was buried.Jiuyi Mountain is located in Lingling, Changsha. Inside the North Sea, there is the Snake Mountain, where the Snake Water flows out and flows into the sea in the east.There is a bird with five harvests, which flies to cover a whole town, and it is called the Yi (y@) bird①.There is also a mountain that is not far away, and Qiaoji (ru@) is buried in the west of it②. 【Notes】①Yi Bird: According to legend, it is a bird like Phoenix. ② Qiaoji: According to legend, it was a skillful craftsman in the age of Emperor Yao in ancient times. 【Translation】In the North Sea, there is a mountain called Snake Mountain. Snake Water originates from Snake Mountain and flows eastward into the sea. There is a kind of bird with colorful feathers, which flies up in groups to cover the sky over a township. It is called Yi bird.There is another mountain not far away, and Qiaoji is buried on the west side of the mountain not far away. In the North Sea, there is an assistant ① who is against the robbers and carries the spear, and is called the corpse of Xianggu ②. [Note] ① Stealing weapons: In ancient times, anyone who was put on a torture device for a crime was called a stolen weapon.Ge: An ancient weapon.Times: Tong "back". Abandon.Zuo: A person who assists the emperor. ②The Corpse of Xianggu: It is also the kind of person mentioned above as the minister of the second. 【Translation】In the North Sea, there is a courtier named Xianggushi who is wearing a torture instrument and carrying a spear behind his back to plot rebellion. Boyi's father gave birth to Xiyue①, Xiyue gave birth to Xianlong, and Xianlong was born to Di (d!) Qiang (qi1ng), who had the surname of Di Qiang. [Notes] ① Father Boyi: According to legend, he is the master of Emperor Zhuan (zhu1n) Xu (x&). [Translation] Boyi's father gave birth to Xiyue, Xiyue gave birth to Xianlong, and the descendants of Xianlong were Diqiang, whose surname was Qi. Inside the North Sea, there is a mountain called Youdu Mountain, from which black water flows out.There are black birds, black snakes, black leopards, black tigers, and black foxes with puffy tails.There is the mountain of Daxuan.There are people of Xuanqiu.There is a country of great seclusion.There are people with red shin. 【Notes】①People of Xuanqiu: The ancients said that the people living on the hill are all black. ② People of Red Legs: The ancients said that they are people whose legs are all red from the knee down. [Translation] Within the North Sea, there is a mountain called Youdu Mountain, from which the black water originates.There are black birds, black snakes, black leopards, black tigers, and black foxes with shaggy tails on the mountain.There is a Daxuan Mountain.There is a kind of Xuanqiu people.There is a big country.There is a Redshank. In a country with nail spirits, its people have hair ① and horseshoes are good at walking ②. [Note] ①厀: Same as "knee". ② walk: run. [Translation] There is a country called Nagling, where people have hair from the knees down on their legs, have horse's hooves and are good at running fast. Boling, the grandson of Emperor Yan, and A Nu, the wife of Wu Quan, were predestined for three years. [殳] The beginning is Hou ③, the drum and extension are the beginning of bell ④, and it is the wind of music. [Notes] ① Emperor Yan: Shennong, the legendary ancient emperor. ② Same: pass "pass".adultery.Wu Quan: A legendary figure. ③Hou: The target used for archery practice or competition. ④ Zhong: A percussion instrument in ancient times. [Translation] The grandson of Emperor Yan was called Boling. Boling had an affair with Wu Quan's wife, A Nv Yuan Fu. a son.Shu first invented the archery target, and Gu and Yan invented the bell, and composed music and rhythm. The Yellow Emperor gave birth to Luo Ming, and Luo Ming gave birth to a white horse, and the white horse was Gun (g(n)①. [Notes] ①Gun: According to legend, he is the father of Dayu. 【Translation】Yellow Emperor gave birth to Luo Ming, and Luo Ming gave birth to a white horse, and this white horse was Gun. Emperor Jun gave birth to Yuhao①, Yuhao gave birth to Yinliang②, and Yinliang gave birth to Panyu. This is the beginning of a boat.Panyu gave birth to Xi Zhong, and Xi Zhong gave birth to Ji Guang. Ji Guang first used wood as a cart. [Notes] ① Emperor Jun: This refers to the Yellow Emperor. ②Yi Liang: that is, Yu Jing mentioned above. [Translation] Emperor Jun gave birth to Yuhao, Yuhao gave birth to Yinliang, and Yinliang gave birth to Panyu, who first invented the boat.Panyu gave birth to Xi Zhong, and Xi Zhong gave birth to Ji Guang, who first made a car out of wood. Shao (sh4o) 皞 (h4o) gives birth to Ban①, and Ban starts as a bow and arrow. [Notes] ① Shaohao: Shaohao mentioned above is known as the Jintian clan, the legendary ancient emperor. [Translation] Shaohao gave birth to Ban, who first invented the bow and arrow. Emperor Jun bestowed Yitong (t￥ng) Gongsu mat (z5ng)① to help the country, and Yi began to relieve (x)) the hardships of going to the ground②. [Notes] ① Tong: vermilion.矰: An arrow decorated with white feathers and tied with a silk cord. ②Shirt: Compassionate, generous. 【Translation】Emperor Jun rewarded Hou Yi with a red bow and white arrows, and used his archery skills to help the countries in the lower world, and Hou Yi began to relieve people from all kinds of hardships in the world. Emperor Jun gave birth to Yan Long, and Yan Long was [beginning] the Qin and Se (s6). 【Translation】Di Jun gave birth to Yan Long, who first invented the Qin and Se. Emperor Jun had eight sons, and they started singing and dancing. 【Notes】①Emperor Jun: This refers to Emperor Shun. 【Translation】Di Jun had eight sons, and they began to compose songs and dances. Emperor Jun gave birth to the three bodies①, and the three bodies gave birth to Yijun②, and Yijun was born from the beginning of Qiaoji (ru@), and it was from the beginning that he became the Baiqiao of the people.Houji is to sow a hundred grains.The grandson of Ji is called Shujun, and he began to farm cattle.Dabi Chiyin ④ is the beginning of the country. Yu and Gun (g(n)) were the first to distribute soil ⑤, and they all determined Kyushu ⑥. 【Notes】①Emperor Jun: This also refers to Emperor Shun. ② Yijun: It is the Shujun mentioned above, but it is said to be the son of Emperor Shun, but here it is said to be the grandson of Emperor Shun, which belongs to the difference of myths and legends. ③Shujun: It was said above that Shujun was the son of Houji’s younger brother Taixi, and here he is also said to be Houji’s grandson, and he was also divided into two people from the aforementioned Yijun. Myths and legends are often different. . ④ Dabi Chiyin: The meaning is unknown.Some scholars also believe that it may be Jiang Yuan, Houji's biological mother. "Bi" is probably a false text of "妣".Concubine: Mother. The pronunciation of "Chiyin" is similar to "Jiang Yuan".According to ancient history legends, Hou Ji was enfeoffed in Taidi and established a state, and Jiang Yuan lived here, so the following says "the beginning of the state". ⑤ Soil distribution: It is said that Gun and Dayu father and son successively controlled the flood. Gun used the method of blocking, and Dayu used the method of dredging, both of which required excavation of soil.To give is to give, to implement.Soil is geotechnical, filling and excavation works when harnessing rivers. ⑥ average: average, uniform.Extended to measure, measure.Kyushu: According to legend, after Dayu controlled the flood, he divided the Central Plains into nine administrative regions, namely Kyushu. 【Translation】Emperor Jun gave birth to Sanshen, and Sanshen gave birth to Yijun. This Yijun was the so-called Qiaoji, and from then on he invented all kinds of craftsmanship in the world.Houji began to sow various crops.Houji's grandson was called Shujun, who was the first to invent the use of oxen to plow the fields.Dabi Chiyin began to be granted a feudal title to establish a country.Dayu and Gun began to excavate soil to control the flood, and measured and demarcated Kyushu. The wife of Emperor Yan and the son of Chishui Tingyu (y1o) gave birth to Yanju, Yanju gave birth to Jiehe, Jiehe gave birth to opera instruments, and opera instruments gave birth to Zhurong.Zhu Rongsheng is in the river, living and working together.Gonggong produces surgical tools, and the first side of the surgical tool is tilted ①, which is the compound soil (穰) [soil], which is located in the river.Gong Gong gave birth to Houtu, Houtu gave birth to Yi (y5) Ming, and Yi Ming was born in twelve years old. [Notes] ① Dian: the top of the head. 【Translation】Emperor Yan's wife, Chishui's daughter, Tingxu, gave birth to Yanju, Yanju gave birth to Jiebing, Jiebing gave birth to opera instruments, and opera instruments gave birth to Zhu Rong.Zhu Rong came to live in Jiangshui, and Gonggong was born.Gonggong gave birth to surgical tools.The head of Shuqi is flat and square, and he restored the land of his grandfather Zhu Rong, so he lived in Jiangshui again. Gonggong gave birth to Houtu, Houtu gave birth to Yeming, and Yeming gave birth to twelve months of the year. The flood was monstrous ①.Gun (g(n)) stole the emperor's breath and used the flood (y9n) to flood ②, without waiting for the emperor's order. The emperor ordered Zhu Rong to kill Gun in Yujiao. Gun revived Yu ③. The emperor ordered Yu to spread the soil to fix Kyushu. [Notes] ① Tao: diffuse. ②Soil: A kind of soil that can grow on its own and will never be consumed in myths and legends. ③Resurrection: According to legend, Gun died for three years and his body did not decompose. He cut open his belly with a knife and Yu was born. "Fu" is the homonym of "belly". 【Translation】In the prehistoric era, there were floods everywhere.Gun stole the emperor's interest soil and used it to stop the flood without waiting for the emperor's order.The Emperor of Heaven sent Zhu Rong to kill Gun on the outskirts of Mount Yu.Yu was born from Gun's body.The Emperor of Heaven ordered Yu to finally carry out earthworks to control the flood, so that the Kyushu area could be demarcated.