Chapter 6 Part V Tour

After leaving the state of Lu without saying goodbye, Confucius went to the state of Wei full of expectations, thinking that he could find opportunities to display his talents in the state of Wei.It is a pity that Wei Linggong was very polite to him, but he was not interested in him and his teachings, but only in women.But having said that, the Kingdom of Wei is between the two big countries of Jin and Qi, so it is understandable to live cautiously.Confucius, who didn't get a chance, was disappointed and went south to the state of Chen, but he was almost killed when passing through the state of Song, so he had to return to the state of Wei.Afterwards Confucius also decided to go to the state of Jin, but retreated on the bank of the Yellow River.Under such circumstances, Confucius bit the bullet and returned to the State of Lu. Because he left without saying goodbye, he was very worried about being punished.Although Sanhuan didn't come to trouble him, Confucius was very depressed in the state of Lu, and he really didn't have the face or the courage to see the king and Sanhuan again.A year later, Confucius finally decided to go to Weiguo again. He thought that his old friend Yun Boyu would be reused in Weiguo, so he could gain some glory.Unfortunately, Confucius, who came to Weiguo for the third time, still couldn't see the opportunity, and Wei Linggong still didn't appreciate him.In desperation, Confucius went south again and began a journey around the world.Confucius went to Song, Zheng, Chen, Cai, and Ye of Chu, but he hit a wall everywhere, like a dog in mourning.

Four years later, Confucius returned to Weiguo again.In the state of Wei, Confucius had no choice but to return to his old career. With the help of Yun Boyu, he opened a school to teach apprentices, and he no longer had any hope for his political future.During this period, Confucius, who settled down, edited it.Five years later, with the efforts of his disciples Ran You and Zi Gong, he persuaded Ji Kangzi, who was in power in the State of Lu, to invite Confucius back to the State of Lu, so Confucius finally returned to the State of Lu with dignity, ending his 14-year wandering life.From the first time Confucius left the state of Lu to defend the state, and finally returned to the state of Lu, this period of history is called traveling around the world.

During this period, Confucius' thinking has undergone great changes. His original attachment to ritual and music has decreased, and more energy has been devoted to the study of interpersonal relationships, reflecting his more pragmatic attitude towards life than before. After Confucius returned to the state of Wei for the last time, he no longer had any illusions about his political ideals and future, so he lowered his political standards and encouraged his disciples to become officials, even if they were the "retainers" whom he despised the most. .Confucius returned from idealism to realism, and the Confucius who returned to Lu State was completely different from the Confucius when he left.

The Master said: "The government of Lu and Wei are brothers." Confucius said: "The political affairs of Lu and Wei are like brothers (political affairs)." This is what Confucius said when he went to Weiguo. There are two meanings.The first is about the king, Duke Zhou, the father of Boqin, the founding king of Lu State, and Kang Shu, the founding king of Wei State, are the same mother and brother, so the two countries are quite close in blood; the second is about politics, both countries are under the guidance of Duke Zhou Under Jianguo, they are relatively close politically, like brothers.Confucius said this, in fact, to cheer himself up, and wanted to show that he was actually very clear about the situation in Weiguo, and he was able to govern Weiguo well.But in fact Confucius was wrong on this point.

Wei State is a country of Zhou and Shang mixed blood, and its culture pays more attention to business, while Lu State pays more attention to agriculture.The Wei country is located among the powerful countries, and the international living environment is much worse than that of the Lu country, so the people of the Wei country are more flexible and pragmatic.Therefore, even if the politics of Lu and Wei were not completely different, they could not be considered brotherly politics at all.Because of the error in judgment, Confucius did not understand the political context of Weiguo, and after arriving in Weiguo, he was unable to make any targeted suggestions to the monarch of Weiguo.

The idealist Confucius made many similar mistakes. He often looked at problems according to his own wishful thinking, so he hit a wall everywhere.Confucius understood the world with a way of thinking that Lu people emphasized family affection and nepotism, and he was destined not to be recognized. Taking things for granted is dangerous, and making decisions based on them is even more dangerous.According to Confucius' method, today's Britain and the United States are "brotherly governments", and they are actually opposites.In modern business society, market research is a must-do homework, and conclusions based on historical imagination are often wrong.

Zi was afraid of Yu Kuang, and said: "Since King Wen is gone, why is Wen not here? Heaven will lose its gentleness, and the deceased will not be able to share it with Yu Kuang. If Heaven has not lost its gentleness, how can the people of Kuang give it?" When Confucius was besieged by the people of Kuangdi, he said: "After the death of King Wen of Zhou, didn't all the ritual and music culture of the Zhou Dynasty stay with me? If God wants to destroy this culture, future generations will never see it again." I don’t have this kind of culture anymore; if God doesn’t destroy this kind of culture, what will the people of Kuang do to me?”

Confucius was not afraid in the face of danger, and despite the danger, he remained calm.Confucius was a person who didn't talk about the destiny, but talking about the destiny at this time is also to embolden himself and encourage his disciples. Confucius saw no future in Wei, so he decided to go to Chen.On the way, I passed the land of Song Guokuang (now Changyuan County, Henan Province), which was originally the land of Song State, but was later occupied by Zheng State.Eight years ago, Yang Hu of Lu State attacked Zheng State under the order of Jin State and took this place.However, the state of Song was separated from the state of Lu and the state of Zheng, so the state of Lu gave the land of Kuang to the state of Song.Therefore, this place now belongs to Song State.Back then, when Yang Hu led the Lu army to occupy this place, he treated the local people very cruelly, so the people in Kuang area hated Yang Hu deeply.Coincidentally, Confucius looked very much like Yang Hu, so the Kuang people thought it was Yang Hu, and they surrounded Confucius and his disciples for five days.Fortunately, the people of Kuang knew that Yang Hu was still in the state of Jin at this time, and surrounded the wrong people, so they let Confucius and his disciples go.However, after this difficulty, Confucius did not dare to go any further, and returned to the state of Wei in a hurry.

However, for Confucius, this catastrophe was not all a bad thing. Confucius' fearlessness in the face of danger impressed his disciples deeply, which made them admire their teacher even more.Fortitude and dullness, Confucius' evaluation of himself does not seem to be bragging. Confucius encountered countless setbacks in his life, and he was displaced in the middle, but he was able to persist until the end. What did he rely on?It relies on optimism, or in other words, it relies on being good at cheering yourself up. When encountering difficulties, connect yourself with history and let yourself believe that your death is a huge loss to Chinese civilization. If you do this, you will be much calmer.

The Master said: "A gentleman is proud but not arrogant, and a villain is arrogant but not arrogant." Confucius said: "A gentleman is low-key but not arrogant, and a villain is proud but not low-key." The literal meaning is clear at a glance, Tai means peace and serenity, and modern dialect means low-key.But why did Confucius say this?Who is he talking about? Yan Gao was a famous warrior in the state of Lu, who could draw a hard bow weighing 180 jin.When Yang Hu captured Kuangdi, Yan Gao participated in the battle and was the first to ascend the city.Later, Yan Gao became a student of Confucius and followed Confucius to Kuang.Outside the city, Yan Gao showed off his military strength in front of his teacher, pointed at the city wall of Kuangdi, and said, "I entered through that gap back then."It was Yan Gao's pointing that attracted the attention of the soldiers guarding the city. Only then did they realize that Confucius was like Yang Hu, and then sent troops to surround Confucius and his disciples.

Afterwards, Confucius criticized Yan Gao in this way, saying that it was your arrogance that brought you trouble, so don't be arrogant in the future. Yan Gao's pride almost cost him his life once, that time when Lu State was fighting with Qi State, Yan Gao showed off his hard bow on the Lu army's position, and was passed around by the Lu army brothers, but at this time the people of Qi State killed him. Coming over, Yan Gao didn't have any good guy in his hands, so he was lucky, he snatched an ordinary bow to use, and luckily saved his life. Since ancient times, there has been a price to be paid for bragging, and a price for showing off.Today, the same thing is still happening.It's exactly: In ancient times, there were strong men who praised their hard bows, but today there are short skirts with full B.It's not Meimei Hermes, the godfather can do nothing if he is so happy. Confucius said: To be a man should be low-key. The Master said: "I have never seen someone who loves virtue as much as she loves sex." Confucius said: "I have never seen a person who is as virtuous as a lustful person." Confucius lamented that the ruler's lust is far more than the pursuit of virtue.This is Confucius' emotion after being summoned by Nanzi during the period of Weiguo. He lamented that Wei Linggong was willing to hand over the country to a woman because of his lust.Furthermore, Confucius discovered that men are all lustful, and no one is more virtuous than lustful.Powerful men, all they think about are sex.So, how could Confucius succeed in promoting his virtue? In the real society, the anti-corruption of mistresses and mistresses has become the main form of anti-corruption, which accurately interprets Confucius' "I have never seen a person who is as lustful as he is virtuous." The Master said: "It's almost over! I have never seen someone who loves virtue as much as she loves sex." Confucius said: "It's over, I have never seen a person who is as virtuous as a lustful person." Same as above. slightly The son said on the river: "The dead are like husbands, and they will never give up day and night!" Confucius said by the river: "The passing time is like this river, day and night will not stay." This is the emotion of Confucius. He lamented that life is easy to grow old, and time does not live.The question is, where is this river?Sichuan?Wrong; Qin Chuan?Wrong; Zhou Xiaochuan?Blunder. Confucius returned from Song State to Wei State. After being interviewed by Nanzi, he still couldn't see the future, so he decided to leave Wei State for the second time and go to Jin State to try his luck.When you come to the Yellow River and cross the Yellow River, you will be the Kingdom of Jin.Confucius expressed emotion here, and then decided not to go to Jin.Why didn't Confucius go to Jin?Because he himself was very hesitant, the king of Jin has actually become a puppet, and the situation of the four ministers carve up the Jin country is worse than that of San Huan. What room can Confucius' theory have in such a place?Therefore, Confucius decided not to go to Jin with the excuse that Zhao Jianzi, a powerful minister of the Jin State, had killed two sages, Dou Jimingdu and Shunhua.Another point is that Yang Hu was under Zhao Jianzi's command, and Confucius was unwilling to join him. There is no future in sight, and time flies by like a white horse, how can Confucius not feel sincerely? In a popular saying, live in the moment. Duke Ling of Wei asked Chen Yu about Confucius.Confucius said to him: "You have heard about the Zudou matter; you have never learned about the military affairs." It will be carried out tomorrow. Duke Ling of Wei asked Confucius about marching and fighting, and Confucius replied: "I have heard about the sacrificial etiquette, but I have never learned about fighting with soldiers." The next day, Confucius left Weiguo. Chen is the formation, the meaning of marching formation.Zudou are all sacrifices; the matter of Zudou means sacrifice. Confucius did not go to Jin, but quietly returned to Lu.After staying in the state of Lu for a year, he led his disciples to the state of Wei again. At this time, Gong Shushu, a senior officer of the State of Wei who was expelled from the State of Wei to the State of Lu, occupied Pu in the State of Wei. Duke Ling of Wei once asked Confucius for his opinion on Pudi, and Confucius suggested sending troops, but Duke Ling of Wei did not want to send troops.Asked again this time, actually with sarcasm, Confucius retorted.Duke Ling of Wei was very upset. He looked up at the geese in the sky and left his chin for Confucius.Confucius knew that he was no longer welcome here, so he left Weiguo the next day. In the past explanations, it was said that Wei Linggong didn't care about rituals and music, but only cared about war, so Confucius disdained him.But the fact is that this is not the case. On the issue of Gong Shushu, it is just the opposite. Uncle Shu is the richest man in the family of Weiguo. He was forced to go into exile because he offended Nanzi.Later, Gong Shushu occupied Pudi. Confucius and his disciples passed Pudi from Lu State to Weiguo. Gongshushu stopped them and asked them to promise not to go to Weiguo before letting them go. Confucius agreed on the spot, but after passing Pudi, he went to Weiguo.Duke Ling of Wei asked Confucius how to deal with Pudi. Confucius thought that he should send troops and thought that the people in Pudi were not in agreement with Gong Shushu, so he could take it easily. From a tactical and strategic point of view, Confucius was wrong. From a tactical point of view, Pudi is the fiefdom of the uncle, and has a broad mass base; secondly, Pudi is the main source of troops for the Wei Kingdom, with a strong folk style and strong combat effectiveness, making it difficult to defeat. From a strategic point of view, Zhao Jianzi, the power minister of the Jin State at that time, coveted the Wei State, and wanted to destroy the Wei State and strengthen the Zhao family at any time.At this time, if there is a civil war in Wei, Zhao Jianzi will find a reason to send troops and the best time to destroy Wei.Therefore, Wei Linggong's approach of stopping still and waiting for a good opportunity is correct. Therefore, it makes sense that Confucius was not reused in Weiguo. It doesn't matter how good you are if your talents are not the type your boss needs.It is not acceptable for a blacksmith to apply for a job at a bun shop.Therefore, the most important thing in learning knowledge is to learn useful knowledge. The Master said: "I am born with virtue, how can I give it?" Confucius said: "Heaven has endowed me with virtue, what can Huanju do to me?" Leaving the state of Wei, Confucius led his disciples to the state of Chen, passing through the state of Song.In the state of Song, Confucius and his disciples practiced Zhou rituals under a big tree.As a result, the people of Song State surrounded him, and Song State Sima Huanxuan sent people to cut down the big tree, and was going to send people to kill Confucius and his disciples.Fortunately, Confucius and his disciples walked fast, so they escaped unharmed.Why did Huan Fu not welcome Confucius so much?First of all, the entire Zhou Dynasty, even countries like Chu and Wuyue, more or less obeyed the rituals of Zhou on the surface, with the exception of the Song Dynasty. The etiquette and law are Shang etiquette rather than Zhou etiquette, so they have no interest or even disgust with Confucius' doctrine.Secondly, Huan's enemies, Song's son Chen and Gongzidi who had defected to Chen, joined forces with Chen's support to enter Song's Xiaodi, and used this as a base to betray Song.Therefore, at this time, Song and Chen were enemy countries, and Huan Kui naturally regarded Confucius' master and apprentice who were going to Chen as enemies. Although Confucius was a descendant of the Duke of Song, he despised Song very much. No matter how unsatisfactory he was in Lu and Wei, even though he passed by Song several times, Confucius never thought of going to Song to develop.why?There are roughly four reasons. The first is that Confucius’ ancestors were exterminated in the Song Dynasty, and the Chou Jiahua family was a big family in the Song Dynasty; the second is that the ex-wife Ji Yuan, who was divorced by Confucius, was from the Song Dynasty. Impression; the third is that the so-called ostrich policy implemented by the Song State in the world made Confucius look down on it; of course, the most important point is the fourth point, that is, it is impossible for the people of the Song State to use the Zhou Rites to govern, even if they use the Zhou Rites, it is also a Song State characteristic "Commercial etiquette is the body, Zhou etiquette is the function". Confucius said this sentence, it should be said after he escaped. The feeling of this sentence is very bad. When I should be thankful, I am boasting, which is quite like the spirit of Ah Q. It's better to say less of this kind of words, and it will be looked down upon if you say too much. Chen Sibai asked Duke Zhao if he knew the rites, and Confucius said, "Know the rites." Confucius retreated, bowed to the Wuma Qi and advanced, and said, "I heard that a gentleman is not a party, but a gentleman is also a party? The king took it from Wu and had the same surname, so it is called Wu Mencius. The king knows the propriety, who doesn't know the propriety?" Wu Maqi told him.The Master said: "Qiu is lucky, if there is a fault, people will know it." Chen Sibai asked, "Did Lu Zhaogong understand etiquette?" Confucius said, "Understand etiquette." After Confucius came out, Chen Sibai bowed to Wumaqi, asked him to come closer, and said to him: "I listen to you." Say, a gentleman is not partial, so does a gentleman still protect others? Lu Jun married a woman with the same surname from Wu as his wife, and called her Wu Mencius. If Lu Jun is considered polite, who else is not polite?" Wu Maqi told Confucius this sentence.Confucius said: "I am really lucky. If there is a mistake, people will know it." Confucius passed through the state of Song and came to the state of Chen, where he lived in the house of Zhenzi in Sicheng.Basically, seeing that the politics of Chen State was very corrupt, Confucius had no intention of becoming a politician in Chen State, but wanted to find an opportunity to go to Wu State or Chu State.Si Bai is an official position of the Chen State, which is equivalent to the Si Kou of the Lu State.Chen Sibai is the Sibai of Chen State, and there is no record of his original name.Why did Chen Sibai say that Lu Zhaogong was not polite?During Lu Zhaogong's period, Wu State became powerful and had frequent exchanges with Lu State. In order to get Wu State's support and protection, Lu Zhaogong proposed to Wu State, and ended up marrying Wu King's daughter.Although the state of Wu was a land of barbarians at that time, the ancestors of the kings of Wu and Lu belonged to the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty. All surnamed Ji.According to Zhou etiquette, the same surname is not married, so Lu Zhaogong violated Zhou etiquette.According to the method of addressing at that time, Lu Zhaogong's wife should be called Wu Mengji, but in order to deceive people, she changed her name to Wu Mencius, making people think that this wife was married from the Song Dynasty. The general principle of Confucius and Lu people is that family ugliness should not be publicized.No matter how angry you are at home and how dissatisfied with the status quo, you must definitely maintain your country's image abroad and never speak ill of your country's monarch. After being criticized, Confucius admitted his mistakes frankly, which reflects Confucius' character of correcting mistakes when he knew his mistakes, or his ability to find a way for himself. Although the cynics have a lot of dissatisfaction, they are patriotic in their hearts. Ye Gong asked about politics.The Master said: "Those who are near are happy, and those who are far away come." Ye Gong asked Confucius how to manage political affairs.Confucius said: "Let people in this country live happily, and make people from afar come and join us." Confucius stayed in Chen Guo and Cai Guo for a period of time, and found that these two countries were lingering and precarious, and they lived together every day.So Confucius decided to go to Chu State, and came to Yedi outside Fangcheng Mountain of Chu State.The Duke Ye of Chu State is called Shen Zhuliang, and the Duke Ye mentioned in the idiom Ye Gong Hao Long is Shen Zhuliang.Of course, that's legend.Ye Gong is a high-ranking figure in the state of Chu, and a hero who restored the state of Chu after it was destroyed by the state of Wu.Confucius hoped to go to see the king of Chu through Ye Gong and promote his ideas in Chu. Ye Gong asked Confucius how to govern the country, and Confucius answered him in this way.Later, Zigong asked Confucius why he gave such an answer.Confucius said that the land of Chu was sparsely populated, the capital was too small and the people lacked a sense of belonging.Therefore, first of all, we must improve the happiness index of the people and make them love this country, and secondly, we must attract immigrants. "The near ones speak, and those far away come." There are many such examples in the modern history of the world, such as the United States, Australia and Canada. To let the far come, the most important thing is to let the near speak.If the happiness index of the people is very low, who will come? Confucius' words are good, but there is no specific method. The goals are ambitious, but there is no specific solution. Ye Gong said to Confucius: "In my party there are those who are upright. Their father is a sheep, but the son proves it." It's in it." Ye Gong told Confucius: "There is an upright man in my hometown. His father stole the sheep and he reported on his father." Confucius said: "The upright man in my hometown is different from the upright man you mentioned: The father hides from the son, and the son hides from the father. Integrity lies in it." Ye Gong is not interested in Confucius' theory of governing the country. This is actually an argument between the two parties, or Ye Gong is euphemistically expressing his disapproval of Confucius' ideas.The two people's different understandings of integrity reflect the differences between the two cultures.In comparison, Lu culture pays more attention to family affection. The father hides from the son, and the son hides from the father.Because this is what Confucius said, it was considered legal in a long period of later judicial practice.From a human point of view, this makes sense.Concealment means concealment, that is, not reporting or testifying, which does not mean interfering in the judiciary and perverting the law for personal gain. However, Confucius' judicial concept was outdated at that time. From the perspective of historical records, no country except Lu State respected the concealment of father and son. The culture of the State of Lu is that family affection is higher than the law, so lawsuits involving family affection should be avoided as much as possible.After the subsequent fermentation of the judicial culture of the Lu State, judicial corruption such as favoritism, nepotism and collusion has been bred. Can the country not be subjugated? Ye Gong asked Confucius about Zilu, but Zilu was wrong.The Master said: "Your daughter Xi Bu said, she is a human being, she forgets to eat when she is angry, forgets to worry when she is happy, and does not know that old age will come to Yuner." Ye Gong asked Zilu what kind of person Confucius was, but Zilu didn't answer.Confucius (to Zilu) said: "Why don't you say it differently? He works so hard that he forgets to eat, he is so happy that he forgets all his worries, he doesn't even know he is getting old, and so on." Ye Gong is a very gentleman, so he hopes to know Confucius from the side, and see if he has anything else to express.But Zilu was not smart enough, or he was worried that he would not answer well, so he didn't answer.Confucius was very disappointed and blamed Zilu for not praising himself.On the other hand, Ye Gong didn't have the idea of ​​helping Confucius. The reason why he didn't ask Confucius face to face about many things was that he hoped that Confucius would learn more and leave by himself. In fact, at this time, what Zilu said was not important anymore. On this point, Zilu is far inferior to Zigong, and Zigong has a whole set of arguments. Corporate culture is very important. The description of the company and the leadership should be kept in mind by employees. Once it is mentioned, it must be eloquent, full of praise and convincing.Therefore, usually pay attention to training. Chu Kuang took the public song and passed Confucius, saying: "The phoenix is ​​the phoenix, what is the decline of virtue? Those who have gone can't be persuaded, and those who come can still be pursued. It's over, it's over! Today's politicians are dying." Confucius said, I want to talk to you.Avoid it, don't talk to it. A cynical youth from Chu State sang a song and walked by Confucius' car. He sang, "Fenghuang, Fenghuang, why is your luck so bad? The past is irreversible, and there is still time to correct the future. Forget it." , Forget it. Today’s ruler is in danger!” Confucius got out of the car and wanted to talk to him, but he quickly avoided, and Confucius couldn’t talk to him. An angry youth from the state of Chu sang a ballad, and Confucius thought it suited his mood, as if he was singing about himself, nothing more. This is what happened after Confucius left from Ye Gong, and the place was still in the state of Chu.The so-called Chu Kuang Jieyu means that a tramp from Chu State came to the carriage.But the historical explanation is that the name of the madman in Chu State was Jieyu, and his surname was Lu and his name was Tongzi Jieyu.Let me ask, Confucius didn't talk to him at all, how did he know that he was called Jieyu? In history, most people thought that this person was a tall man, but in fact he was just a vagabond, at most a vagabond singer or a vagabond poet.As for the tramp scolding the king of Chu, is there anything strange about it? Confucius felt that he resonated with this wandering singer. What did it reflect?It reflects that Confucius' master and disciples were just a group of wandering poets at that time. This cynical youth from Chu State who was mistakenly named Jieyu can be called the patriarch of wandering singers! The strange thing is that such a famous song, how come no one composes it to sing it?No culture. Changju, Jie drowned in the couple and plowed, Confucius passed it, and Zilu asked him about it.Chang Ju said: "Who is the husband who controls the public opinion?" Zilu said: "For Confucius." Said: "Is it Lu Kongqiu?" Said: "Yes." Said: "It is Zhijin." Asked Yu Jie drown.Jie Ni said: "Who is the son?" Said: "It is Zhong You." Said: "Is it Lu Kongqiu's disciple?" Confronted: "Yes." Said: "The eloquent ones are all in the world, but who To change it? And instead of following a person who avoids others, why not follow a person who avoids the world?" He kept on thinking.Zilu went to tell.The master said in a daze: "Birds and beasts should not be in the same group, but who will be with us and the people of the Si people? There is a way in the world, and it is not easy to be with Qiu." Changju and Jieni were farming together. Confucius passed by and asked Zilu to ask where the ferry was.Changju asked Zilu, "Who is that with the rein?" Zilu said, "It's Confucius." Changju said, "Is that Confucius from Lu?" Zilu said, "Yes." Changju said: "Then he already knows the location of the ferry." Zilu asked Jie Ni again.Jieni said, "Who are you?" Zilu said, "I am Zhong You." Jieni said, "Are you a disciple of Confucius from the state of Lu?" Zilu said, "Yes." Jieni said, "Like Flood-like bad things are everywhere, who are you going to change it with? And instead of following those who avoid people, why don’t you follow those of us who avoid society?" After finishing speaking, he continued to do farm work in the fields.When Zilu came back, he reported the situation to Confucius.Confucius said disappointedly: "People can't live in groups with birds and beasts. If they don't want to deal with people in the world, who else can they deal with? If the world is peaceful, I won't mess around." Confucius' traveling around the world seems to have a relatively large influence, so that farmers know about it.The farmers did not agree with Confucius' approach, which proved that Confucius' ideas did not receive support from all walks of life. This is also what happened after Confucius left Ye Gong's office. His ideas were not recognized by the world, so Confucius was inevitably a little lonely.This kind of thing happened a lot, and the disciples of Confucius also began to waver. The two farmers were not the masters mentioned in later history, but just two farmers.At that time, the northern part of Chu State was north of Fangcheng Mountain, and it had always been the place where Chu State sent troops. In recent decades, it has experienced many wars including the invasion of Wu State. The people yearn for peace and stability, and hope to escape the troubled times.Therefore, I don't understand Confucius's way of not staying at home and tossing around. If you can't change the world, then adapt to the world; if you can't adapt to the world, then avoid the world.Trying to change the world without being able to change it will be a failure; trying to adapt to the world without being able to adapt will be very painful. In Chen Jueliang, the follower was sick and could not be happy.Zi Lu was stunned and said: "A gentleman is also poor?" Zi said: "A gentleman is always poor, but a villain is too poor." (Confucius and his party) In the state of Chen, the food was cut off, and the people who followed were hungry and sick, unable to play music and sing.Zilu came to see Confucius very displeased, and said: "Is there a time when a gentleman is so poor that he can't do anything?" Confucius said: "Although a gentleman is poor, he still perseveres; when a villain is in poverty, he will do everything." After leaving Chu State, Confucius led his disciples to Chen State, and then went to Sicheng Zhenzi.Just at this time, the state of Wu attacked the state of Chen, and the state of Chu sent troops to rescue it. The entire state of Chen was surrounded by solid walls and clear fields, either the city gates were closed or they fled to the mountains.Therefore, Confucius and his disciples ran out of food in Chen Guo and fell into a crisis of survival. The crisis of survival will inevitably lead to a crisis of faith. The students' trust in the teacher has been shaken and they have doubts about the teacher's theory.Zilu is straightforward, so he came to ask the teacher.Confucius was very angry and answered very harshly: If you have a crisis of faith in being a teacher, you are a villain. Later, the idiom "Gentleman Gu Poor" became an idiom, expressing that a gentleman will not change his ambition even if he is poor. Poor does not mean poverty, but poverty. Regarding this passage, there is a record in "Historical Records", which is more illustrative. "The "Poetry" wrote: 'Bandits (Yinsi, rhinoceros) bandit tigers, lead the wilderness'. It is not a rhinoceros or a tiger. Run for your life along the wilderness. Is my theory wrong? Why did it fall to such a point? ?” Confucius asked Zilu. "Teacher, is it because your virtue is not enough? Could it be that your wisdom is still lacking?" Zilu directly expressed his crisis of faith. Facing Zilu's crisis of faith, Confucius suddenly became vigilant.People can live without food and drink, but they cannot live without faith.Therefore, Confucius cheered up, and he wanted to save Zilu's faith. "Do you think that smart people know everything? Then why did Bigan die unexpectedly? Do you think that good words and advice will be appreciated? Then why would Wu Zixu be killed? Do you think clean people will definitely be reused? How could Boyi and Shuqi be starved to death? There are many learned gentlemen who are not employed. Is it just me, Confucius? Zhilan was born in the deep mountains and old forests, and it is not because no one appreciates it. Xi Liyue respects benevolence and morality, and does not corrupt integrity because of poverty and poverty. Virtue and unworthiness are a matter of talent, and doing or not doing is a matter of human beings. Whether or not you meet the Lord is a matter of timing, and death and survival are matters of fate. Talent has no opportunity, even if you have a great ability, you can't use it; but once you encounter an opportunity, what is so difficult to use your talent? Therefore, a gentleman should seize the time to cultivate his body and mind, and wait for the opportunity to come. "Confucius said something Let Zilu have nothing to say. Zilu left, and Confucius called Zigong again. "Ci, it is written in the "Poetry": 'Bandits, bandits and tigers lead the wilderness'. Is my theory wrong? Why did it fall to this point?" Confucius asked Zilu the same question to see how he answered. "Teacher, I think that your views may be too profound and advanced, so people in the world cannot accept you. Can you lower the standard a little?" Zigong's words are more particular, but the meaning is no different from that of Zilu. Crisis of faith. "Ci, a good farmer is good at farming, but not necessarily good at harvesting. A craftsman is skillful in making, but he may not necessarily understand the market; People accept it. Now you don’t study and perfect your own theory, but you only want to be accepted by others, thanks, your ambition is not lofty.” Confucius criticized Zigong again, and couldn’t help feeling a little disappointed. Zi Gong left, and Confucius called Yan Hui again. "Hui, it is written in the "Poetry": 'Bandits, bandits and tigers, lead them to the wilderness'. Is my theory wrong? Why did it fall to this point?" Confucius asked Yan Hui the same question to see how he answered . "Teacher, your knowledge is so profound that no one in the world can accept you." Yan Hui's opening words were the same as Zi Gong's. Confucius couldn't help but hold his breath to see what he said next. "In spite of this, teacher, you are still committed to promoting and practicing it. No one knows the goods, which is a disgrace to the rulers of all countries. Do you have any worries, teacher? Although it is not accepted, it shows your gentleman's true nature, teacher. " Regardless of whether it was sincere or not, Yan Hui's words were indeed so sweet that Confucius smiled.From the perspective of flattery, such flattery is indeed outstanding. "You still know me well, what you said is so reasonable. If one day you get rich, I'd like to be your housekeeper." Confucius said happily, he really liked Yan Hui more and more. Yan Hui's original words are: "'Master's way is great, so the world cannot tolerate it. Although, Master pushes it, no disease is tolerated, and no one is allowed to see a gentleman later! If the husband does not cultivate the way, it is my ugliness. Husband It is the ugliness of those who have a country since the Tao has been greatly cultivated and not used. No disease is tolerated, and a gentleman is not tolerated later!" The master smiled happily and said: "Yes, son of the Yan family! Make you rich, and I will be your ruler." '" It can be seen from this that the only person who did not have a crisis of faith and followed the teacher unswervingly at that time was Yan Huile. When people are poor, people are easy to waver; when they encounter setbacks, people are easy to lose confidence.At this time, you must learn from Confucius, stick to your beliefs, and stick to your goals. Therefore, faith is very important. Zi Zai Chen said: "Return! Return! The boy of our party is crazy, and it is brilliant. I don't know why I cut it." Confucius said in Chen Guo: "Go back! Go back! The young people of Lu Wei have great ambitions, but their behavior is rough and simple; they have literary talent but don't know how to control themselves. I'd better go back and teach them." My party is not my party, but my township party, which is my hometown.Here, it refers to the state of Lu and the state of Wei. The cruel reality made Confucius have to go back to defend the country, otherwise, I am afraid that all his followers will leave.The face-saving Confucius found a grand excuse for himself to go back at this time: the young people in Luwei are waiting for me to teach.Haha, lovely Confucius. When people are tired and disappointed, they think of going home.Today's North Drifters and South Drifters may often have the idea of ​​​​"returning". Afterwards, Zilu met his father-in-law. What kind of stick did he use? Zilu asked, "Have you seen Master?" The father-in-law said, "The four bodies are not diligent, and the five grains are not distinguished. Who is the master?" Planted his stick and practiced.Zilu stands upright.Zhizi lived on the road, killed chickens for millet and ate them, and saw his second son Yan.Tomorrow, Zilu went to tell, and Zi said: "The hermit is also." Make Zilu see it the other way, and when he arrives, he will do it.Zilu said: "Not being an official is meaningless. The festival of seniority and youth cannot be abolished; the righteousness of a monarch and his ministers, how can it be abolished? If you want to purify your body, you will disturb the great ethics. The official of a gentleman is also. Doing his righteousness is the way of the way." No, it’s known.” Zilu followed Confucius, but fell behind, and met an old man carrying a tool for weeding with a cane.Zilu asked, "Have you seen my teacher?" The old man said, "I don't work hard, and I don't know the five grains. What kind of teacher is he?" After speaking, he pulled the weeds with his crutches.Zilu stood aside respectfully with his arms crossed.The old man kept Zilu to stay at his house, killed a chicken, made millet rice for him to eat, and asked his two sons to come out to meet Zilu.The next day, Zilu caught up with Confucius and reported the matter to him.Confucius said: "This is a hermit!" He told Zilu to go back and see him again.When Zilu got there, the old man had already left.Zilu said: "It is wrong not to be an official. The relationship between the elder and the young cannot be abandoned; how can the relationship between the monarch and the minister be abandoned? Wanting to be innocent, but destroying the fundamental ethical relationship between the monarch and the minister. A gentleman is an official, just In order to implement the righteousness of the monarch and ministers. As for whether the Tao will not work, I have known it for a long time." In order to return to the state of Wei, Confucius and his disciples had to retreat from the state of Chen to the state of Chu, and then returned to the state of Wei by detouring from the state of Zheng.This is what happened in Chu State again.Due to the relatively loose control and many free people outside the Fangcheng Mountains of the Chu State, they often dismissed Confucius' theories. It is suspected that a passage by Zilu should be said by Confucius, and it is very likely that it was indeed said by Confucius.不过不管是谁说的，基本上都说明孔子师徒已经明确认为孔子的学说是行不通的。 孔子是个理想主义者，他一直生活在自己创建的世外桃源中，直到四处碰壁，他才不得不接受现实，承认自己的主张是不现实的。到这个时候，孔子变得现实了很多，思想上也发生了很大的改变。 既然知道自己的主张行不通了，为什么还要想方设法去当官？孔子为自己找了个堂而皇之的理由：君子之仕也，行其义也。 关于是否要当官，当官应该做什么，孔老师的说法很多，其中不乏自相矛盾之处。 不见棺材不落泪，不碰南墙不回头。理想主义者的结局都是这样的。 贪官说：我花钱买官，不是为了自己，是为了能为人民做更多的工作，啊呸。 子击磬于卫，有荷蒉而过孔氏之门者，曰：“有心哉，击磬乎！”既而曰：“鄙哉，硁硁乎！莫己知也，斯已而已矣。深则厉，浅则揭。”子曰：“果哉！末之难矣。” 孔子在卫国，一次正在敲击磬，有一位背扛草筐的人从门前走过说：“这个击磬的人有心思啊！”一会儿又说：“声音铿铿的，真没劲，没有人了解自己，那就算了呗。好像涉水一样，水深就踩着石头过去，水浅就撩起衣服趟过去。”孔子说：“说得真干脆，我没话可说。” 这段话历来的解释也是五花八门，不过差别不算太大。“深则厉，浅则揭”出于的《国风·邶风·匏有苦叶》，在拙作《说春秋》第四部第143章有这首诗。 从楚国回到了卫国，孔子的雄心壮志被打击得所剩无几，不过还是常常顾影自怜，自艾自怨。背草筐的人说这段话的意思，就是说别人不了解你就算了，搞得跟怨妇一样干什么？有人了解你用你，你就去发挥自己的能力；没人了解你，你就过自己的日子，有什么好抱怨的？ 深则厉，浅则揭。再接上“摸着石头过河”就更完整了。总之，接受现实，解决问题，不要怨天尤人，不要坚守不现实的理想。 子路宿于石门。晨门曰：“奚自？”子路曰：“自孔氏。”曰：“是知其不可而为之者与？” 子路夜里住在石门，看门的人问：“从哪里来？”子路说：“从孔子那里来。”看门的人说：“是那个明知做不到却还要去做的人吗？” 其实全世界都知道孔子所推行的政治主张不可能实现，孔子自己也知道。从楚国回到卫国，孔子成为一个被同情被可怜同时被嘲笑的怪老头。 知其不可为而为之，别以为自己有性格，其实就是在浪费时间。 子曰：“从我于陈，蔡者，皆不及门也。”德行：“颜渊、闵子骞、冉伯牛、仲弓；言语：宰我、子贡；政事：冉有、季路；文学：子游、子夏。” 孔子说：“曾跟随我从陈国到蔡地去的学生，现在都不在我身边受教了。德行好的有：颜渊、闵子骞、冉伯牛、仲弓。善于辞令的有：宰我、子贡。擅长政事的有：冉有、季路。通晓文献知识的有：子游、子夏。” 这是孔子老年回到鲁国之后，回顾历史发出的感慨。尽管话不是这个时期说的，可是内容是这个时期的，因此放在这里。 这里提到的这十个人，因为是被孔老师特别提到的，因此被后代称为“孔门十哲”。应该说，孔子在对弟子的评价上还是很公正的，譬如他很不喜欢宰我，也不喜欢冉有，可是这里都提到了他们，承认他们在各自领域的才能。 说起来，好像最没用的就是德行了，尽管孔子把它放在第一位。德行的几个人都没有什么成就，混得都不怎么样，对孔子的学说也没有做出什么贡献。反而是后面的几类人比较风光，嘴皮子利索的子贡不仅富甲天下，而且擅长外交，在各国都受到极高的礼遇。孔子去世之后，子贡出资出人极力鼓吹孔子和孔子学说，孔子去世后的盛名多半要归功于子贡；冉有在季孙家做管家，也是做得扎扎实实，不仅自己得到了富贵，还帮助师兄弟们过上好日子；子夏后来到卫国办学，成为魏文侯的老师，不仅宣扬了孔学，还培养了大量的人才。 为什么德行如此脆弱如此无力？因为德是统治者需要具备的，小老百姓有没有没关系。相反，当天下缺德的时候，一个小老百姓太有德行反而是件麻烦事。 出个谜语：孔子最出色的学生是谁？答案是“门”，因为“从我于陈蔡者，皆不及门也”。 既然“德行”的弟子们都混得不好，逆向思维一下，是不是“缺德”的弟子会混得比较好呢？这个问题值得考虑。