Chapter 2 Qian Dehong Xu - The Destiny of Writing

Qian Dehong (1496-1574), originally named Kuan and courtesy name Hongfu, was born in Yuyao, Zhejiang (now under the administration of Ningbo City).Once read "Yi" in Lingxu Mountain, known as Mr. Xushan.A philosopher, thinker, and educator in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and a student of Wang Yangming, he is one of the important representatives of Confucianism after Wang Yangming. He is as famous as the philosopher and thinker Wang Longxi in the same period.Qian Dehong sorted out the main works of Wang Yangming, revised Wang Yangming's chronology, and further elaborated and developed Xinxue, which played a great role in the spread and popularization of Yangmingxue.

When my husband first returned to Vietnam, there were still very few friends, and since then the number of travelers from all over the world has increased day by day.After the year of Guiwei, Mr. Huan lived in a house, like a concubine of heaven, and in all temples of light. In each room, there were dozens of people who often ate together. There was no place to lie down at night. .The mountains of Nanzhen, Yuxue, and Yangmingdong are far and near temples and temples, and they are all listed here, which are nothing but places where gays live and sleep.Every time Mr. gives a lecture, there are often no less than hundreds of people sitting in front, back, left, and left to listen, and there are no empty days in the moon.There are even those who are old enough to wait and cannot remember their names all over the place.Every time we parted, Mr. often sighed and said: "Although you are farewell, you will not leave the world. If you share this ambition, I can forget your appearance."I heard that the elders of the same school said: "Before the Southern Capital, although there were many friends who came to travel, they were not as prosperous as those in Yue. Although this lecture has been taught for a long time, and the trust has gradually gained, it must also be Mr.'s learning and inspiration. There is no way to change, and there are also differences.”

De Hong said: In the past, Nanyuan was good at engraving in Yue, and there are two volumes.The second volume is an excerpt from the handwriting of the former teacher, and there are eight articles.In reply to Xu Chengzhi's second book, my teacher said that "the world is Zhu Feilu, and it has been established for a long time. Once it is difficult to reverse it, Er Shugu mediates the ambiguity and makes people think about it."Therefore, Yuan Shanlu is the first one in the second volume, so does that mean it?Now the distinction between Zhu and Lu has been known in the world for a long time.In "Wenlu" written by Hong Ke's predecessor, those who put two books in "Waiji" show that they are not complete, so they will not be recorded again today.

The rest refers to the "noumenon of knowledge and action", which is not detailed in "Answers on Human Studies" and the four books of Zhou Daotong, Lu Qingbo, and Ouyang Chongyi; and that "getting things is a place where scholars can see every day when they work hard" is not detailed in the answer to Luo Zheng'an Book.I have risked all my life to slander the world, and I will die all my life, let alone forget to give lectures. I am afraid that we will not hear this way, and I will fall into barbarians and beasts without realizing it. Just die.The painstaking efforts of the sages and sages since Confucius and Mencius, although they are disciples of the disciples, are not enough to comfort their feelings.It is love, which cannot be seen in the first book of answering Nie Wenwei.These are still the old ones recorded by Yuan Shan.However, it is not detailed in the second book of Answer Wenwei, so it is added.

Yuan Shan was very violent at the time, but he was able to understand the Tao with his own body, and he was reprimanded for rape.At the moment of Si Lu, people see that he has made great contributions to his comrades, but they don't know how difficult the situation is.What is to be taken today, the righteousness of the time of judgment is the same, and it is not forbearance to add damage to it. When my husband just resigned from office and returned to Yuedi, there were not many friends who came to visit him. Later, more and more people came to study and teach from all over the world.After the year of Guiwei, the houses around Mr.'s house were already overcrowded, such as Tianfei, Guang and other temples. In each bedroom, there are often dozens of people who live and eat together. They can't lie down at night, so they have to take turns to sleep. Day and night.The temples near Nanzhen, Yuxue, and Yangmingdong have become a place for like-minded people to wander as long as they can stand.Every time my husband is going to give a lecture, there are often no less than a few hundred people sitting around to listen to the lecture, welcoming and sending them off every day.There are even those who have been here for more than a year and do not know their names.Every time it was time to say goodbye, my husband often sighed and said: "Although you are gone, we are still in this world. If you have the same aspirations as me, I will be very proud!" Every time the students go out after listening to the lecture , never without jumping to say yes.I once heard a senior from the same school say: "Before you worshiped the Minister of the Ministry of War in Nanjing, although there were many people following you, it was not as grand as it is now in Yuedi. Although it is said that you have been teaching for a long time, your reputation is getting better and better. , but more importantly, Mr.’s academics are becoming more and more sophisticated, and his charisma and practicality are naturally quite different from before.”

Qian Dehong (me) said: In the past, Nan Yuanshan engraved in Yuedi, which was divided into two volumes, the upper and the lower.The second volume contains eight letters from Mr.Among them, in the two letters "Answer to Xu Chengzhi", the master said: "People in the world affirm that Zhu Xi denies Lu Jiuyuan. This kind of judgment has been made for a long time. It is very difficult to reverse it. These two articles are for the moment. People think for themselves to gain something.” Therefore, Nam Won-sun probably intended to put these two letters at the beginning of the second volume.Now, the world has understood the connotation of Zhu Lu's debate.When I engraved my husband's "Wen Lu", I put the two letters in "Outer Collection", mainly because some viewpoints are not perfect, so I don't include them now.

The other expositions on the noumenon of knowing and doing are the most detailed in the four letters including "Answer to Ren Lunxue", "Answer to Zhou Daotong Shu", "Answer to Lu Qingbo Shu" and "Answer to Ouyang Chongyi".As for the theory of Gewu that discusses scholars' daily hard work, the most detailed one is "Answer to Luozheng'an Shu".He risked the criticism of the world all his life, and never forgot to give lectures in the adversity of death, lest we do not understand the way, and be confused by utilitarianism and skills, so that we will become beasts and barbarians without knowing it.Mr. has devoted his life to pursuing the state of being one with the world and all things, and he did not stop until his death.This kind of good intentions unique to the sages since Confucius and Mencius has not been relieved in the slightest by the comfort of students and relatives.This feeling is most clearly expressed in the first letter of "Answer to Nie Wenwei".These letters are all collected according to the old version recorded by Nan Yuanshan.And revealing the skills of "must have something to do" and "reaching conscience", using clear and concise language, so that people can do it after listening, is the second letter of Mr. "Answer to Nie Wenwei", so here I also add recorded.

Nan Yuanshan was in a dangerous situation at that time, and he still took it as his duty to teach his master's theory, and was eventually squeezed out by treacherous officials, but he felt lucky because he was able to hear his teacher's theory in his life, and he never had the slightest worry or remorse.He recorded, people only saw that he was a great help to friends who were interested in learning, but they didn't know the difficulty he was in at that time.The additions and deletions I am making to its version are out of consideration for the current situation, not because I have the heart to add or subtract.

Wang Shouren is an all-round talent in civil and military affairs. He rode on horses to rule the army and dismounted to rule the people.Later, he was taboo because of his high achievements, so he resigned from office and returned to his hometown to give lectures. He established academies in Shaoxing and Yuyao to preach "Wang Xue".The first part of Qian Dehong's Preface introduces Wang Yangming's lectures after he resigned from office and returned to Yuedi;