Chapter 61 "Borrowing Books and Idiots"

"Borrowing Books and Idiots" The bibliophiles of the Song Dynasty in China had an interesting theory about borrowing and returning books.them Some people advocate not lending books to others, but at the same time they advocate that borrowed books should not be returned.They believe that lending books to It is a foolish thing; returning books to others is even more foolish.This theory has even become a proverb, and some people have extended it, To think that borrowing books from others is already one idiot; Asking people to return them is the three idiots; borrowing books and returning them is the four idiots.The theory of the four idiots borrowing books, in the North

It was quite popular among book collectors in the Song Dynasty. There are many people who recorded this story in the writings of the Song people, and there are differences between the words and sentences. It is an interesting anecdote about the issue of borrowing books from Chinese bibliophiles. Lu Xizhe was the son of Lu Gong, and Huizong dismissed him because of the party disaster. The book "Lu Shi Miscellaneous Notes" says: "Yu When I was young, an old teacher said to Yu: "Borrowing books and giving them back, borrowing books and returning them, both are idiots."smell it

I don't like it. " Volume 10 of Wang Mao's "Ye Ke Series" says: "Li Zhengwen's resources and leisure collections say: Borrowing books is a common saying that one borrows one idiot, With the second idiot, ask for the third idiot, and return the fourth idiot.Du Yuankai also left his son's book saying: "Books should not be borrowed from others."An old proverb goes: Borrow books Sneak it, return the book with a sneer, and the later generations will know it as crazy.Or say: Idiots are meaningless, treat them as 瓻. Puguan Guangyun notes the rhyme of Zhang Meng, and the characters of "瓻" contained in it all say that the book is also a wine container.Therefore, Zeng Wenqing notarized Zheng Shilang

The poem of Tongjian said: "Let me take a lesson, there is no difference between the salary and the public."Also see Lu Zhi's poem cloud: May the public lend me the bibliography, when Give a fish to unlock the lock.Su Yangzhi said in a poem: Don't say that there are only three suitcases for poverty and illness, and there is no one for borrowed books.Said again: go Stop three boxes of books, and return to death with a cup of wine.He also said: "I don't have three cases of Anshi's books, and I have a gulp of Yangxiong wine too much, so I make a gill." The barbarian owl.Recently, I saw Yuyin returning to the canal, and I also cited Huang poetry as evidence."

Here Wang first denies the general view of the old proverb that borrowing and returning books is idiocy or scoffing, and believes that it should be This is called 瓻, which refers to the etiquette of the ancients. When borrowing and returning books, all books are accompanied by 瓻 full of wine.Then cited Huang ShanGu, Su The poems of Yangzhi and Yangzhi about borrowing books say that they both use the owl of the barbarian.There are four different words in one sentence, It can be described as interesting. Chi and chi have similar meanings, they both mean to ridicule borrowing and returning books.As for the word 瓻, say

Both Wen and Guangyun are wine vessels.Note cloud: The big one is one stone, the small one is five buckets, and the ancient borrowed books are also used to hold wine bottles. The ancients used wine to show courtesy when borrowing and returning books. Although it is an ancient proverb, it is a pity that we cannot find out about this custom. What solid grounds.Because apart from the small note in the rhyme book under the characters of 瓻, there is no other information about this borrowing. Records of ancient customs.As for the word 鸱 used by Su Huang and others, it is because 鸱 is also a kind of wine container. "tour

Huan Ji Wen says: "Borrowing books is an idiot, and returning books is an idiot, or the word sneer, this is vulgar and has no adverbial words. The predecessors said that borrowing books and returning books, All in one piece.The rhyme of the Ministry of Rites says that it is a wine vessel.The valley borrowed the bibliography from the poems to the Hu Dynasty, and at the end of the couplet, I wish the public Lend my collection of books, and give a fish to unlock the lock from time to time.Po Weng and Tao Shiyun, instead of holding two cups of wine, are willing to borrow a cart of books.

The king of Wu took Wu Zixu's body, filled it with barbarian leather, and floated it in the water.Ying Shaori took horse leather and made it into Yiyi, in the shape of a scorpion. Fan Li's nickname is Chi Yi Zi Pi.The old master said, it is like a barbarian holding wine.Yangtze Cloud Wine Proverb: Chi Yi is funny, with a belly as big as pot.Master Gu Yun said that the barbarians used leather pouches to hold wine.Su Huang used the word "鸱" to write this. " According to the textual research of various schools, the Chiyi used as a wine container is made of animal leather such as cows and horses.

The pouch is shaped like a pigskin pouch used to hold wine in the middle ages in Europe, or like a cowhide raft used to cross the Yellow River. As for the reason for the name "鸱", it is said to be pictographic, which symbolizes that the belly of the owl is as big as a gourd and can accommodate many things. Therefore, after Fan Li fled, he called himself Chiyi Zipi, which meant that he could bear and tolerate him.Japan has A kind of pottery for holding wine, shaped like an owl, with its belly sticking out, quite similar to what Yang Ziyun called "owl". The Yi is funny, the belly is as big as a pot", which may be a legacy of the ancient Chinese Yi Yi.

Calling borrowing and returning books an idiot or a sneer is unreasonable and unkind, but borrowing and returning books requires wine, and It was too solemn.Although the ancients had stories of serving wine with Han books, I am afraid that not all bibliophiles may be drinking wine. Christian?I thought that one idiot who borrowed books and one idiot who returned books must be a proverb mocking bibliophiles for their idiocy, while the ancients Because it is not easy to get books, and I am embarrassed to borrow books empty-handed, I must carry a little respect with me, maybe occasionally Bring a bottle of wine.If it is said that wine must be used to borrow and return books, and as explained in Guangyun and other books, borrowing books

There is also a special wine container for returning books, so I can't believe it.