Chapter 35 Pamphlets and Book Titles

Pamphlets and Book Titles Mentioning the wooden slips reminds me that there is another very precious cultural relic of the ancestors in our country, which is now also in the The United States has gone, and that is a silk fabric with text and paintings unearthed in the tomb of Chu in the Warring States Period in Changsha. It is "silk script" or "picture book".Just imagine, the words written by the people of the Han Dynasty on wood and bamboo chips have already It is already an extremely precious cultural relic for us. This piece of text written on silk in the Warring States Period is earlier than the Han Dynasty.

It has been preserved for many years, and it is the only one that has never been found before. Its value in the cultural history of our country The value is simply inestimable. Originally, before this Chu tomb silk script was discovered, the research on ancient Chinese writing tools and books was usually done. People in the process of style evolution think that the use of silk to make books is after bamboo and wood, or used together with bamboo and wood. Although "Jizhong Zhoushu" was written on bamboo slips, it has only been seen in records and has not seen the real thing.Can see the real thing

It is the wooden slips left by the Han people, namely the so-called "Juyan Han slips" that have not been returned in the United States. It allows us to see the shape of the writing tools and books of the Han Dynasty.As for the text written on silk Words have never been found.It is the first time that this silk script has been unearthed from the Chu tomb of the Warring States Period in Changsha, and it is actually Before the Qin and Han Dynasties.This not only allows us to see the calligraphy and paintings written by people in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and the "textile"

The shape of the real object, and also corrected the mistakes of the predecessors, so that we know that before the Qin and Han Dynasties, people at that time except In addition to using bamboo slips and wooden slips, books have long been written in silk. Bamboo slips, wooden slips, and silk are the original writing before we had paper and printing Writing tools.Many of the titles in our books today come from this.day For a long time, these names have been taken for granted, and their original meanings have gradually been forgotten. If we call a book a "book" today, this character is a pictographic character, which means that the bamboo is used

In the era of simple wooden slips, a text written by the headmaster cannot be written on one wooden slip, and needs to be written on many wooden slips superior.Each piece of this kind of wooden slip is only a few minutes wide and more than a foot long. The ancients weaved them up and down with ropes. When worn together, it is called "book", also known as "jian book", which is exactly what we call a book a "book" today. origin. There is another kind of square wooden slip, on which more characters can be written at one time, which is specially used for writing

For books or letters, it was called "Diao" at that time to distinguish it from "Jian", so later generations called official documents "Gongguan". Slips", and letters are called "chidots", because this system of square wooden slips is one foot square. In the era when bamboo slips were used, the freshly cut bamboo slips had bamboo green on them, which made it impossible to write on them, so they must be removed. Cut it open and cut it clean, or bake it on the fire to remove the green juice, so there are "killing" and "history".

A class of nouns.When we say that a book is written or printed today, it is called "completed". I humbly say that my articles are not good and not worth printing, so I say "it's a waste of history", and I use all of them Allusions from the bamboo slip era. The words on the wooden slips can be scraped off and rewritten if they are written incorrectly.If the bamboo slips and wooden slips that have been used are cut off Layer, completely cut off the writing on it, so that it can be used as a new one.So today we When writing poems and articles, and asking others to correct them, they always say "cut with the axe" or "correct with the axe".

It is also an allusion left over from the "Jianchu" era. When writing a book on the bamboo chip, if the number of words is too many and the length is long, it is necessary to connect many bamboo chips and wood chips together. It is inconvenient to read through stacks.Especially if the rope that runs through the slides is broken, it will be a mess. If the order is messy, it will be a big trouble.And it may be a common thing, especially for scholars or responsible Civil servants who handle documents often encounter such embarrassing and tricky situations.According to ancient books, Confucius

Reasonable, read it again and again, resulting in "Wei Bian's Three Wonders".That is to say, those who run through "Yi The Piso of the slides of the Classic, because he read too hard, has been broken three times. Silk fabrics in our country were used before cotton cloth.Wait until silk is also used for writing tool, it is much more convenient than bamboo slips and wooden slips, because the length can be cut at will, and there is no need to The pieces are to be pierced with ropes. After the silk was used as a writing tool, as far as the form of books in our country is concerned, it has greatly improved once.

Revolution, because after the silk is written, it can be stored as long as it is rolled together, and there is no need to run through it with a rope.This As a result, a new term appeared in the form of books: "volume".Because these "silk books" are It can be rolled up one by one.From then on, a book is called a "volume".This form until the paper After Zhang's invention, it is still in use, because books copied on paper can be connected together by many pieces of paper, rolled into a roll.This form of books was still popular until the Tang Dynasty.In the ancient scripture cave in Dunhuang, there was once

Numerous manuscripts in this form, known as juanzi, have been found. Books have reached the era of "juanzi", and their form is very similar to the hand scrolls we see today.At that time in order to make These rolled books are easy to unwind, and a wooden stick is used as a shaft at the beginning, and the paper is pasted on it, because The ancients have a rich collection of books, so they are called "inserted ten thousand shafts". Sometimes, one roll of paper cannot finish a book, and it needs to be written on many rolls of paper.rolls of paper Put them together and wrap them with a piece of cloth, which was called "Zhi" by the ancients.Zhi is sometimes used Made of something like a bamboo curtain.That's why we now call a letter a book. Up to this point, our books have not had "leaves".Books evolve to one leaf and one leaf bound into one The form of the booklet came into being with the invention of printing.Before that, our so-called books were all Copied by hand, none of them have been printed yet.