Chapter 3 Chapter 1 Chinese Translation of Buddhist Literature

Buddhism was founded in India and was introduced to China through the Western Regions. If it is to be carried forward and the majority of people can believe in it, it is necessary to spread the teachings widely and penetrate the masses.However, the Buddhist scriptures that preach the teachings are recorded in Sanskrit or other foreign languages. In order for the Chinese people to understand them, they must be translated into Chinese.Translating Buddhist scriptures is a very difficult job.One is that the Buddhist scriptures are said by the Buddha or explained by the Bodhisattvas, and the translation must be serious and prudent; the second is that the number of Buddhist scriptures is too large to be completed by a few people in a short period of time; the third is that the two systems of thought and the two languages ​​have their own differences. Each has its own characteristics, so it is difficult to translate it appropriately①.

In terms of the translation of Buddhist scriptures, many masters in the religion since the Han and Wei dynasties (many of them came from the West) have spent extraordinary energy and achieved brilliant achievements.It has also undergone development and changes: At first, it was an individual translation without any organization, and gradually developed into a large-scale and well-organized translation field; at first, it was a few fragments, and gradually developed into the translation of hundreds of volumes and a complete scripture; It emphasizes the pursuit of achievement, and often does not follow the original intention, and gradually develops into the pursuit of trustworthiness, which requires the slightest bit of satisfaction.In this way, during the 700 years from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the middle of the Tang Dynasty, many, many Buddhist scriptures and scriptures of the Tripitaka have been translated into Chinese. ①Huijiao's "Biography of Eminent Monks" Volume 2 "Biography of Kumarajiva": "The customs of Tianzhu state attach great importance to literary system, and the rhyme of the palace and merchants is good for entering the strings. Anyone who visits the king must have praise and see the Buddha. , taking the responsibility of singing and lamenting, the verses in the scriptures are all in their style. However, changing Sanskrit to Qin loses its splendor, although it needs to be careless. It is different from the style of writing. Yeh."

The Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures preach Buddhist teachings and are basically philosophical works.But it is closely related to literature in the following two aspects: (1) the translation creates a unique style; (2) there are many beautiful literary works in Buddhist scriptures. 1. The translation creates a unique style During the Han and Wei Dynasties, the characters used by ordinary literati to express their emotions were the ancient prose of the Qin and Han Dynasties, which are praised by later generations.After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the prose style of prose gradually tended to parallel couplets. The sentences were required to be neat and symmetrical, the syllables were required to be flat and harmonious, and the words were required to be smooth and gorgeous.No matter it is ancient prose or parallel style, they are all native Chinese elegant language commonly used by literati.

The translation of Buddhist scriptures in foreign languages ​​into Chinese has to be limited by three conditions.On the one hand, foreign languages ​​have lexical and grammatical characteristics of foreign languages. In order to be faithful to the original text, some styles different from Chinese have to be retained①.On the other hand, the translation of Buddhist scriptures into Chinese requires the majority of people to be able to understand it, which must be popular. Therefore, it is not suitable to write completely in elegant ancient Chinese or Zaoli parallel style.On the other hand, Buddhist teachings are foreign, and if you want to gain the attention of the upper class, the translation must not be too vulgar, so you must appropriately use the elegant language of the time.In this way, the translation of Buddhist scriptures has gradually created a special style of harmony between elegance and vulgarity, which is plain and concise.

-------- ① Liang Qichao's "Translation of Buddhist Scriptures": "The literary style of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties is the so-called 'decline of the eight generations'. It is full of obscenity, which makes people want to groan. How can it achieve the purpose of translating books with this! An Gong's mouth is saved, good is not a last resort Therefore, the books he supervised the translation of are said to be "pass the case from the original, without causing damage to the words and words, and change the sentence from time to time, and the rest of the record is complete." "("Eighteen Chapters on Buddhist Studies", Volume 2)

Here are a few translations by master translators as examples. 1.It was heard that the Buddha was in the Sravasti country only to give the Lonely Garden a tree.The Buddha told the bhikkhus: "Listen to me explaining the book of all dharmas." Confrontation: "That's the only way." The World Honored One said: "If there are outsiders and different schools who come to ask, what is the book of dharma? You should answer it. If you want to be the book of all dharma. What is it? Practice, more practice. What is the same interest, pain is the same interest. What is the cause of being, the thought is the cause of being. What is the clear way, thinking is the clear way. What is the first, samadhi is the first. What is the best, wisdom is the best. What is solid , Liberation is solid. What is the ultimate, Nihuan is the ultimate. Such monks, want to be the book of all dharmas, and learn more about all dharmas. Pain is the same interest of all dharmas. It is the first of all dharmas, wisdom is the highest of all dharmas, liberation is the firmness of all dharmas, and mud is the ultimate of all dharmas.”

2.Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva walks the deep Prajna Paramita for a long time, sees the five yin and emptiness, and endures all hardships.Sheriff!Because of the emptiness of form, there is no sign of annoyance; because of emptiness, there is no sign of feeling; because of emptiness of thinking, there is no sign of knowing;Why?Sheriff!Non-form is different from emptiness, non-empty is different from form; form is emptiness, and emptiness is form.Want to know that line, same is the case.Sheriff!It is the empty phase of all dharmas, neither born nor destroyed, neither dirty nor clean, neither increasing nor decreasing.Therefore, empty law is neither the past nor the future nor the present.That is why there is no color in the air, no feeling, thought, line, consciousness, no eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, mind, colorless, sound, fragrance, taste, touch, dharma, no vision, and even unconscious world, no ignorance. There is no ignorance, no ignorance, no old age and death, no old age and death, no suffering, no origin, no extinction, no way, no wisdom and no gain.Because there is no gain, the Bodhisattva depends on Prajna Paramita, so there is no hindrance in the heart, no hindrance, no terror, far away from all upside-down dreams and distress, and finally Nirvana.The Buddhas of the third age, according to Prajna Paramita, have obtained Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi.It is known that Prajna Paramita is a great Ming mantra, an infinite mantra, and an infinite mantra, which can eliminate all suffering and is true and true. (Kumarajiva's translation of "The Great Ming Mantra")

3.At that time, the World-Honored One said this eulogy, and there were countless hundreds of thousands of sentient beings in the assembly, who had heard the Dharma by mistake, misunderstood the emptiness, removed cause and effect, cut off the roots of goodness, and went to various evil places. .That is to say, stand up from the seat, prostrate at the Buddha's feet, feel ashamed deeply in front of the World Honored One, sincerely repent, put your palms together respectfully and say to the Buddha: "Great Virtue World Honored One! We originally planted good roots in the Shravakayana, but we have not yet matured the Shravakayana." Afterwards, when I encounter the multiplication method of self-awareness, if I can’t be confused, I will give birth to empty views, and I will remove the cause and effect. From the causes and conditions, I will create immeasurable sin karma in body, speech and mind, and go to all evil places. We, who have heard and preached this sutra before the World Honored One, Still have to see rightly, deeply ashamed, revealing and repenting, dare not to hide again, wish to eradicate all, from now on, never do it again, and protect all future sins and hindrances. They are all destroyed, and will never be recreated in the next life. I only hope that the World-Honored One will be compassionate and help us, and we will be rewarded in the evil realms. We are still willing to receive the Shravakas that we have practiced before, and only hope that the World-Honored One will teach you "The World Honored One said: "Good work! Good! You are so ashamed, confessed and repented. In my Dharma, there are two kinds of people who do not commit any crimes: one is those who have a special nature and do not commit any crimes;

The two offenders have been ashamed and confessed their repentance.These two kinds of people, in my Dharma, are called those who are brave and healthy. "So the World Honored One did as he liked, conveniently explaining the Four Noble Truths. The three translations quoted above represent the early, middle and late periods. In the early days, the foreign atmosphere was heavy, and the local atmosphere increased later.But even in the translations of the Tang Dynasty, we can easily detect that this is a new style other than that of Chinese articles.Its shortcoming is that it is not very fluent, but it is concise, simple, and popular, so it makes people feel earnest, which is worth noting in terms of expression.

2. Literary achievements of translations of Buddhist scriptures As mentioned above, Buddhist scriptures preach Buddhist teachings and are basically philosophical works.However, compared with general philosophical works, Buddhist scriptures have an important feature, that is, they contain a strong literary component.Here are four examples of this situation. (1) reasoning For example: 1.In the former world, there were rich and foolish people, and there were ignorant and ignorant people.When I went to Yu Fu's house, I saw the three-storied building, tall, spacious, majestic and beautiful, open and spacious, and I yearned for it, so I thought:

"I have wealth and money that is not less than that. How soon can I not build such a building?" He called the carpenter and asked, "Does that mean that the house is upright?" The carpenter replied, "I did it." Even the language: "Today I can build a building like that." At that time, the carpenter built the building through the ground.When the fool sees that it is built as a house, he is still suspicious and unable to understand it, so he asks, "What do you want?" The carpenter replies, "Build a three-story house." The fool replies: "I don't want to build a two-story house. You can make the highest house for me." The carpenter replied, "There is no such thing. How can you build the first house without making the lowest house? How can you build the third house if you don't build the second house?" He said: "I don't need to build a second-story house now, but I will definitely be the best for me." When people heard about it, they laughed strangely, and said this: "Why can't you build the first house and get the top?" For example, the disciples of the four generations of the World Honored One were unable to diligently cultivate and respect the Three Jewels, were lazy and slack, and wanted to seek the fruit of the Tao. They said: "I don't need the remaining three fruits, but I only seek the fruit of the Arhat." No difference. (Seek Napidi to translate "Hundred Metaphors Sutra Triple Tower Metaphor") 2.Asked: "What are the benefits of sandalwood, so the Bodhisattva lives in the prajna paramita, and the sandalwood is full?" The answer: "There are various benefits of sandalwood. Sandalwood is a treasure, and it often follows people. Sandalwood is for breaking suffering and can be happy with others. Sandalwood is a good ruler, showing the way of heaven. Sandalwood is a good talisman, photographing all good people. Sandalwood is An Yin, and when dying, the heart is not afraid. Sandalwood is a kindness, which can help everything. Sandalwood is a collection of joy, which can break bitter thieves. Tan is a general. Can subdue the enemy. Sandalwood is a wonderful fruit, loved by heaven and man. Sandalwood is the pure way, where sages travel. Sandalwood is the door to accumulate good fortune. Sandalwood is the edge of gathering people for doing things. Sandalwood is the seed of good deeds to receive fruit. Sandalwood is blessing The appearance of good people. Sandalwood breaks poverty and cuts off the three evil ways. Sandalwood can fully reap the fruits of happiness. Sandalwood is the first cause of Nirvana, the key to entering the gathering of good people, the abyss of praise and praise, and the merits and virtues of entering all without difficulty , the cave house with no regrets, the root of virtuous practice, the grove of all kinds of joy, the blessed field of wealth and peace, the Jinliang of the Tao and Nirvana, the actions of the sages and wise men, and the emulation of others who are frugal and ignorant. Again, it is like a house on fire. A shrewd person knows the situation well. Before the fire arrives, he rushes out his belongings. Although the house is burned, all the belongings are still there, and he repairs the house. The same is true for the generous person, who knows that his body is in danger. , wealth is impermanent, and timely cultivation of blessings is like a thing out of fire, and future generations will enjoy it. It is also like that person who builds a house and celebrates blessings to masturbate. The foolish person knows how to cherish the house and rush to rescue. The fire, the strong wind and the flames, the scorched earth and rocks, and the sound of the sound, all wiped out, the house is not saved, the property is also gone, the hunger, cold and hunger, and the sorrow and sorrow. Even if you don’t want to protect for a moment, you will gather more, protect and cherish, die for an indefinite period, and disappear suddenly, the shape and the earth and trees flow together, and the wealth and things are discarded. It is like a fool who loses his plan in sorrow." (Kumarajiva Translated by Kumarajiva "" "Theory of Great Wisdom" Volume 11) The two passages cited above both illustrate the truth.To clarify abstract principles, the text requires rigorous, profound, and strong logic, which tends to be boring, dull, and lack of interest.Buddhist scriptures promote Buddhist teachings, which are very different from general argumentative essays. Although the truths are profound and far-reaching, they are often written in simple terms, friendly and vivid, and can be fascinating.Although the two passages quoted above both use a serious attitude to clarify practical and important truths, they are written beautifully and vividly.So it can be like this, mainly because of the writing techniques of literary works.For example, metaphors are used in both paragraphs to imply abstract truths in concrete things; people in metaphors often use descriptions and dialogues to show their voices and smiles; rhetorical skills are also used appropriately, especially those selected from A section of "Great Wisdom" describes the merits of giving, and uses parallelism continuously. It reads gorgeously and well-proportioned, and it has the meaning of Chinese Fu. (2) Narrative For example: 1.At that time, the elder Vimalakīrti thought to himself that he was sick in bed, the World Honored One is so merciful, would he rather not be ashamed?The Buddha knew what he meant, so he told Shariputra: "You practice Vimalakirti and ask about diseases." Go to Vimalakirti and inquire about illnesses." Moggallana said to the Buddha, "World Honored One! I can't bear to let him inquire about illnesses..." The Buddha told Mahathir Kassapa, "You practice Vimalakirti and ask about illnesses." Kasyapa said to the Buddha: "World Honored One! I can't bear to ask him about illnesses..." The Buddha said to Subhuti: "You practice Vimalakirti and ask about illnesses." Luna Mithara Nizi: "You practice Vimalakirti and inquire about diseases." Fu Luna said to the Buddha: "World Honored One! I can't bear to let him inquire about diseases..." The Buddha told Mahakajanyan: "You practice Vimalakirti asks about illnesses." Kajanyan said to the Buddha: "World Honored One! I can't bear to let him ask about illnesses..." The Buddha told Anarud: "You practice Vimalakirti and ask about illnesses." Anarud said to the Buddha: "World Honored One! I can't bear to ask him about illnesses..." The Buddha said to Upali: "You practice Vimalakirti and ask about illnesses." Upali said to the Buddha: "I can't bear to ask about illnesses at will......." Buddha Tell Rahula: "You practice Vimalakirti and ask about diseases." Rahula said to the Buddha: "World Honored One! I can't bear to let him ask you about diseases..." The Buddha told Ananda: "You practice Vimalakirti and ask about diseases. "Ananda said to the Buddha: "World Honored One! I can't bear to ask him about his illness. So what? Recalling the past, the World Honored One had a small illness and used cow's milk. Majie came and said to me: "Only, Ananda! Why do you hold a bowl here in the morning?" I said: "Layman! The World Honored One is small and sick, so he should use cow's milk, so he came here." Vimalakirti said: "Stop , Stop, Ananda! Do not make such words. The body of the Tathagata, the body of the Vajra, all evils have been cut off, and all the good things are universal. Letting other people hear such rough words will not allow the mighty and virtuous heavens and bodhisattvas from other pure lands to hear these words. Ananda! The wheel-turning sage king is still free from illness because of a small amount of blessings. The victor! Let it go, Ananda! Don't make us feel ashamed. If a heretic Brahmacharist hears this remark, he should read it as it is: "What is the name of a teacher?Self-illness cannot be saved, but people with all kinds of diseases can be saved? "You can go away quickly, and don't let people hear it. You should know, Ananda! The body of the Tathagata is the dharma body, not the body of thinking and desire. The Buddha is the World Honored One, transcending the three realms. The body of the Buddha has no leaks, and all leaks have been exhausted. The body of the Buddha is inaction, not the body of desire I have fallen into various numbers. With such a body, what disease should I have?'At that time, I, World Honored One! I am really ashamed, and I have not been close to the Buddha, so I heard it wrongly? Then I heard a voice in the sky saying:'Ananda! In the evil world of the five turbidities, the practice of this method is to liberate sentient beings. It’s done, Ananda! Don’t be ashamed when you take your breasts.’ World Honored One! Vimalakīrti’s wisdom and eloquence is just like this, so I don’t allow you to ask questions about illnesses.” Each of the hundred great disciples explained to the Buddha their origins and narrated what Vimalakirti had said, but they all said that they would not let them ask questions about illnesses. (Kumarajiva's translation of "The Sutras Said by Vimalakirti·Disciples") 2.The Buddha told Ananda: "Emperors in the world have hundreds of thousands of music, from the sage king who turns the wheel to the sixth heaven, the sound of prostitute music is thousands of billions of times better than the ten thousand kinds of music on the sixth day, not as good as the seven treasure trees in the kingdom of immeasurable life. There are hundreds of billions of times this kind of sound. There are also thousands of natural prostitute music. And its music is free of outlaw sounds, clear and mournful, subtle and elegant, among the sounds of the world in the ten directions, it is the first. Its lecture halls, palace buildings Look, all the seven treasures are adorned, naturally formed, and then covered with pearls, bright moon, mani, and many treasures. There are various bathing pools inside, outside, left, and right, ranging from ten yojanas, or twenty-three, or even hundreds of thousands of yojanas. Each has a first class. The water of the eight meritorious virtues is clear and full, clean and fragrant, and tastes like nectar. Those in the golden pool have silver sand on the bottom. Those in the silver pool have golden sand on the bottom. , fine sand at the bottom of the water. Coral pools, amber sand at the bottom. Amber pools, bottom coral sand. Tridacna pools, bottom agate sand. Agate pools, bottom clam sand. White jade pools, bottom purple gold sand. Purple gold pool The bottom is white jade sand. There may be two treasures, three treasures, or even seven treasures, which are combined and synthesized. There are sandalwood trees on the bank of the pool, with flowers and leaves hanging down, and the fragrance is widespread. Tianyou Boluohua, Botanmohua, and Kumoutouhua If the Bodhisattvas and the voice-hearers enter the treasure pond, if they want to fill the water, the water will not be enough; if they want to reach their knees, they will reach their knees; if they want to make them reach their waists , the water reaches the waist; if it reaches the neck, the water reaches the neck: if you want to pour the body, it will pour the body naturally; .Clear and clear, pure as if invisible. Precious sands are reflected, no depth is not illuminated. Slight waves flow back, turn into phases, pass away peacefully, without delay or illness. The waves are immeasurable, and the natural wonderful sound follows the situation. Those who hear it. (Volume 1 of Kang Sengkai's translation of "The Sutra of the Buddha Says the Infinite Life") Buddhist scriptures promote Buddhist teachings, and the most commonly used style of note-taking.When the reason is explained by a specific person, it becomes practical and easy to understand.Compared with general chronicles, Buddhist scriptures have their own unique style.This is mainly manifested in the following aspects.One is vivid. When writing about a person, focus on describing his voice and smile; when writing about an object, focus on describing its shape and structure, often with meticulous care in order to achieve a realistic image.The second is fantastic imagination.Buddhist scriptures like to create strange realms the most, and are also best at creating strange realms.In this respect, the richness of imagination in Buddhist scriptures is astonishing, it gallops freely and guides readers into the world of illusion.This world is beautiful, magnificent, novel, and full of changes. Traveling in such a world will make you feel that there is a world beyond the sky.The third is the twists and turns of the plot.The narratives of Buddhist scriptures are often multiplied and complicated, with twists and turns, so that they are interesting, turbulent, story-like, and fascinating.The above characteristics make the narrative text of Buddhist scriptures full of literary meaning, such as the two passages quoted above. (3) Story For example: 1.In the past, there was a Brahman whose wife was young and strong, beautiful in appearance, full of lust, and lustful.Because there is my aunt, I can't do what I want, and I secretly plot to hurt my aunt.Deception is filial piety, to deceive the husband's will, to work hard day and night, and to provide without shortage.Her husband was very happy, and said to her: "If you provide for me now, I will be a filial wife. My mother will invest in her old age, and I will get your strength." It is for wish fulfillment. There is quite a magic method, but is it born in heaven? The husband and wife said: "Brahman method, throwing a rock into the fire, burning the body five times, if you do this, you will be born in heaven." The woman replied: "If there is a law, I can be born in heaven and receive the offerings of nature. Why bother to work hard and accept the offerings of the world." "The words have been made, and the husband believes what he said, so it is convenient for Noda to build a big fire pit, accumulate more firewood, and it will be very hot. He set up a meeting on the pit, helped the old mother, and called the Brahmins who were close to the party. They went to the clubhouse and played music String songs, full of joy, and the whole day. The guests dispersed, and the mother lived alone. The couple took the mother to the fire pit, pushed the mother into the pit, and left without paying attention. At that time, there was a small scorpion in the fire pit, and the mother fell on the scorpion, but did not fall into the fire. The mother found out the pit, the sun was already dark, and according to the time, she wanted to return home. Passing through the jungle, the place was dark and dark, afraid of tigers, wolves, Raksha ghosts, etc., and climbed up the humble tree to avoid fear. Will be valued by thieves, A lot of treasures were stolen, and the gangs followed each other, resting under the tree. The old mother was afraid, afraid to move, unable to control herself, and coughed on the tree. The thief heard the coughing sound, called it an evil spirit, abandoned the property, and everyone dispersed. At dawn, the old mother was calm and fearless, so she went down the tree and picked out treasures. Fragrant wreaths and pearls, gold bracelets and earrings, and other strange things, were full of miscellaneous things. They went home. When the couple saw their mother, they were stunned and frightened, saying that they were ghosts. Don't dare to come near. Mother is language: "I have been born and died, and I have gained many treasures." And the woman said: "Scented necklaces and pearls, gold chains and earrings are used by your parents, aunts and sisters to give you. I am old and weak, and I can't bear too much. I told you to come, Give as you please." The woman heard my aunt's words, rejoiced, and asked for the same way as my aunt, and threw herself into the pit of fire, while Mrs. Bai said: "My old aunt is destined to throw herself into the pit of fire to get this treasure. Since she is weak, she can't bear too much. If I go, I will definitely get more." As the husband said, he made a fire pit.Dedicate yourself to death, and you will never die. (Volume 10 of Miscellaneous Treasures Sutra translated by Jiya Yegong Tanyao) 2.In Jambudvipa there was a great king named Sivi, whose capital city was named Devati.The land is fertile and the people are rich and happy.Command a small country of 84,000, with 20,000 concubines, 500 princes, and 10,000 ministers.Wang Yun acts kindly, benevolent, forgiving and peaceful, and loves the common people, just like a child.It was the thirty-three days when Emperor Shi Tianzhu, with five decayed appearances, was worried that he would regress.Then a close minister, the Son of Heaven Pishou, saw that this was over. During the day, he asked: "Why is the honorable appearance suddenly so sad?" Di Shi said: "I will pass away! Thinking that the Buddha Dharma in the world is gone, and the great Bodhisattvas will not appear again, I will The heart does not know where to go." At that time, Pishoutian returned to the White Lord: "Now there is King Sivi in ​​Jambudvipa, who is old and diligent, and is happy to seek the Buddha's way. When he returns, he must escape. It is difficult." The Emperor of Heaven heard that, If the trial is true, "If it is a Bodhisattva, you should try it now." Instead, he sent Bishou to change into a dove, "I turned into an eagle, and chased him to the king's place. I asked him to save me, and I can test my sincerity." Bishou said: "Today, Bodhisattvas should be offered offerings, and it is not appropriate to add suffering, and it is not advisable to be distressed by difficult things." At that time, the Emperor of Heaven spoke a verse saying: I am not malicious, like a test of real gold. Test the bodhisattva with this, and know whether it is true or not. After saying the gatha, the emperor Bishou turned into a dove, and the emperor Shi became a falcon.The pigeon was terrified, and flew to the king's armpit, seeking a place to hide.The eagle stands in front of the king, and it is a human saying: "Now this pigeon is my food; I am so hungry, I hope the king will see you and return." The king said: "I vowed to save everything. With you." The eagle said: "Your Majesty loves everything now, if you stop me from eating, your life will be useless." The king said: "If you give me the rest of the meat, can you eat it?" The eagle said: "Only the new flesh and blood, I am Eat it." Wang Zinian said: "It is not reasonable to harm one and save another. Only my body may replace the other; the rest have lives, and they are all preserved by themselves." That is to say, he took a sharp knife, cut off his own thigh meat, and took this meat with the eagle. , Trade this pigeon life.The eagle said: "The king is a benefactor, and the one who replaces the pigeon with his body and flesh can be called enough."Put the pigeon and the meat in one place.The flesh of the buttocks has been cut, and the body of the pigeon is still low.Even the arms and body have no flesh, which is not as light as its dove shape.The king lifted himself up and wanted to weigh himself, but his strength failed him, so he stumbled and fell to the ground.Bored and unconscious, it is Jesus for a long time.With bravery, blame yourself. ... At that time, the great king thought about it, stood up on his own strength, and placed himself on the plate, feeling happy and contented, which he had never had before. ...The Emperor of Heaven said again: "The pain in this body, the king, is so painful, would you rather have regrets?" Wang Nai swore: "I have raised my heart to this point, and I have no regrets, just like a hair. If I want to become a Buddha, it is true and true. If my wish is fulfilled, my limbs will be healed immediately." It's an oath, and it's the same.All the heavens and the world, there are rare praises, joy and enthusiasm, and they cannot win. (Translated by Shao Dehuixun and others, "Bodhisattva Jataka Theory" Volume 1) Buddhist scriptures often use stories to illustrate Buddhist teachings.In order to make the truth easy to understand and deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, the stories told are often relatively long, with vivid characters, novel and tortuous plots, wonderful imagination and magnificent descriptions, thus becoming literary works with independent value.In the two stories quoted above, the former describes the evil people receiving evil rewards, and the simple narrative contains a strong sense of irony; infectious power. (4) Rhymes For example: 1.I have seen people in the world who are greedy and accumulate, and who are in trouble because of wealth, turn to increase in various desires.The king presides over the country, which is as vast as the sea, and if he does not get tired of it, he will return to another country.All sentient beings in the world are extinguished by greed and love, sorrow and sorrow are born and weep, how quickly they will perish!Just as a person gathers treasures, but they are burned by fire, all living beings also follow their karma and receive retribution for what they do.Wealth does not prolong life, and old age is inevitable. Both the rich and the poor perish, and the young and old are impermanent.Illness does not choose to be brave and healthy, nor does it choose to respect the young, all because of greed and love, it is unavoidable impermanence.For example, if a person steals and steals, it will be self-injury. Seeing the world like this, he will create all kinds of evil causes for himself.If the old and the young are bad, it is the same. If you are happy, you will work, and if you are distressed, you will be rewarded.Foolish people in this age are not aware of their homework, or they are born in another world, suffering because of hatred and love.If the womb dies, who can save it?Set up relatives and friends, how can life be saved!Desires can be broken and bound, suffering and fear are increased, and seeing worldly illusions is why I became a monk. (Fa Xian's translation of "Buddha Talks Protecting the Country") 2.The Buddha lived a suitable life, and the earth trembled six times.There is a big torch in the sky, burning like a fire.There are big fires in the four directions, just like asuras, burning the heavens, forests, trees and marshes, which is called love and joy.The torrential rain shakes the dust, the lightning is like a flame, the whole world is like a big fire, and the thunderstorm is terrible.The storm of dust, mist and wind, the breaking of trees and the collapse of mountains and rocks, is like the wind that destroys the robbery, and the damage is infinite.The day has no light, the stars and the moon are dark, and the sun and the moon are afraid of losing their light, like mud.Although the sun and the moon are both shining, they are not smart, they cannot know things, they cannot know day and night.The world is restored, and the rivers and rivers are all upstream.The Buddha sits on the side of the double forest, worrying about the loss of flowers.The water in the rivers and rivers is hot, like boiling soup in a kettle.Shuanglin withered for it, and bowed back to the World Honored One.The five-headed dragon king slowed down in grief, or stared at the Buddha in sultry heat, his eyes were red from crying. ... the gods who love and respect the Dharma filled the void with grief, and were overwhelmed by worry, and Zhou was deeply moved.The loudness of miscellaneous things is everywhere in the world.The devil has obtained his wish, and the evil soldiers are happy, dancing and singing thunder and drums, and releasing all kinds of flood sounds.Shouting the order: "My lord's strong enemy is dead, who will be able to recover from now on, whoever surpasses his realm?" The buddha tree collapsed, like an elephant's ivory, like a mountain rock, like a big ox horn.Now that the Buddha has sacrificed his life and life, all the heavenly and human beings in the world have nothing to return to, such as the loss of parents and parents.Like an empty sky without a sun, like a country without a storehouse, like a pool of flowers covered by frost, all the flowers will be destroyed.The World-Honored One gave up his life and quietly hid in the muddy pan, and all tangible beings did not lose their glory. (Baoyun's translation of "Buddha's Walking Sutras Damipin") Narrative reasoning in Buddhist scriptures often takes the form of poetry.Usually, a rhyming "gath" is added between or after the prose narration to summarize the main idea and show the main points.As in the previous example cited above, the syntax is neat, the voice is harmonious, and the content is refined. Although it is reasoning, it has considerable infectious power.There are also poems throughout.As in the latter example cited above, the whole poem is a long narrative poem with four, five, and seven characters, which is full of literary significance in terms of length, magnificence of content, and gorgeous description. From the brief introduction above, we can know that in the history of Chinese literature, the translation of Buddhist scriptures is also a major event.It has added a lot of wealth to the treasure house of Chinese literature, and it has also caused extensive and far-reaching influence on literary works after the Wei and Jin Dynasties.