Chapter 10 chapter Ten

History is often created inadvertently. In 1978, when 21 peasant households in Xiaogang Village, Fengyang County, Anhui Province took great risks to contract the land in order to fill their stomachs, none of them I thought that this was making history, and I didn't even think that these peasant comrades had actually solved the problem for a great reform that had never been done before. After two years of debate and pilot projects, the household contract responsibility system was implemented throughout the country, and Wenshan implemented it in 1981.The policy at that time was that a land contract was signed for five years.Zhao Anbang, as Secretary of the Party Committee of Liuji Commune in Gulong County, Wenshan, participated in the implementation of the big contract, and deeply felt the vibration of the hearts of a generation of farmers.After signing the contract, Qian Huiren’s father, the third father, squatted in the eight mu and six cents of land contracted by his family. He didn’t go home all night. The bag is given to us, and the peasants saw the light!"

At that time, Qian Huiren was the deputy secretary of the commune party committee, in charge of militia training and public security. He had been doing a good job, but after his family acquired eight acres of land, his appearance changed immediately, and he was no longer seen in the commune yard. Zhao Anbang was so angry that he spent day and night with his father, the third father, in the contracted land of his family, and criticized the idea of ​​small farmers in the party committee several times.In Zhao Anbang's view, Qian Huiren is a farmer who only pays attention to immediate interests at heart. Like those farmers, they all regard the five-year contract period as a rare opportunity to get rich. It seems that this kind of opportunity is a pie in the sky. , Once you can't catch it, the pie is gone.This kind of mentality is not surprising. After all, it was the early 1980s, and everything was crossing the river by feeling the stones. No one knew exactly how China would go in the future.But Qian Huiren is not an ordinary farmer after all. After all, he discovered the truth on his own eight acres of land. He was the first to propose: distribute the land to farmers!

This is what happened in 1985.In May of this year, Zhao Anbang was nominated and recommended by Bai Ming, who was then secretary of the county party committee and later promoted to deputy secretary of the prefectural party committee, as the deputy county magistrate in charge of agriculture in Gulong County. Qian Huiren succeeded Liuji Township party secretary.It was also that year that the first round of land contracting expired, and the second round of contracting was about to begin. At this juncture, Qian Huiren ran to the county guest house in a broken jeep of the township government, and made a report to Zhao Anbang, the deputy county magistrate in charge. How is the agricultural situation in the village so good? It’s not a small thing. Then, tentatively, he asked, "Magistrate Zhao, will this... this land continue to be contracted? Can we... can we be more emancipated and simply distribute the land to the farmers?" never mind!"

Zhao Anbang was taken aback, "Distribute the land to the farmers? Fatty Qian, don't you drink too much? Contracting the land to the farmers and distributing the land to the farmers are two completely different things. You can't even think about it, you know?" Qian Huiren was not convinced, "Why can't you think about it? The central government said that now is to emancipate the mind!" Zhao Anbang couldn't listen to it at all, and waved his hands straight, "This has nothing to do with emancipating the mind, and the prefectural and county committees won't consider it! It's fine if you talk about it with me, and talk nonsense with others, be careful that the county committee will roll your black hat !"

If Qian Huiren had been frightened back, if there hadn't been a dispute over the contract period in the county party committee more than a month later, and if there hadn't been Tian Ming's bold instructions to emancipate his mind, maybe there would have been no such land-dividing turmoil, and neither would the new provincial party secretary Liu Huanzhang. Will notice him.But Qian Huiren was not scared back that day, and still insisted on trying to carry out the "second land reform". Qian Huiren said many reasons, "County Zhao, practice is the criterion for testing truth, right? Since practice has proved that farmers have a bumper harvest every year, why can't we divide it? When our party led the people to make revolution, it was The call was made to subdue the local tyrants to divide the land! Now the land is only contracted to the farmers, and the farmers are worried that the policy will change! As the contract expires, they no longer work on the land. Although Liuji Township had a bumper harvest last year and this year , the output is not as good as in the first three years! It is not my own land, and I don’t cherish it. Even my father doesn’t use farmyard manure, only chemical fertilizers. Some people do it even better. They have been using salt water to irrigate the land since last year. It’s impossible to continue like this Well, the soil is getting worse year by year, it has hardened and turned into saline-alkali land, and we are a big agricultural country, so we must have a long-term plan, right?"

Zhao Anbang is actually aware of these situations. In the past, he was the secretary of the commune party committee, and now he is the deputy county magistrate in charge of agriculture. How could he not know about this situation?It is precisely because of this that he proposed at an agricultural meeting held in the province not long ago that he hoped that the period of the second round of contracting could be extended appropriately.But before he finished speaking, he was criticized by the deputy governor in charge.Therefore, he truthfully told Qian Huiren about the situation: "... Huiren, think about it, the province does not even agree to extend the contract period, how can it allow the land distribution? You don't want me to be the deputy county long?"

Qian Huiren immediately sarcastically said: "County Zhao, in the past you said I was a small peasant, what about you? Farmers in Gang Village!" Zhao Anbang became angry, "Fatty Qian, don't talk about me, talk about you: do you want to be a landlord?" Qian Huiren's answer was quite exciting, "It's not me who want to be the owner, it's my father and the others, it's the farmers in Liuji Township, all of them want to be the owner, the owner of their own land, don't believe me, you all want to be the owner. Go ask!" Although the conversation broke up unhappy, it moved Zhao Anbang a lot: Qian Huiren was right. For thousands of years, which Chinese peasant would not want to be the owner of the land?Which of the peasant uprisings and peasant revolutions in Chinese history had nothing to do with land?It would be a good thing if the land could be subdivided, but who would dare to do so?

Zhao Anbang never thought that Bai Ming, the deputy secretary of the prefectural committee, would dare to do such a thing. The descendant of the captain of the land reform team actually went with Qian Huiren, so there was the land division in Gulong County that shocked the whole province. turmoil. The turmoil of land division began at a joint office meeting of the county magistrate and county party secretary on the eve of the Spring Festival.This memory should not be wrong.At that time, he was only the deputy county magistrate of agriculture and not yet a member of the county party committee standing committee. If he had held a county party committee standing committee, he would not be eligible to attend.He also remembers two other details very clearly: first, Bai Ming, who was transferred to the deputy secretary of the prefectural committee not long ago, made a special trip to the county to attend this meeting. Ming had a meal.Second, the person who presided over the meeting was not Liu Zhuangfu, who was then secretary of the county party committee. Liu Zhuangfu was studying at the party school of the provincial party committee.The county magistrate Yu Huabei presided over the meeting.Not long after Yu Huabei stepped down from the position of deputy head of the organization department of the prefectural committee, comrades spread the word in private that Yu Huabei only came down to be gilded, and he would return to the prefectural committee to be the head of the organization in the future.

The topic that day was to discuss the implementation of the second round of land contracting. The provincial documents clearly stipulated that the contract should be renewed for another five years.However, Bai Ming, the leader of the prefectural committee, set the tone at the beginning of the meeting and said: "The documents belong to the documents, and each county has its own situation. It is beneficial to the development of agriculture in the future, and it is beneficial to the people to live a good life, and what can be broken through can be broken through!" When Bai Ming said this, Zhao Anbang's heart became active again. He didn't mention the criticism of the deputy governor at the provincial agricultural meeting, and clearly proposed to extend the contract period. "I agree with Secretary Bai's opinion. The contract period stipulated above seems to be It’s a bit short! Why can’t we sign for ten or twenty years? I’ve been running around for a while now, and Qian Huiren and many rural cadres have reported to me that our peasant comrades are generally worried that the policy will change, and they are all engaged in Short-term behavior!"

Yu Huabei confirmed: "Yes, yes, the worry that Anbang mentioned is objective. Farmers still have lingering fears. They were frightened by the past political movements. Some people said to my face that the party's policies Like the moon, the first and fifteenth day of the lunar new year are different, it seems that we still need to use this second round of contracting to do more explaining work!" Zhao Anbang shook his head at Yu Huabei and smiled wryly, "Magistrate Yu, how do you explain it? Who believes our explanation? Farmers are practical, and the best explanation is to put a package of ten-year or twenty-year contracts in front of him! If you free your mind a little more, and if you are more courageous, we will carry out a second land reform, and simply give them the land once and for all!"

The words about dividing the land almost didn't go through the brain's thinking, and just blurted out in such a strange way. Yu Huabei was stunned for a moment, knocked on the table, and solemnly reminded: "Hey, hey, Anbang, on this occasion, don't talk nonsense, comrade! People who engage in large contracts will say that they are taking the road of capitalism. You have worked hard for decades, returned to the pre-liberation overnight, and have been arguing until today. You still want to divide the land? Isn’t this giving people a handle? Besides, the nature of dividing the land and contracting it is completely different. Back to before liberation overnight!" It should be said that Yu Huabei's reminder was kind.In 1986, Zhao Anbang and Yu Huabei worked together for the first time in Wenshan. The two of them, a county magistrate and a deputy county magistrate, lived in the same county party committee guest house. Both public and private relations were very good. The relationship with Yu Huabei far exceeds the relationship with Bai Ming.Many years later, Zhao Anbang still remembers something vividly: At that time in North China, he was addicted to cigarettes and smoked two packs of cigarettes a day, but out of caution, he never accepted the cigarettes from his subordinates.Zhao Anbang doesn't smoke, but people always offer him cigarettes. Zhao Anbang collects them and sends them to North China again and again. There are all kinds of brands.In the end, it was simply Zhao Anbang who practiced dishonesty, collecting two or three cartons of cigarettes from acquaintances every month and giving them to Yu Huabei, so that Yu Huabei could smoke while maintaining a clean image. Yu Huabei is cautious, but he is not a person with rigid thinking. After reminding Zhao Anbang, he said: "It is not easy to break through the policy of five years, but Secretary Bai and Anbang are both reasonable. I still need to emancipate my mind a bit, in my personal opinion, we can consider a package for ten years, and we will have less trouble!" Bai Ming and the county magistrate, secretary, and standing committee members who attended the meeting didn't say anything more.Zhao Anbang didn't mention the land distribution anymore. The land distribution was just a spur of the moment when he spoke, and everyone knew it was impossible to implement, so he set a ten-year contract period. Unexpectedly, after the meeting adjourned, Tianming quietly called Zhao Anbang to the county party committee guest house, and asked sullenly, "Comrade Anbang, is it your idea to divide the land, or the idea of ​​Qian Huiren, the party secretary of Liuji Township?" ?” Zhao Anbang didn't know the bottom line of Bai Ming at that time, worried that he would harm Qian Huiren, he laughed and said: "This matter has nothing to do with Qian Huiren, I just talked about it at the meeting-Secretary Bai, don't you say To free your mind!" Only then did Bai Ming confess: "Okay, Anbang, stop covering up for Qian Huiren, and tell you the truth: Qian Huiren has approached me and brought me a document, I read it carefully , Somewhat convincing! The tiller has his land. Considering the stability of the people, the protection of the cultivated land, and the sustainable development of agriculture in the future, the land should be returned to the peasants!" He thought about it, and said, "However, there are some problems that money benefits people. Unexpectedly, a secretary of the township party committee always has his own limitations. For example, if the land is divided, what will happen to the water conservancy of the farmland? Who will go to the river to do water conservancy for you? In addition, will there be land mergers? , re-emergence of polarization? Also, sooner or later, agriculture will enter modernization, use large machinery, and engage in industrialization. What should we do? We must consider it comprehensively!" This is something that Zhao Anbang never thought of. In 1986, Bai Ming had such advanced thinking! Tianming asked Zhao Anbang to conduct a thorough investigation and come up with a feasible plan, "When formulating a plan, we must seek truth from facts and must not have any scruples. If the peasant comrades in Xiaogang Village had scruples back then, they would not have the big contracts they have today. I have passed the first hurdle, and I think I can try to break through the second hurdle! Of course, I have to learn from the peasant comrades in Xiaogang Village, just do it without talking, Qian Huiren is so motivated, you can first Let Liuji Township set up a pilot project!" That conversation was undoubtedly historic. As a reformer who risked his life and wealth, Bai Ming stood in front of Zhao Anbang like a mountain, and since then, he has never lowered his height.Many years later, Zhao Anbang still believes that in the initial stage of his political career, it was Bai Ming who made his thoughts break out of the cage for the first time. Freedom of thought began to fly, and as the deputy county magistrate in charge of agriculture, Zhao Anbang began to make bold breakthroughs. Many years later, Liu Huanzhang brought up this incident and told Zhao Anbang face to face: "The provincial party committee and I noticed you because of the distribution of land in Wenshan that year! It was done at the end, why did you come up with such an idea? You are so courageous, you don’t even insist on the premise that the land and the means of production belong to the collective? Can the provincial party committee not deal with it? How can you explain it to the central government? Of course, reform is an exploration , Exploration allows mistakes, so processing belongs to processing, and how to use it should be used, otherwise, who will dare to explore in the future!"