Chapter 75 Lu Xun six

This happened in 1916. The short story was two years in the making. The horror atmosphere pervading in the novel points directly to the feudal ethics of cannibalism for four thousand years. Let’s look at the sensory world of “Madman”: "In the morning, I sat quietly for a while. Chen Laowu came in with a bowl of vegetables and a bowl of steamed fish. The eyes of this fish were white and hard, with their mouths open, just like the group of people who wanted to eat people. How many times did they eat?" The chopsticks are so slippery that I don't know if it's a fish or a human, so I spit him out."

"I used to eat people in ancient times. I still remember it, but I don't know it very well. I looked up the history and found that there is no date in this history. The words 'benevolence, righteousness and morality' are written crookedly on every page. I can't sleep anyway. , I read carefully in the middle of the night, and then I saw the words between the words, and there were two words written all over the book: 'eating people'!" Benevolence, righteousness and morality cannibalize people, who wants to see such a history?In other words, who has the ability to see it this way?Lu Xun read it, and watched it carefully.It slipped away at first glance.Lu Xun said in "On Opening Your Eyes": "Because the Chinese have never dared to face up to life, they have to hide and deceive, and thus the literature and art of concealing and deceiving come into being."

Mr. Lu Xun, who faced life directly, discovered concealment and deception.Three words sum up how many things and how many ugly hearts.Some people actively conceal and deceive, while others passively and unconsciously conceal and deceive. Facing the bleak life, facing the dripping blood. Lu Xun, the warrior, makes his debut in this way. The theme of the book can be condensed into four words: Etiquette eats people. The strong eat the weak, and the weak eat the weaker, so the feast of cannibalism is very long.Dai Zhen, a thinker in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, said: "Later Confucianism kills people with reason. People die of law, but there are still those who have pity. If they die of reason, who will pity them?"

Li is the Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism that prevailed in the Qing Dynasty, and it is the principle of "destroying human beings to preserve the principles of nature".Cao Xueqin and Dai Zhen share the same aura, which is why they wrote so many tragic deaths of wealthy families. Hundreds of years of Confucianism, thousands of years of benevolence and morality.While raising the butcher's knife, the feudal rulers used all kinds of soft knives. Lu Xun not only resisted the butcher's knife, but also recognized the soft knife.The difficulty of identification lies in the fact that benevolence, righteousness and morality run through the education system of feudal society.

However, benevolence, righteousness and morality are not like this at its source, in the thought system of Confucius.Outstanding Confucian scholars and literati in the past dynasties are also vigorously maintaining this source.Even the feudal ruling class has never lacked the "backbone of China" who dared to plead for the people. At that time, Lu Xun had to show a completely anti-feudal fighting posture. In view of the extremeization and dailyization of feudal ethics, another extreme must be used to reveal it.Otherwise, the powerful obscuring power of etiquette will counteract any revealing power.

The high-speed operation of thought shows the penetrating power. In 1907, the 28-year-old Lu Xun wrote "Cultural Partiality", showing us his dialectical thinking. Paranoia has insight.Or rather: paranoid insight. Paranoia also marks all kinds of dough images, chattering like lukewarm water.Warm water cannot reflect warm water.Dough wants to meet dough forever. Not pleasant to read. "The Burrow", "Notes on the House of the Dead", "The Sound and the Fury"... It is not for people to have "reading pleasure".Kafka, Faulkner, Camus and others insisted on expressing the absurdity of pain, revealing all kinds of alienation, criticizing inhumanity, and made special contributions to the difficult process of Western civilization.

This is also an integral part of the so-called elite culture, which has long entered the mainstream inheritance of Western culture. The human mind should be able to face pain squarely. Pleasure is "painful pleasure" as cloudy days are cloudy days of sunny days.Blindly avoiding pain has two consequences: 1. Pleasure loses its frame of reference from itself; 2. Leads to more pain. What man cannot bear is the lightness of life. It is the eruption point of magma, and Lu Xun has never been able to stop it since then.After six years of silence and deposition, there was a big explosion.

. "bless". . "The True Story of Ah Q"... Although "Madman" is from the city, he can be found in the countryside; "Ah Q" is a farmer, but he can reflect all kinds of people in the city. Ah Q can really do it: pound rice as soon as it is pounded, harvest wheat as soon as it is cut, and punting a boat as soon as it is punted.He was a vagabond from Weizhuang, sleeping in the Tugu Temple, then went to the city suddenly, became a "revolutionary" and returned to Weizhuang, frightened Mr. Zhao, and defected to the fake foreign devils.His head is full of white helmets and armors, ingots, foreign gauze shirts, and Ning-style beds for talented ladies; his mouth is full of clangs, humming "I will beat you with a steel whip!", and shouting "Rebellion, rebellion!"He couldn't beat Wang Hu, but accidentally became the best incompetent in the world. He was very proud and won the spirit.He wrestled with little D, both of them grabbed the braids, and they would not let go.He has leprosy, so he taboos all words related to "brightness" or "light". In order to deal with embarrassing situations, he invented glaring eyes and said to those who looked down on him: You are not worthy!Once the words are out of the mouth, the mangy head becomes noble and honorable.He stroked the little nun's bald head, and was delighted with the slippery feeling left by his fingertips. He said to everyone: "The monk can touch it, and I can touch it too... He wanted to sleep with Wu Ma, "I knelt down to Yi." .He draws a bet on the death penalty book, ashamed of not being able to circle the circle.He went to the killing field out of nowhere, and saw all the familiar faces appear.He was "clicked" to the numb and fierce onlookers, and he seemed to be between joy and sorrow, inferiority and pride. "Twenty years later, he will be a hero again": Ah Q really doesn't want to lose his children and grandchildren.

I don't know if Mr. Lu Xun has seen Chaplin's movies. If Chaplin were to play Ah Q, it would be amazing. Makes people laugh so hard they want to cry.What kind of art is this? Realism, symbolism, modernism, postmodernism, absurdism, black humor... what labels can't be attached? As a master of art, Lu Xunzhi's ability to transform art is still unbelievable.From novels to prose poems, to, to essays.Top art keeps its mystery to us.like. When I read Ah Q, I laughed so hard that I wanted to cry, but I couldn't cry. Why? Because many people smelled their own scent in Ah Q.But it was hard to say clearly, everyone pretended to be confused, and pointed out that others were Ah Q.

The trouble is: when referring to someone else as Ah Q, he gets closer to Ah Q. Ah Q seems to be everywhere, laying a net of national inferiority. This novella with tens of thousands of words was serialized in "Morning News Supplement" in 1921, and it was named Ba Ren.Deputy editor Sun Fuyuan went to Lu Xun's residence every few days to urge manuscripts.Masterpieces are rushed.At first glance it looks like a comic novel.After reading it, it became less and less like a comic novel: some readers stopped laughing halfway, and looked suspiciously at others who were also holding newspapers...

The gentry class, the intellectual class, especially the sensitive ones. Ah Q is the wandering Ah Q of Weichuang, why are they so sensitive? Their souls were struck.The dark mass in the depths of the soul was suddenly injected with a strong light.This strong light seemed to come from outside the sky. Ah Q is self-deprecating and conceited, and is very good at deceiving himself and others. He has a catchphrase: We used to be...much richer than you. China was lagging behind Western countries, Ah Q's tone was very popular at the time.There are wave after wave of voices advocating the quintessence of the country and "sorting out the country's heritage". "The True Story of Ah Q" named Hu Shi. In all fairness, Mr. Lu Xun is biased.Biased but insightful. At that time, China lagged behind the West, was bullied and squeezed, and made a mess of itself, but there were always people shouting: China's spiritual civilization is the best in the world! Even if this slogan is not terribly wrong, it is not timed. What's more, regarding China's inherent spiritual civilization, many things need to be reviewed. Lu Xun is a great pioneer looking back. He gave young students a bibliography, suggesting that they read less or no Chinese books.He said these words in a specific historical period, which contains profound meaning and painstaking efforts.With the help of Xizhe's vision, clean up the toxins in traditional Chinese culture.This requires courage, great wisdom and courage.With the moderation of Hu Shi's generation, how can we see this level?This is the strategic vision for revitalizing national self-confidence: Lu Xun's life was dedicated to loosening the solidified civilization. Lu Xun is the historic Lu Xun.Perhaps today is a better historical time to recognize his stalwart figure. "The True Story of Ah Q" was compiled into the collection of novels, and once it came out, it caused a sensation all over the country.Even remote western cities like Kunming, Yunnan, are in short supply. Lu Xun's scalpel to analyze the soul of the people is often aimed at himself first. The mental model of "self-deception" mixed with inferiority complex and arrogance was revealed by Lu Xun. From this came the opposites of this psychological model: dare to dissect yourself; touch the soul; people need to have self-knowledge; criticism and self-criticism... People born before the 1970s are familiar with these sentences.Mao Zedong brought the spirit of Lu Xun to New China. Lu Xun painted a portrait of Ah Q in a relaxed style, while illuminating and eliminating the Ah Q factor in himself. Such as forgetting.Ah Q is very forgettable. He went to the bank to gamble and lost a lot of money. He couldn't figure it out, so he twitched himself, as if he was the one who beat the person and someone else was the one who was beaten, so he fell down in the valley contentedly. On the weedy ground of the temple, he fell asleep. Even when it was time for the public to behead his head, "he became anxious, his eyes turned black, and there was a groan in his ears, as if he had fainted." But Ah Q forgot again in a blink of an eye, "I am ashamed that I have no ambition, and I haven't sung a few songs." A joke." At the end, he said without a teacher: "Twenty years later, he is a hero again..." At the moment when his head was in a different place, he was still thinking about winning the applause of the audience. This is called not realizing until death. Lu Xun hated all kinds of "forgetting" of Chinese people. "For the Memorial of Forgetting" deliberately speaks ironically, throwing "forgetting" to the foreground.I couldn't read it before, so I focused on the word "forgetting", which fell right into Mr.'s arms. Forgetting is also a characteristic of the weak, a survival technique for the weak.Just imagine: if Ah Q was not good at forgetting, and the humiliation was engraved on his heart, would he still be able to survive in Weizhuang? Therefore, Mr. Lu Xun, to Ah Q, Kong Yiji, and the poor and terrifying onlookers who "stretched their necks like ducks", "sorrows their misfortune, and angers them indisputably." "Exposing sickness and suffering" is to "call attention to healing." But many people don't think so.Novels stimulated their nerves. At that time, someone wrote an article in "Modern Review": "Mr. Lu Xun stood by the road and saw us men and women coming and going on the street, tall and short, fat and thin... Laughing and crying, a large group of them are squirming... Mr. Lu Xun's We don't know how far medicine has come. But we know that he has three characteristics, which are also the characteristics of doctors who are old and experienced in surgery. The first is calm, the second is calm, and the third is still calm .” These words are ironic, but they also speak of Lu Xun's characteristics. The great French writer Flaubert, who wrote it, also maintained the calmness of a surgeon. Cold shrinkage against thermal expansion; "Quietness makes the crowd move, and emptiness accommodates the myriad realms." This is Su Shi's famous line. Lu Xun experienced the dialectic of cold and heat the most. Chekhov's characteristics, the Russians sum up as: a touch of humor.The light humor between hot and cold may be the artistic eruption point that Chekhov found after a tortuous exploration.And anyone who has read Chekhov knows how passionate this great novelist is about Russia. Lu Xun liked Chekhov very much.Both have studied medicine.They all abandoned medicine and followed literature. Since "The True Story of Ah Q" came out, it has been in a heated debate for decades.The focus of the debate is: Does the artistic image of Ah Q refer to all social classes in China?Has the era of Ah Q gone forever? Many scholars and writers have been involved in this protracted debate.And the debate itself reflects different times, different visions and mentalities.This is a continuation of the novel.A stone stirs up a thousand waves.The turbulent waves do not stop hitting the shore... Guo Moruo said: "Ah Q is counted in Kuang Dai's articles."