Chapter 28 Tao Yuanming Thirteen

Yuanming replied: Magi?My ambition is not enough.Take your things away, I'm still hungry. In November of the following year, in the cold winter, Yuanming died of poverty and illness. The people in the village are dead... Let's recite the elegy he wrote to himself, one of three choices: How vast is the barren grass, and Bai Yang is also rustling.Severe frost in mid-September, send me out of the outer suburbs. There are no people living on all sides, and the high tomb is Jiaoyao (both characters have the side of the mountain). The horse hums to the sky, and the wind is self-depression.Once the secluded room is closed, it will not return to court for a thousand years.

The dynasty will not return for a thousand years, and the sages have nothing to do.I always send people off, and each returns to his home. Relatives or Yu Bei, others have also sung.What is the way to die, and the body is on the same mountain. Jiao Yao (by the side of Junhan Mountain): It looks towering.No Morning: No longer seeing the sun rise.There are relatives who are sad, and others who sing, and they all express themselves naturally.This scene couldn't be more humane. Is there such a scene in the funeral of a wealthy family?Can a mischievous person be so pure?The dead man can no longer speak, and his body is entrusted to the hills of eternal silence to be buried in the earth.Where there are mountains, there are also people...

Twenty years ago, my nineteen-year-old sister died of illness, and I engraved the last sentence on her tombstone. Mr. Lu Xun is very fond of Yuanming's poem.Mr. wrote it, and even took pictures in front of the grave, and published it for others to see.Professor Qian Liqun, who studied Mr., wrote "The Grave Pressed on the Heart".Shakespeare's Hamlet, babbling about his dead uncle.Romain Rolland let out a huge sigh at death.And the study of death in Heidegger's "Being and Time" is an outstanding chapter recognized by the whole world... The ancient and modern sages pay great attention to death, why?Maybe it's because the higher the life is, the more you can feel its descent?The more radiant life is, the more you can feel its exhaustion, right?

Let's stop this topic. In the year of Yuanming's death, Wang Hong became the general of chariots and riders, and Yan Yanzhi became the servant of Zhongshu. They were high-ranking officials in the court and would never forget Yuanming's wife and children.The "诔" article mourning Yuanming was written by Yan Yanzhi. Yuan Ming's will: Keep everything simple at the funeral. What is the way to die, and the body is on the same mountain. Yuan Ming's works were not popular at that time and for a long time afterwards.Zhong Rong's "Poetry Grades" listed poetry as the upper, middle and lower grades, with Yuan Ming in the middle grade.Don't mention him at all.In Chinese literature, since Fu in the Han Dynasty, the trend of piling up rhetoric and using language as a pomp has been popular for hundreds of years. Yuanming's Tianjia language, which is close to daily life, was very problematic by the standards of the time.Many people, including later, questioned: How can one write poetry in such a plain language?There is a literati named Chen Houshan, who put forward a representative opinion: "Tao Yuanming's poems are relevant to the matter, but not in the ear."It can be seen that at that time Yuanming was indeed unable to do anything alone, and it was also a lonely army that went deep, and even a sudden emergence.He is an out-and-out master outside the literary world.He drinks his wine, writes his poems, what standards are not standard, the atmosphere is not the atmosphere, don't care about those.He doesn't make money when he writes, doesn't talk about royalties, and doesn't care about eternal fame, just like planting flowers and fields, everything comes from nature.

What is using language for pomp?We can now see clearly: this is just a mode of operation of power; or in other words, it is an accompaniment of power.Isn't there a buzzword called the right to speak?Thanks to the spread of Western learning to the east, it has been more than a hundred years, and our ability to see things has been enhanced by relying on Lu Xun's doctrine of borrowing.We saw-- Intellectuals of all ages must respond to power, even if he turns his back and walks leisurely in the courtyard, or runs away, it's the same. For more than 1,500 years, Yuanming has been walking towards us all the way, not in a straight line, and his figure has changed from blurred to clear.Interestingly, clear and clear questions.

Literati of the same dynasty as Yuanming, such as Cao Zhi, Ruan Juan, Xie Lingyun, and Yan Yanzhi, were more famous than him.This issue was still being debated fiercely in the Northern Song Dynasty.Ouyang Xiu, the leader of the literary world, was very angry. He said to the prose and Fu: "There are no articles in the Jin Dynasty, except for Tao Qian's "Gui Qu Lai Ci"!" In the Tang Dynasty, Yuanming's reputation was on par with Xie Tiao, Xie Lingyun, Zuo Si, Bao Zhao and others.In the Song Dynasty, Yuanming's position as a first-class poet was firmly established, and Su Dongpo made it clear that he was above Li Bai and Du Fu.Dongpo himself was at least on the same level as Li Du.In modern times, there are countless masters who admire Yuanming: Liang Qichao, Wang Guowei, Liu Shipei, Zhang Taiyan, Chen Yinke, Wen Yiduo, Zhu Ziqing, Zhu Guangqian, Qian Zhongshu... The cultural pedigree symbolized by Yuanming has been established and passed on, Ten thousand years is not too long.The comments and interpretations of the past dynasties are enough to pile up into a mountain.The most cited by scholars is Su Shi's evaluation.Regarding character, he said:

"Yuan Ming wants to be an official, then he is an official, and he doesn't think it's disgusting to ask for it; if he wants to hide, he hides, and he doesn't think it's high. If he's hungry, he knocks on the door and begs for food, and when he's full, he invites customers. The ancient and modern sages value their truth. " In connection with Yuanming's living background, especially the intensified concepts of family status and face in the Jin Dynasty, Dongpo's words really hit home. Regarding the art of poetry, Su Shi also said: "I have nothing very good about poets, but Yuanming's poems. Yuanming doesn't write many poems, but the quality of his poems is beautiful, thick and plump."——On the surface, it is simple, but in fact Magnificent; thin on the surface, but plump in fact (a beauty like Yang Yuhuan).Scholars of all ages admired: Po Weng's vision is too powerful!

Yuan Ming is the purest poet in China.And correspondingly, he is also the purest person. The paradox is that because of his great fame, history will not let him go, all kinds of eyes are cast on him, pestering him, trying to use him.In the officialdom, the business world, and the literary world, no matter whether he is a simple-minded person or a mixed-hearted person, a gentleman or a villain, whether he is in office or resigning from office, he will all use his banner to show his nobility.For example, Wang Jingwei said: After doing some great things, he "disregarded Lin Quan." The big thing Wang Jingwei wanted to do was to betray the nation, and he fell into the grave.Corrupt officials and profiteers also used Yuanming as a cover one after another. After making enough money, they ran to the countryside to build villas, shaking their heads and reciting Tao poems: Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, and seeing Nanshan leisurely.The worse the atmosphere in the officialdom, the more people shout Tao Yuanming.Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty, Republic of China, there are too many examples.Tao Yuanming was messed up and his face was blurred.However, this is also normal. How about Kong Shengren?Isn't it more violent than Yuanming?Respecting Confucius and worshiping Confucius is as loud as knocking down the Confucius family shop.