Chapter 4 Change another "pose" and look up at the cultural starry sky Fu Yanxia

- tiger head Pulling historical and cultural celebrities down from the "altar" and using secular fireworks and universal human nature to correct the "over-interpretation" of them by time and imagination is a common method used by many cultural essays.Today, with the help of powerful media such as television, "Cultural Essays" have been transformed into "Hundreds of Lectures", and historical figures and classics have been transformed into a series of "current texts" such as philosophy of success or failure, ingenuity of human beings, dialectics of interpersonal relationships in the office, etc. .No matter how scholars and experts question this entertaining change, such an expression does bring history and classics closer to the "lower Riba people".From a communication point of view, this is a successful strategy.Perhaps it is for this reason that the German expert and professor Hutou defines his stylistic characteristics as "little", so that these German cultural heroes, these masters who shine with diamonds in the cultural landscape of mankind: Nietzsche, Goethe, Schiller, Martin Luther, Einstein, Bach, Kant, Heine...show their legendary past romance and endless eternal charm in the way of ordinary people.

Although this book is based on the author's rich professional knowledge, and it is also convenient to read as the original text of German experts, it is not a textual research, nor is it a rigorous academic research.Therefore, there is no "revolutionary" discovery and evaluation of each character's life trajectory and achievements in their respective fields.In other words, the focus of the book is not on this at all.The point is to reorganize the materials in a large number of rich details, and then "re-display" the personality and dignity, freedom and struggle, romance and talent of these masters from a unique perspective.Let people who know the names of these masters, but can't figure out why they are so great, experience a journey of discovery of "knowing why".

As a result, the experiences and achievements of these masters have become readable and imaginable "stories".And in the process of retelling the story, the author is always present. From time to time, he breaks through the boundaries between the story and reality, Germany and China, the master and himself, the master and the reader, the master and the master, sometimes impassioned, sometimes The playful and funny way further enhances the "story" and "sense of reading".In the writing with a deep degree of individual participation, Hutou often even comes up with some "famous quotes and epigrams".For example, in "Their Goethe", it talks about Wu Bisi's obedience to Goethe. It is written in the book: "The divorce of celebrities is often not because of lack of love - after ten years of marriage, it is impossible to have the kind of love when they first fell in love - but It is because of lack of respect and listening.” At the end of the story, there is another passage: “All men exist because of women. I don’t mean the body, but the spirit. Imagine Pushkin without Cass, without Yuli Pei Duofei without Clara, Lu You without Tang Wan'er, Xu Zhimo without Lu Xiaoman, Yu Dafu without Long'er, Luo Dan without Camille..." There are many languages ​​in this book, both ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. , Every time I write to a place full of emotions, there will be such a hearty and majestic expression.

Hutou's collection of essays does have a masculine quality.Regardless of the fact that he pays special attention to the relationship between these masters as men and women, and the influence of their marriage and emotional life on their achievements, his expression style alone is contaminated with a lot of "androgen".He talked about Martin Luther from the standpoint of a "man", talked about the woman who created Goethe "with a generous and fiery breast" with an attitude of appreciation, and talked about Schiller's luck with the Leng sisters in an envious tone. Refuse to intertwine contradictions and talk about Salome around Nietzsche, and talk about Einstein's affair with a tone of support and encouragement...Compared to the "bitter journey", "taste" and "experience" that are intertwined with speculation, worry, and scrutiny These popular texts full of "feminine temperament", Hutou's essays bring a "savage and reasonable" fresh reading experience with its full personality and interjection judgment.

Overall, this is a collection of essays of a fairly high standard.The serialization in "Contemporary" is only an external factor to improve the level, and the bigger reason is that it has abundant materials, smooth narrative, and high-spirited reasoning.Every article makes people look forward to it. These masters are so full of personality. Their professional success, personality charm, and personality flaws will give birth to "various charm" in Hutou's pen.At the same time, what is even more exciting is that their different postures standing proudly under the starry sky of world culture are vividly depicted by the tiger heads, and they are full of vigor.However, since it is a collection of works, there must be good and bad.Among them, "Who is Martin? Luther?" ", "Their Goethe", "Heine-Half Warrior, Half Wit", "Schiller's Private Story" are better written.The material and the story are harmonious and unified, and the expression is also rigorous and thoughtful and hearty at the same time. "Misreading Einstein" would be better if the excessive emotions and comments in the last part were removed, leaving some space for readers to judge freely and express their own emotions.Compared with this one, "Meeting Hesse" is better in its simplicity and fluency. "Learning from Kant" is a good example. It would be better if Kant's boring philosophy was removed a little more, and the personality details of this "rigid and eccentric" person were added.Just as "When Bach Blooms, A Hundred Flowers Kill" can blend music knowledge, artistic achievement and Bach's individual characteristics more harmoniously.And "Nietzsche under the Shadow of the Whip" is too similar to "Salome's Curse".

These one-by-one reviews are actually close to harsh.Taking the well-known masters as the writing objects, the predecessors' commentary materials are vast, and the commentary angles are almost comprehensive.With such a difficulty, even the difficulty of frying Yangzhou fried rice for Yangzhou people cannot be extremely difficult.However, difficult writing can also stimulate the author's narrative potential and lead to more interesting reading. Finally, it is worth mentioning the preface of this book "Eternal White Rose".This article, which has been widely circulated on the Internet and is known as a classic Internet essay, still tells the story of Shu and his brother and sister.In the movie "Hope and Struggle", this pair of brothers and sisters once touched the hearts of many people with their youthful faces and youthful will.Hutou regards Shu and his brothers and sisters as synonymous with civilian courage. In the huge text of counting German cultural heroes one by one, Hutou puts the stories of the not-so-famous brothers and sisters at the forefront, telling their insistence on freedom and dignity, telling Their dedication and devotion to their beliefs, and their intentions deeply moved me.Hutou said: "They died for every freedom-loving person in the world. Regardless of skin color, race, age....They died for me."

Shu and his brothers and sisters died for everyone, but also for everyone's eternal life.In the face of such eternal life, they are comparable to masters, who were originally transformed from ordinary people. (The author is an editor of People's Literature Publishing House, Doctor of Literature)