Chapter 4 Art talk (1)

The relationship between science and art The British Confucian Spencer said: "Literature and art are the flowers of civilization." He also said: "Confucianists, handmaidens of crafts, and the foundation of art." It can be seen that the country with developed art is all based on the development of science.If science is underdeveloped, so will art.In disciplines such as science and drawing, it is most appropriate to pay attention to it.There is no basis for developing new knowledge, new skills, and new careers.It is a part of the art of knowledge, which expresses the vitality of human spiritual consciousness and is carried out in accordance with science.

The definition of fine arts and crafts Art and craft, the two cannot be discussed together.Artists are transformed by craftsmanship and knowledge, structured by witty thoughts, and can make people feel a sense of beauty.Craftsmanship focuses on practical subjects only.However, the starting point is to focus on drawing pictures.That is to say, in the theory of art school, it starts with preparatory drawing, and in the major subjects of carving patterns, metalworking and casting, it still pays attention to such paintings as charcoal, brush, and utensils.However, the attention to pictures is both practical and noble.Therefore, the purpose of craftsmanship lies in practical skills; the ambition of art lies in spirit.

pick cotton The method of picking cotton is to draw a picture first, regardless of flowers, plants, birds and animals, cut it into small squares with colored silk, fold them with corners, and fold them layer by layer.If the flowers are stacked, the long corners should be folded, and the bird feathers can use rounded corners or long and short corners.The pedicel is made of velvet copper wire.The same goes for bird feet.In short, it is easier for those who can color pictures to learn.Usage: It can be used as horizontal hanging, screen, hall banner, photo frame, etc., or piled on silk vases and flower baskets.Of course, those who are not good at drawing will not be able to tell.Women's art schools are popular.

Pile of silk The pile of silk is a family, which is called Oshie in Japan.First draw simple strokes of flowers and birds on the paper, cut out the paper, and then cut thick paper like the pattern, and pile it with new white cotton.It is pasted with white silk and colored, and it will pile up like life. (Landscapes and figures are acceptable) Then, either paste it on a delicate wooden board, or install a mirror frame.In Japanese women's art schools, many of these are made, and they are high-quality decorations, which are actually passed down from the ears of the country! bag In Xiguo Elementary School Handicrafts, there is a subject of bags, which is very important.Japanese professional women's school also takes this as a major subject, and women depend on it for their livelihood.In the middle, it is made of foreign paper, silk cloth, leather, cattail grass, rattan bark, wheat stems, and bamboo silk.There are different color samples, each suitable for its own use.In the old days of our country, women studied cysts, and there were so-called hair green bags, durians in the front and persimmons in the back, etc., and their skills were very meticulous.It's a pity that the drawing is not precise, the form is wrong, and the labor is too little to use, so it is discarded.This is an urgent way to improve the ears.

All kinds of leather bags popular in the West, such as large and small foreign folders, carrying bags, school bags, ticket holders, etc., are imitated in Japan, and can be replaced with leather-like paper or cloth silk, which is a wonderful method and saves money.Method: Use a hard lining to line the inside, paste it with silk, cloth or paper on the outside and sew it. Although the firmness is not as good as leather, the style is different.Japan's transformation in this way is actually because it is convenient for women to work, it is easy to manufacture, and there are many products, so Western leather bags cannot be imported into Japan.If women workers in our country follow suit, it will be one of them!

Cotton work This species uses iron wire as bone, cotton flower as meat, wrapped in tissue paper, and attached with feathers to make birds, animals, grass and insects, etc. The small ones are children's playthings, and the big ones are three-dimensional biological objects, which are used as teaching models in elementary schools. Thick paper work This kind is made of western thick paper, cut into single pieces, the prototype of Wuzhou people, birds and animals, the bones can be loaded and unloaded, and colored.The state, physiology, and properties of the object are printed on the back for the use of primary school natural science professors.

embroidery There are three reasons why our country's embroidery is inferior: (1) Those who practice embroidery do not learn to draw, so they don't know if it is the beauty of the rules, or if the rules are bad.Engage in ignorance, without trial and selection.(2) Those who practice embroidery do not know how to dye silk and thread.There are not many kinds of dyed silk threads in our country, so it is often hard to find what color you want.It is false to replace it with other colors, and then feel that it is inconsistent with reason.The second; (3) I don't know ordinary optics.Therefore, the yin and yang are opposite sides, and the light cannot be distinguished. No matter whether it is a cylinder, an ellipse, a perfect circle, etc., there is often no difference between light and dark, and the difference between yin and yang, shallow and deep.It is flat at first glance, without any vitality.This is the third.In order to save its disadvantages today, those who learn embroidery must learn all kinds of pictures.Know the best light to distinguish, and apply accordingly.If you use a lack of color, try to adjust and dye yourself with pigments, and it is not difficult to reach the perfect level.As for the embroidery work, it is only necessary to seek vividness, and it seems that there is no need to seek too much workmanship.For example, the embroidered pieces in ancient times, the author feels too dull, and has a great physical obstacle, so it seems that there is no need to learn how to walk.Looking at Western embroidery methods, but paying attention to the above three, I feel that it is full of color.

Thread yarn Western threading yarn is like Chinese piercing yarn (commonly known as touching yarn), and the method is changed.Method: use white gauze, use pouch needles (both pouch needles and white gauze are available in foreign firms), thread colored wool, and embroider flowers on the gauze, no matter what kind of pattern, you can wear flowers according to the painting.Such as making women's shoes, children's hats, bed curtains, curtains, lenses, scrolls, table felts, etc., the patterns are piled up like life. fire painting Fire pyrography is the oldest method.The method is to use a thin iron needle, and put a ball of mud on the handshake to prevent it from transferring heat.The needles are scorched red in the furnace, and when painted on bamboo, wood or stone, the scorched marks will be colorful and impressive.Japan uses alcohol lamps.Steel needle is connected with leather tube, and leather tube is connected with rubber ball.While burning the needle red, squeeze the air out of the ball.After the leather tube and the ball are heated, the heat transfer of the pen will not retreat.Holding a brush for painting can be used for a long time, and there is no need to change the brush every time.Today, more than ten iron needles in the style of bamboo chopsticks are used, fitted with wooden handles, burned in the furnace, and replaced with each other, which is also a simple method of fire painting.

charcoal drawing Using a piece of burnt charcoal (sold by Ogawa Kumanoya, Tokyo, Japan), portraits and various specimens are painted temporarily.The method is to draw carelessness, to imitate the style, and not to seek fine workmanship.The preparatory work before this painting is indispensable.If you draw a person, the height of the bones, the pros and cons of the face, and the pros and cons of the muscles are shown by the thickness of the charcoal, which is the most important thing to pay attention to here.Therefore, if you are short-sighted, you will see disorder and irregularity, and if you look at it from a distance, you will feel deep and light.Therefore, charcoal drawing in art schools is very important.

The drawing room is circular, with one person standing in a neutral position (either sitting or standing, all kinds of postures are acceptable, and not limited to people, birds and animals), and the students are all sitting around. .It is like a picture of a human face, and each student observes and writes on one hand.Therefore, the human faces painted by students in a class are different from each other. painting Use colored paint and turpentine to reconcile it to make it dark and light, and each is suitable.It can be painted on lacquered board, lacquered cloth, or lacquered paper.First apply the white paint as the ground, and after it dries, paint it with color.Or use several colors and pile them up one by one, depending on the appropriate depth.Only the foundation of drawing can be excellent.

There are two types of oil painting: one is freehand brushwork and the other is crafty painting.Scholars should start with the skillful method, and then move on to the freehand brushwork after proficiency. (Paints are sold at Kumano House in Ogawa Town, Japan, for 2 yuan per small box. Shanghai Foreign Bookstore also has them, but they are very expensive and difficult to buy.) Studies on Pictures Primary school paintings should be based on pencils, with brushes only as an aid.The reason: (1) The tip of the pen is firm and easy to describe. (2) One-line drawing is bad and easy to correct from the side. (3) It is easy to eliminate missing pens. (4) The accessories are simple. (5) It is convenient to communicate with utensil painting and manual drawing. (6) Facilitate the relationship between physical and chemical notes and composition (in Western and Eastern countries, there are people who use pictures to write questions. The meaning in the text is the image in the painting. Or after finishing a question, it is also possible to draw the meaning in the question later. ). (7) It is convenient for sketching from life (sketch from life in Eastern and Western countries, the classroom is rectangular, and students sit around it. There is a table in the middle, and the real objects are placed on the table. Each student draws differently, because the real objects are different in height). (8) It is convenient to record when teaching outside the school (the teacher leads a group of students to the wilderness outside the school every time. See the plants, even if each student observes them in detail. Call the password and line up in a fan shape, and each draws out a pencil to copy it). (9) Similar to chalk, easy to imitate (chalk is chalk). Kind of picture (1) Random drawing; (2) Temporary painting; (3) Sketching from life; (4) sketches; (5) Memory paintings; (6) Writing silently; (7) pattern painting; (8) Free painting; (9) Supplementary strokes: (10) Corrected drawings; (11) Transparent paintings; (12) Change to painting. Random drawing, used in the first grade of elementary school.No matter round or square, you can do whatever you want. Those who copy paintings also use picture books to copy. Those who sketch from life, whether it is mountains or water, or flowers and trees, describe the shape, and there are differences between yin and yang, light and shade. A sketcher, if he sees something by chance, uses a very simple quick pen to trace its shape. Those who remember the painting, those who have painted before.No matter what it is, draw it according to everyone's memory. For those who draw silently, if they want to draw a peach, the teacher does not say it directly, but only says that there is something, what is the shape of the leaf, what is the shape of the stem, what is the shape of the fruit, so that the students can draw it silently. Pattern painting is mostly the pattern used in industry, which is the most practical and should be strongly advocated. Free painters let everyone paint whatever they want to paint as they wish. For those who make up strokes, the teacher draws one object, and deliberately draws a few fewer strokes so that students can make up for it. For correcting the drawing, the teacher draws the shape of the drawing intentionally by mistake, so that the students can correct it. Those who write through the painting can print the template and paint.This method should not be commonly used, for fear of developing dependence. Changing to painting is like drawing a brush painting without distinction of shades, using a pencil to correct its yin and yang, light and shade, and anyway. Handmade and pattern Fold the paper into one thing, paste it next to the drawing, and press it.This handicraft and picture are integrated into one, which is the starting point of developing industrial thinking, which is called hand-painting.Patterns are not just copied from what you see so far. If you want to draw a pattern, you don't follow the old methods, but you construct it with ingenuity.Beginners use drawing ruler, pencil and compasses.To change the pattern and use it endlessly, from shallow to deep, it is necessary to study the painting with utensils.In short, this kind of painting is the most important in terms of craftsmanship.Try foreign flower paper samples, hardware carving, porcelain renovation, silk and velvet jacquard, etc., all of which start here. Comparison of Chinese and Western Painting Methods The paintings of Westerners are based on photographs, aiming for resemblance in shape.Chinese painting is the first to write characters, but it is similar to the spirit, and it also describes the brushwork.Taste the authentic paintings of Song Dynasty, all of them are exquisite.It should also be among the best in the Western Art Museum. It is difficult to start Chinese painting, but it is even more difficult to achieve it.From the Yuan Dynasty to the present, those who are called masters include Huang, Wang, Ni, and Wu in the Yuan Dynasty, Wen, Shen, Tang, Qiu, and Dong in the Ming Dynasty, and the four kings, Yun, and Wu in the Guo Dynasty, a total of fifteen ears.If everyone in China changes to Western painting, I am sure that within three to five years, they will be able to emulate the famous masters of that country.If famous masters from Western countries change to Chinese painting, I am sure that they will not be able to achieve perfection in a short time.Gai Fan who learns Chinese painting and is good at it is a person who is good at calligraphy.Try watching Shi Tian's paintings, his strokes are all valleys; Ou Xiang's paintings, his strokes are all good.So by analogy, he can know.If you can't write and look for paintings, how easy is it for the husband!Therefore, there are so many Chinese painters in Japan, not only are there no masters, even if you seek a major master, you can't get it. Therefore, Chinese paintings are also divided into distances and distances.But when it comes to painting, it must delete the current state and focus on the distant scene; Western painting is different, but what you see, no matter how far or near, is drawn together, and it is just a landscape photo.Therefore, there are no long scrolls.Yu Chang joked that looking at scroll paintings is like looking at mountains on horseback.This kind of painting method is the unique strength of our country, and it should not be criticized as unreasonable painting theory.