Chapter 61 Postscript to the translation of the Mandarin version of "Flowers of Shanghai"

Professor Chen Shixiang once said to me: "The benefits of Chinese literature lie in poetry, not in novels." Some people think that Mr. Chen does not pay enough attention to modern Chinese literature.In fact, our past is so long and outstanding, there is no need to compete for this achievement in recent decades.Anyway, he refers to traditional poems and novels, so there is probably no doubt. Of course he was right.Even I, the least sentimental person, often see a sentence or two in old poems that suits my own mood. They are just some worldly sorrows and joys, but there are some poems, as if they were written for me. Or I wrote it myself—but I can’t write it—that makes people feel grateful and shocked for a thousand years, just like a pop song that occasionally has a favorite tune, which always lingers in the head and heart.The depth and breadth of the old poems can be imagined.The world of words seems smaller and more suffocating.

There are not many good old novels, just a few novels. It is compiled from folklore and has its special historical background. It has only been researched by scholars in recent years.At that time, under the rule of the alien race, there was a tacit understanding between the rapper and the audience, which modern readers do not have.Looking at it now, purely as a novel, the remaining seventy-one chapters deleted by Jin Shengtan have a sense of reality.Because China didn't have the concept of "don't want a monarch" in the past, and rebels were often called the King of Qin and the side of the Qing Dynasty.Therefore, Liang Shanbo only resisted corrupt officials. Although he robbed houses and even conquered cities, he still "loyally repaid the Zhao officials" (Ruan Xiaoqi's lyrics).This can be attributed to the not-so-serious self-deception of the heroes, and the more or less hypocrisy of their leader Song Jiang—maybe it’s just the political skills that a leader must have. Faith, no matter how sad the ending is, it is useless.Therefore, it is a masterpiece accumulated after the long-term occupation of the Jin and Yuan dynasties, and there are built-in problems in the rear.

The story of Wu Song's murder of his sister-in-law was adopted, but the revenge was delayed, and the adulterer and adulteress were transplanted into a polygamous family, allowing them to live for a few more years.This was originally a clever move, otherwise the original story of six wives would not have become a story according to the standards of the time.Unfortunately, once the author left the material he was most familiar with and returned to the framework of "Water Margin", he became mechanized.The fact is that Ximenqing's death is much worse, Chunmei, Meng Yulou, and even Pan Jinlian's personalities inspire and act with him so that the drama has life.So many people said that the back is far worse than the front.

In the November 1981 issue of the "Wenhui" magazine in mainland China, there was an article "Miscellaneous Talk on Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua" signed by Xia Hong, which focused on the collusion between officials and businessmen at that time.That is a typical communist point of view, just like Soviet Russia praised Dickens for exposing the cruelty of the British Industrial Revolution era.In fact, there is nothing worse than Dickens's writing. The benefit of Dickens is not to expose the dark side of the society at that time.But Xia Wen's analysis of Earl Ying's birth is very unique.Ximen Qing had just passed away his son, and Earl Ying borrowed money for the cost of giving birth to his son. He was suffering from sores, so he had no choice but to describe the hardships of smearing a small family's childbirth, so as not to break the taboo.I have read it so many times but have not seen this level, which also shows that this book has many wonderful scenes and subtlety.The pornographic text in the book is not unnecessary, but it is not impossible to stand without it.

It was cut in half, it was a banned book, and no one knew it was unfinished.In addition, only , , and are completely universal.Two of the three books are historical myths, devoid of what Graham Greene called "echoes of ordinary life."It seems a little too poor. Write such a group of people, from officials to shopkeepers and servants, even if they are not in the same circle, they may all eat flowers and wine at the same table.Socializing plays a huge role in their lives.Even Tao Yufu and Li Shufang, a couple, have their own inner lives, and Yufu still has many unavoidable entertainments.Li Shufang, the oriental La Traviata, he asked her to move out to recuperate, "too much", she would rather be "hospitalized" in a brothel and endure the noise.Probably because as soon as he moved out and rented another house, it became his outer room. The more his family refused to let him marry her, she would not marry him as a concubine; Otherwise, even if he is ill, he can still be pinned down by his aunt and elder sister, who will never leave him.Once the inside and outside are isolated, no matter how much you trust him, you still can't rest assured.

Tao Yufu and Li Shufang had such strong feelings that most people don't have.The ordinary people in the book can probably be represented by the businessman Chen Xiaoyun—he is also a businessman, and Hong Shanqing can earn extra money, so it is not typical enough.The twenty-fifth time when Hong Shanqing met Chen Xiaoyun, he asked Zhuang Lifu if he was a treat, and whether the antiques that Zhuang Lifu acted as a broker had been sold out. "I'm exhausted, relatively boring." In the most prosperous metropolis in the country, the life of these two well-connected businessmen is so empty and boring.They don't even play mahjong, Hong Shanqing doesn't know it, and Chen Xiaoyun doesn't gamble.The only entertainment is whoring, and they are all four or five years old friendships, and they never want to change new ones.This day, because he was so bored, he went to Xiaoyun's good friend Jin Qiaozhen to have a cup of tea before going to be invited to have a drink of flowers and wine.Xiaoyun intentionally annoyed Qiaozhen, but then explained that it was to relieve boredom. — it was apparently a flirtatious way for the two of them to keep the heat going.Later, Wen Qiaozhen also got into trouble once, and refused to replace the wine for him, blaming her sister Jin Aizhen for being uncomprehending, so she volunteered to drink the glass of wine for him to smooth things over. ——Qiaozhen then turned over the old account and brought up an embarrassing sentence of his when he first submitted it.Without emotion, she would never remember a joke a few years later, so this time she looked back and said that she "revealed the past to get more love".

The two have trustworthy personalities, and they are both mellow and sophisticated.Xiaoyun made friends with Master Qi and boasted to her that he had a very happy night that night.The same is true for the husband who comes home when he encounters a happy event.This is also love. There's certainly truth to the old adage that "bitches don't have heart" and hypocrisy is part of their profession.But from the looks of it, at least in the high-end brothels—including the second-best Yaoer—it wasn’t too early to get married, and there weren’t too many customers. For example, Zhou Shuangzhu was almost as leisurely as a boudoir—of course she was a procuress. Her biological daughter, somewhat of a special status, but even Shuang Bao, the seventeenth Hong Shanqing was surprised that she also had guests staying overnight.Public prostitution during the daytime is even considered a strange thing (see Chapter 26 Lu Xiulin quotes Yang's mother's words).In such a humane situation, a woman's sexual psychology is normal, and she will respond to a man she likes a little bit.If the other party is long-term, it is easy to develop feelings after a long time.

Hong Shanqing and Zhou Shuangzhu were only four or five years old, but as soon as Wang Liansheng went to Jiangxi to take up the post, Hong Shanqing "not coming much".Apparently because Hong Shanqing followed Wang Liansheng and ran errands for him, he needed a good friend in the entertainment field, and sometimes it was not convenient to talk in secret elsewhere, but he also needed a place to stay, which was equivalent to the office of his side job.But there is a thorough understanding between him and Shuangzhu.He must be rewarded for saving Shen Xiaohong's case, and he will also have a share of the 10,000 silver dollars he extorted when he partnered with Shuangzhu to mediate Shuangyu's affairs.

Although Shuangzhu has deep sophistication, she has a benevolent heart.She seemed tired of the world, and when she advised Shuangyu not to be too aggressive, she said that she was going to get married soon anyway, and she said the same to Shanqing.He didn't accept this criticism, but he was also calm, probably knowing that she didn't belong to him. He saw that she was a little jealous of the newcomer Shuangyu's good business, and he also persuaded her.Once when Shuangyu was bullying Shuangbao, he said, "It's a good thing you're not flattering others, otherwise she would look down on you too."Shuangzhu didn't mind at all, she was really a bosom friend.

The book repeatedly portrays Hong Shanqing's snobbery and shallowness, but his friendship with Shuangzhu and his sympathy for Shuangbao Ah Jin all give him depth and depth, making him a three-dimensional character.A little play of comforting Shuangbao is very touching. ——Shuangbao moved downstairs to be relegated, presumably because there are many people downstairs, not as strict as upstairs. Luo Zifu and Jiang Yueqin have also been together for four or five years.She was getting old, and he fell in love with Huang Cuifeng again.But more than half of his admiration for Cuifeng is due to his admiration for her character, at least both soul and body.At first he saw her riding in a carriage, but he paid close attention to it, got an impression, and didn't ask who she was, so it couldn't be regarded as surprise or love at first sight.He fell in love with her only after hearing about her subduing the madam.Afterwards, it cooled down a little bit, because he was surprised that she had such a large budget for starting a business on her own, and he could see that she was ripping him off.On the eve of her moving out, he didn't plan to stay overnight, but she insisted on staying so that he could watch her change into plain clothes the next morning and make up for her parents' filial piety, which made him fall in love with this filial daughter.

One of the definitions of being in love, I think, is exaggerating the difference between one opposite sex and all other opposite sexes.The single-minded tendency of these prostitutes in the book is not that the men in the past were more inert, but rather "animals of habit" who did not want to change tastes and pursue excitement, but have more urgent and basic needs, which are as necessary as sex— -love.In the past, early marriage was common, so sex was not a problem.But marriage is not free, although buying concubines and maidservants is what I fancy, unlike in the hall where I meet on social occasions, and there is always a period of time, even if the time is very short, it is not guaranteed to be available, more recent usually love process.This institutionalized prostitution is already much more sophisticated than the procedure of the oil seller Huakuanwomen at that time—even famous prostitutes like Huakuanwomen can stay overnight if strangers pay the night fare.The same is true for the brothel in Japanese Kabuki (also the Chinese character for "brothel" in the play). ——In this era, like Luo Zifu called Huang Cuifeng for more than a dozen bureaus, and they have known each other for at least half a month.He must have been angry at her for being cold to him, so he purposely placed wine at Jiang Yueqin's place to covet her, hoping that she would treat him better, but in the end it almost self-defeating and fell out.After he fully surrendered, he was poured cold water and suffered setbacks before he got his way. Qiguan said that she and Yaoguan were envious of the waiter, and they would marry whoever was the best guest.Although not so ideal, prostitutes at least have the right to self-determination than women from good families.Although there is a main wife in the family after marriage, it is not a love union, which is different.I'm afraid that I will marry another one in the future, but there are not many capable three wives and four concubines. Blind married couples may also fall in love after marriage, but if there is sex before love, without tension, suspense, longing and mystery, it is not love, although it may be the most precious relationship.Love can only be with precocious cousins, and as an adult, the only chances are in the messy corner of the brothel.Then there is only the rhapsody of fox ghosts in Liaozhai. It was still like this until the beginning of the Republic of China.After the Northern Expedition, there was legal protection for independent marriage, abolition of concubines, and divorce.Love and marriage became popular, and it was no coincidence that novels about brothels suddenly became obsolete and disappeared. The first one dedicated to brothels, the theme is actually the orchard of forbidden fruit, filling in an important blank in life a hundred years ago.The most unattainable love in the book is not the love between life and death of Tao Yufu and Li Shufang, but the story of Wang Lian giving birth to Shen Xiaohong. Wang Liansheng set up two tables to treat guests at Zhang Huizhen's new residence. Shen Xiaohong discovered Zhang Huizhen's existence and made a big fuss twice, which made him "ashamed and annoyed, scared and anxious".After she cried and looked for death on the spot, the two escort friends who accompanied him left first, leaving him to comfort her. But Xiaohong also raised her body and took two steps away, saying: "It's hard for you. We will also set up a double table tomorrow to thank you." She laughed to herself.Liansheng couldn't help laughing either. She could be humorous here and now, and what was even more strange was that he could laugh too.It can be seen that there is a resonance between the two of them, which others do not understand.As Shen Xiaohong said, the friendship between him and Zhang Huizhen is simply incomparable. In the fifth chapter, it is written that Wang Liansheng has another Zhang Huizhen, and in the chapter "filling in the gap and making a new love quickly", the phrase "filling the gap" is very puzzling.Shen Xiaohong did not leave Shanghai, and kept in touch with Liansheng as usual.Unless it was because she was in love with Xiao Liu'er, she would naturally treat him differently.He can't help but feel it, although he doesn't know why.Then he has always been a reactionary effect on Zhang Huizhen, using her to fill a nameless emptiness and melancholy. Opposites attract, in addition to between two sexes, it also applies to people of opposite temperaments attracting each other.When Xiaohong made a fuss, she was "unkempt, like a ghost", and Liansheng didn't lose her appetite. Later, she brought up the old story again and wanted to marry her.This is pure emotion, not violence to stimulate lust.After the fight, Xiaohong's maid, Azhu, reminded him to seek pleasure and make amends. He tried his best to convince her that he still loved her and wanted her. Their affairs have reached the stage of paying for their suffering.On the one hand, he admired the little shrew Zhou Shuangyu very much, although Shuangyu hadn't shown her true character at that time.The irony of life is often like this. Liu Bannong gave an example of the technique of line drawing in the book, citing these two passages, both of which are related to Wang Liansheng: Liansheng and others hit the "random clock", counting on their fingers, exactly four times, but when they went to the back terrace to watch, the moon was in the middle of the sky, it was quiet, and there was no fire.Back in the room, it happened that an outfielder ran back first and reported: "It's over there on East Qipan Street." Liansheng hurriedly kicked on the high chair beside the table, opened the glass window and looked southeast, and there was a streak of fire in the gap in the wall. (Eleventh round) Azhu could only hold two puffs of cigarettes, Liansheng stopped smoking, and suddenly sat up cross-legged, intending to take a hookah.Qiaonan gave the hookah, Liansheng took it in her hand, took a puff, and shed two tears for no reason. (Fifty-fourth chapter, formerly fifty-seventh chapter) The first paragraph has the artistic conception of an old poem.In the second paragraph, A Zhu, Shen Xiaohong's old servant, asked Liansheng: "Mr. Xiaohong, is this a mother playing?" He asked again: "Then the big Ajin has come out, and the big sister doesn't need it?" Liansheng just nodded. head.Continue to the hookah smoking section. Xiaohong ruined her reputation because of her concubine, and she has come to this point.After he was completely disillusioned with her, he still had no love left.It is a major breakthrough in the love story to write that a contemptible coward like him can be elevated to such a desolate state. I read this book for the first time when I was thirteen or fourteen years old. After I finished reading it, I had no choice but to read the preface again.Seeing Liu Bannong quote these two paragraphs, it is good to read the original text again! For the next twenty years, until I went abroad, I read it again every few years. Only the Yadong edition that our family used to buy was bought after reading the preface in "Hu Shi Wencun", and it has never been found elsewhere.Haven't seen it for years.I still remember very clearly, especially these two paragraphs. Liu Bannong was probably more emotional than rational, so he believed in the rumors recorded by Xu Jin’s father’s preface and Lu Xun’s edition of Tsinghua Book Company. Say: The names and facts contained in this article are all fabricated out of thin air, and there is no reference to them. Liu Bannong thinks this is a novelist's habit; such a solemn statement is even more trying to cover up, it is "not calling oneself"; (2) Zhao Puzhai and his mother and sister are not bad people, they are considered kind in the book, but the end is worse than anyone else. Miserable, it is clear that the author deliberately made life difficult for them. "The characters in the book are purely fictitious" has become a typical statement in many modern novels, and it seems that it cannot be referred to as "not self-inflicted".Good people don't end well, and the author takes revenge to vent his anger, which is even more strange, as if there is no such thing as tragedy in the world, and good will always be rewarded with good, and evil will be rewarded with evil. Hu Shi analyzed Xu Xu’s and Lu Xun’s history of novels, and listed the contradictions in the rumors recorded by the two: Xu: Zhao Puzhai bought all his books and burned them. (Obviously Zhao was not dead when the booklet was published.) Lu: Zhao Chong bribed the author, and stopped writing until the twenty-eighth chapter.After Zhao's death, he continued to write the whole book. Xu: The author once rescued Zhao. Lu: Zhao Chang rescued the author. Xu: Sister Zhao was actually a prostitute. Lu: The author framed her as a prostitute. Hu Shi also pointed out that Han Ziyun went to Beijing in the autumn of 1891 to take the provincial examination, and returned to the south with the best-selling author Haishang Shushisheng (Sun Yusheng).There have been 24 manuscripts, which have been presented to Sun.In February of the following year, the first two chapters were published. In October, the twenty-eighth chapter was suspended, and a single volume was published fourteen months later. Have you stopped writing because of "heavy bribes"? It also leads to the end that Zhao Erbao was abandoned by the third son of Shi, suffered a lot, was injured by a bad guest, fell asleep and had a dream, dreaming that the third son sent someone to pick her up.A sentence she said to her mother in her dream, she felt that based on this sentence alone, "this book is not a book of slander": Each of these nineteen characters is blood and tears, and it really has the style of "gentleness and honesty, resentment but not anger" as the ancients said!That's the end of this one. ——Hu Shixu Section 3 The book ends in modernity and stops abruptly.The author walks ahead of the times, and inevitably becomes a little guilty and timid, so he finds a supplementary "postscript", explaining the fate of everyone one by one, and pretending to have a visitor to ask.In fact, if any readers are interested, they will never fail to ask whether Li Huanfang is married to Tao Yufu, the only doubt.After Li Shufang's death, her mother, sister Li Xiu, wanted to follow her behest and give Huanfang to Yufu as a concubine, but Yufu firmly refused and wanted to recognize her as his adopted daughter, but sister Li Xiu refused.Tao Yunfu claimed to have a solution, but before he could say it, he was interrupted, and there was no more to say. The only thing Tao Yunfu cares about is his younger brother, and he has absolutely no reason to force his younger brother to take a concubine, but he also thinks Huanfang is cute (see Chapter 41—formerly Chapter 43), and he must guard against Yufu’s future concubine. Regretted, maybe I suggest giving Huanfang to Yunfu's own wife, and when she is older, Yufu can still marry her off.But Yufu will insist that her identity has not yet been determined and she cannot be allowed in.If the stalemate drags on, time is not good for Sister Li Xiu, because Huanfang is not suitable to stay in the brothel.Once he realized that Yufu really didn't want her, he had no choice but to let him adopt her as a righteous daughter. Although Huanfang is innocent, she doesn't have a Lolita mentality towards Yufu.Nabokov's famous novel — made into a film starring James Mason — is about a middle-aged man and a twelve-year-old girl who seduce each other into adultery.Psychologically, a little girl will unconsciously seduce her father.Not only is Huanfang not as precocious as Lolita, but she is so late that she is almost imbecile, so the passion of her first love is more unfettered and innocent.If she married Yufu, the past relationship between the two of them would seem to add a layer of ambiguity.Perhaps Yufu refused for this reason, but also to explain his mind to Shufang's ghost, and on the one hand, he also made it clear to himself-he is not a man of iron and stone, and he will not be completely indifferent. The author doesn't want to try to match it on his behalf, which is very gratifying, but it will be anti-climax if he writes it down, and it will be even more detrimental for women who recognize righteousness.It is a smart way to cut it off early and let it go. Liu Bannong regretted that this book did not write more about low-end brothels, but changed his pen to write about officialdom.I think it's because Mr. Liu doesn't write novels himself, and he doesn't know that when writing novels, as long as they are edited properly, people will get the impression that they are very familiar with the subject matter; in fact, Han Ziyun probably knows all about low-end brothels.From this book, we also know that there are venereal diseases and the danger of being beaten by hooligans in low-level brothels.Probably only for sightseeing once in a while, not often.There is nothing in literature and art that should not be written about which class.And here it is also structurally necessary.Because Zhao Erbao lived in Yili Garden with Mr. Shi San, and after a while, he fell down again, climbed high and fell hard.If they just face each other in his mansion day in and day out, she still can't fully enter his world, it's relatively monotonous and easy to get bored. Writing Ichikasaen at least allows us to see a precious glimpse of the domestic prostitution system.The girls who study opera here are a special case, and they are dedicated to the imperial concubine of Guining. Generally, it is probably like the situation of Qiguan Yaoguan in this book.Yao Guanxu is fourteen years old and only thirteen years old. He has been employed by his master for some time.Qi Yunsou is the only one who likes young girls in the book—others like to play with them.Yin Chiyuan loves Lin Cuifen, but she would rather use Zhang Xiuying to vent her desire.And it's not because Qi Yunsou is old and frail that he can't cope with mature women-his new favorite is Su Guanxiang who has returned from marriage. Qiguan Yaoguan had a night talk with Sun Sulan, and Yaoguan said that Sun Sulan and Hua Tiemei were good friends, so she must have married him.Sun Sulan laughed at her for saying it easily, and made fun of the two of them marrying Master Qi. The Yao official said that she "talked to the crooked side when she talked about it", which means that the old man raped the young girl, which cannot be compared.In the book, the scenes between Yunsou and Qiguan are very subtly written, and the only excuse is that Yaoguan, who is not holding back, made a point. Qi Yunsou led Qiguan Yaoguan and ran into Xiaozan in the bamboo forest. He seemed to be pleading to another person, but he didn't see who it was, and this person had already run away.After interrogating them, Qiguan told Yaoguan not to say anything, but told Yunsou "not from our garden", presumably to say that he is not from the Qi family, so as not to insult the family style.There is no further information on this matter, until the "postscript" lists the fate of all people, and there is a sentence "Xiao Zan Xiaoqing flees away with money". It turns out that Xiao Zan met Su Guanxiang's eldest sister, Xiao Qing, in private.Xiao Zan, a poet boy who is equivalent to a "poetry maid", abandons her career and elopes with her lover.That date was broken, and Qiguan concealed it for him, presumably out of fear of enmity.Su Guanxiang is a little aunt, a relative of the emperor and a new favorite, just like Concubine Yang's younger sister, Mrs. Guo.Although Qiguan doesn't know that Guanxiang Xiang Yunsou falsely accused her of being gay with Sun Sulan, he must also know that she is Guanxiang's "thorn in the side" (see Chapter 1).Guanxiang loses face by exposing the scandal again, and the situation is even more at odds.The mysterious person is Xiaoqing, and if there is no explanation in the book, it will not show Qiguan's vigilance and her difficult situation. It is always because the book is coming to an end, and there is no chance to insert Xiaozan Xiaoqing in the following, so I have to point it out in the postscript, just like the thirteenth chapter "Carrying the sedan chair Zhou Shaohe and Penghe" is only pointed out in the chapter. No word was mentioned in the reply. But Yuba made up for it, and his strength was not enough.At that time, Guan Qi kept things quiet and made peace with others, and did not allow Yao Guan to speak out, which made people not only depressed but also a little disgusted.She said that the ones with Xiao Zan were outsiders, the elder sister brought by the waiter besides Xiao Qing, Lin Sufen and Lin Cuifen also brought the eldest sister, probably one of each from the aunt and elder sister, the two share.Like Zhao Erbao, he only brought his aunt, Ahu, to comb her hair, which was indispensable.Sun Sulan only brought one older sister, presumably two of Aqiao's colleagues like Wei Xiaxian's, one of the few older sisters who could comb her hair. Auntie is not very young and beautiful.Xiao Zan appealed to this person, as if he was courting a young girl for love or pleasure—or else it was someone with a higher status. The male servants in the book, such as Zhang Shoukuang, are jealous of their master's beauty and make trouble, so excited that they are almost psychotic.Someone once lamented that Chinese maids have been abstinent for many years, but in fact, male servants cannot have family life.Of course, you can go to prostitutes; but you never want to be favored by courtiers, and class concepts are very strict on this point.But Xiao Zan is no ordinary servant, he is knowledgeable and promising, and has repeatedly shown off in public.Usually, the maids are accompanied by their aunts all the time, but they are free in the Yili Garden, such as Su Guanxiang and Lin Cuifen wandering alone.Therefore, there are so many possible women that it is impossible to guess.More like Sun Sulan's eldest sister, Qi Guan concealed that she was Wei Hu's righteous sister—or was it the frustrated Lin Cuifen who moved on?These vague doubts weaken Qiguan's scene, which is also her last, and detract from the entire portrait of this special girl.She didn't know it was Xiaoqing until she saw the postscript, and it was possible to figure out that Qiguan had her last resort, which was already a step too late. Songjiang Diangong, the author's fellow-townsman, wrote that he was "closest to a certain school book, and usually hides in his make-up pavilion", but also said that his "family background...is poor".Liu Bannong said: According to legend, Hua Yeliannong was originally a huge family property, and she was completely mixed up in the hall.This sentence is probably true, because if you want to be in the hall, you have to spend money; if you want to be so familiar, you have to have a huge family. Maybe a smart person doesn't need to have a huge amount of furniture, as long as he is willing to squander it, it will be enough.He didn't live to be forty years old, but he was already "family...poor", probably he didn't have a lot of money, and he couldn't afford to spend it. The author said in the "Example": "The style of writing in the whole book is said to have come out of detachment, but the law of interspersed with hidden flashes has never been seen before." Diseases" and other texts).In some places, he even deliberately imitated it, such as Qiguan Yaoguan and other young actresses living in Lihuayuan - Fangguan Ouguan and others living in Lixiangyuan.Xiao Zan's poetry is a set of Xiangling's poetry.Among the pair of men and women in the movie, the only two scenes between Hua Tiemei and Sun Sulan are quarrels and more or less reconciliations, which remind people of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu's repeated quarrels and reunions.These two love scenes between Gao Ya, Bai Yin, and Yuan Yuan are of a higher style. Hua Tiemei is obviously as talented as Gao Yabai Yin Chiyuan, but the book does not praise him like Gao Yin, but the humble posture of self-portrait.After the quarrel, he reunited with Sun Sulan in Yiliyuan, and he told her that he gave her a dozen champagne, which was given to her elder sister to take back.Whether or not the author is aware of the Western custom of sending flowers to a woman in apology—often a dozen roses—the champagne here is also apologetic.It's a case for a gift,—a case of twelve bottles—a lot of money.The way Sun Sulan greeted him could also tell that he was not in good health.The author died early, so he probably won't be in good health. At that time, male and female servants were already hired, and only maidservants remained in this century.In the book, only Hua Tiemei's "family slave Hua Zhong" is very eye-catching.It is called "Jia Ding" again, and there is only "Little Jia Ding Shezi" of Shu San, the owner of the foreign goods store. Ming people's novel "Three Words and Two Pai" are all servant master's surname.The maidservant is called "the foster mother", and the "mother" refers to the young woman, that is, the adopted daughter.The boy servant must also be considered an adopted son.Therefore, the servants in the middle school called the master and housewife "father" and "mother", and later generations only upgraded to "grandfather (father)" and "grandma".But the middle servant has no surname, only a prayerful name such as "Laiwang", like the most common dog name "Laifu".This may be because "Sanyan Erpai" is a work in the south of the Yangtze River, which retains the traditional customs of the Han people. In the north, it is more influenced by the Hu people.Both the Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties discriminated against the Han people. Of course, Han servants were not allowed to use their surnames. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Li Luyuan, a native of Henan, wrote the novel "Light of the Forked Road", in which the servant of the Tan family is named Wang Zhong.During the reign of Qianlong, Hua Zhong, an old servant of the An family, also used his own name.Apparently the Qing Dynasty began to allow servants to use their original surnames.They also discriminate against Han people, but they are more open-minded than Liao, Jin and Yuan, and they don't give them pet-like names, which preserves their human dignity.But until the late Qing Dynasty, this unwritten law did not seem to have been extended to the folks in the south. In the years between these two books, some of the male servants have names but no surnames, such as Laiwang (Wang'er) and Laixing (Xing'er), but most of them use their original names, such as Li Gui, Jiao Da, etc. , Lin Zhixiao, etc.Laiwang and Xinger are the servants of Jia Lian and his wife. They come from the early draft "Fengyue Baojian", the story of Jia Rui and Eryou, of course there is Jia Lianfeng in it.Since then, I still use the ancient official names and place names, and the names of the servants still follow the ancient system; after repeated rewriting, they become more and more realistic, and the names of the servants also follow the system of the dynasty.Therefore, the names of male servants are divided into two factions: the early and the late.The only exception is Bao Er. Although he is also Jia Lianfeng's servant and a character in Eryou's story, he uses his real surname.However, this name was added to Jia’s mother’s sentence in the later period of writing: “I don’t remember carrying it on my back and hugging me?”——When Sister Jia Lianfeng was arguing about Bao Er’s family—then she changed her name to Bao Er for the homonym, presumably her original name Lai'an and the like. There is also a secret cooperation system.Qi Yunsou's manager Xia Yuqing, Zhu Airen's brother's servant Zhang Shou, and Li Shifu's nephew's Kuang Er all use their original names. The Zhu family and the Li family are all officials.Gao Sheng, the servant of Luo Zifu, the county magistrate, could not be his real surname Gao. "Gao Sheng" and "Gao Fa" are the most common "stage names" for official servants. They may be professional servants with a high turnover. They were recommended by acquaintances, not the original Luo family. Family members, but can still be classified as one with a surname. During the fire, Wang Liansheng typed a few sentences in foreign language to the foreign patrol police before he could pass. He was obviously a foreign affairs official.His attitude towards poetry is ethical and vulgar (chapter 33), so he must not be born in a proper way.The name of his servant is Lai'an, and the servant of the merchant Chen Xiaoyun is named Changfu. They are all auspicious "slave names" without surnames. The "Xiaojiading Shezi" of Shusan, the owner of Yangguanghuo. The author did not expect this word.Children with horoscopes or poor health will enter the temple as a monk by name to pray for disaster relief, so the baby name is Shezi, not a slave name for good praise and prayer, so they should have a surname—surname, like Hua Tiemei’s family Ding Huazhong Same surname as Hua. Hua Tiemei lives in Qiao's fourth family, obviously not in Shanghai.He and Mr. Lai Wang Liansheng are family friends, so they should be children of the old family.Shusan is a Cantonese. His previous generation was a big businessman in Guangzhou, and he sold many precious antiques in his hands. The words "Hua" and "Hua" are interlinked, so Hua Tiemei must be Hua Ye Lianong.The author's father was the head of the Ministry of Criminal Justice.He himself did not win the exam. He and Shu San came from a poor family. One lives in Songjiang and the other lives in Shanghai. They are both quite isolated and outside the mainstream of the contemporary era.It was a transitional era. There are some old-fashioned families in Jiangnan and South China. The servants are still "family-born sons" (in Chinese). Although they are legally free, they are still attached to their masters for life, just like some black slaves liberated after the American Southern War, so they still look like The surname of the servants in the south of the Ming Dynasty. Official servants all use their original surnames according to the Manchu Qing system, but new entrants such as Wang Liansheng in the periphery - only after the sea ban was lifted - still follow folk customs, but he and Chen Xiaoyun are probably originally from the north of the Yangtze River, the outer edge of the Central Plains, or The legacy of the past in the north, naming servants Lai'an and Changfu—such as Henan has already become Manhua.As a result, there is a strange phenomenon that there are three systems in parallel. Hua Tiemei "doesn't like bustle", and food and drink "don't like the pursuit of sex and intimacy".This is the image the author sees himself, a cold-eyed person in the sensual field, with few desires but not ruthless. It is also reasonable, if the author is weak and sick. Writing about Hua Tiemei is very simple, I use curved pens, because I am too embarrassed to say more.This book is brief enough.According to legend, although the Yangtze River is torrential, it can release and receive, and the reserved place is very reserved, which has caused many misunderstandings and disputes in later generations.Is it too obscure to inherit this tradition and go to extremes? No one thinks that Li Shangyin's poems or Ingmar Bergman's films are too obscure. It's just a matter of fashion.Hu Shi thought it was published too early, and no one regarded novels as literature at that time.I think it's a pity that it's a hundred years late.It was printed in 1791, and published in installments one hundred and one years later.It doesn't matter if it's not finished, it was continued for forty chapters, and the previous text was reversed, which changed the nature of Sister Feng Xiren and You Sanjie, and the characters lost their multi-faceted complexity.Although Sister Feng is greedy and cool, she is not unfaithful.Although Xiren broke his integrity and remarried, Baoyu forced him to "test Yunyuqing for the first time", and he didn't push it halfway.Third Sister You's debauched past has been deleted, and a woman who dies for love must be pure. There is not one major event in the eighty chapters of the original work.Except Qingwen's death.After checking the Grand View Garden, Baoyu was about to move out of the garden, but that was just a return to the life before entering the garden on the 23rd time, only Qingwen was missing.Yingchun is the least intelligent and lovely of the sisters, so her marriage and death are not very shocking.Major events are in the next forty chapters.It can be said that the original work has no outline, even if it exists, it is faint, and it is only clear after modern textual research.From the reader's point of view, the last forty chapters give the outline, while the first eighty chapters only provide the detailed and real texture of life. A few years ago, a newspaper held a public opinion poll, and among the ten things that impressed me the most, except for the two passages about Daiyu's burial of flowers and Sister Feng, the other seven are all in the sequel!If it is said that this kind of public opinion survey is not very reliable, just from the common texts about it—some of them are probably the papers of college students majoring in Chinese, and they were published—it can be seen that the people who are generally more interested are Sister Feng’s prostitution and sex. At the end of the life, the unjust ghost takes his life; Juan suspects that she has an affair with Baoyu.Because of the incomplete manuscripts, these few thin legendary dramas were edited and added by Gao E (see my book for details), and the repairs were also quite sloppy, like shantytowns using a wall of a building.At that time, readers regarded it as the original work because they really longed for the eighty chapters of the manuscript and the following.The same desire has led modern scholars to accept that the continuation is at least partly a posthumous manuscript.Ordinary readers have already lost interest, but whenever someone points out various flaws in the sequel, everyone is too familiar with the content and has long turned a blind eye, as if these people are so bored that they can't bear to criticize other people's old wives. Merit aside, it’s the first novel at length to focus on love, and we’re a love-barren country.Its unprecedented success would not have been entirely unrelated to this.Since it was published at the end of the eighteenth century, its status in China is probably unmatched by any novel in the world—there are in China, but "Three Kingdoms" may have more oral transmission than readers, so its influence on religion is greater than that of writing. The influence of the hundred and twenty chapters on the novel is too great to estimate.By the time it was published at the end of the nineteenth century, the taste for reading had already been formed, and the only standard was the legendary plot and realistic details.So far, even the scar literature in the mainland is still like this, more obvious than outside the mainland, because of the years of isolation and isolation, the influence of the West has disappeared.Of course, due to the suppression and persecution, writers must first have the courage and the spirit of sacrifice, and they cannot be too demanding in terms of realism.As long as it looks like you have stayed in this type of unit, it is not completely behind closed doors.But there are also extremely precious materials, indelible fragments of impressions, such as a girl squatting alone in the wilderness at dusk and continuing to work after finishing work, surrounded by the black shadow of mountains.但是整个的看来，令人惊异的是一旦摆脱了外来的影响与中共一部分的禁条，露出的本来面目这样稚嫩，仿佛我们没有过去，至少过去没有小说。 中国文化古老而且有连续性，没中断过，所以渗透得特别深远，连见闻最不广的中国人也都不太天真。独有小说的薪传中断过不止一次。所以这方面我们不是文如其人的。中国人不但谈恋爱"含情脉脉"，就连亲情友情也都有约制。 "爸爸，我爱你"，"孩子，我也爱你"只能是译文。惟有在小说里我们呼天抢地，耳提面命诲人不倦。而且像我七八岁的时候看电影，看见一个人物出场就急着问："是好人坏人？" 上世纪末叶久已是这样了。微妙的平淡无奇的自然使人嘴里谈出鸟来。它第二次出现，正当五四运动进入高潮。认真爱好文艺的人拿它跟西方名著一比，南辕北辙，把传统发展到极端，比任何古典小说都更不像西方长篇小说——更散漫，更简略，只有个姓名的人物更多。 而通俗小说读者看惯了《九尾龟》与后来无数的连载妓院小说，觉得挂羊头卖狗肉，也有受骗的感觉。因此高不成低不就。当然，许多人第一先看不懂吴语对白。 当时的新文艺，小说另起炉灶，已经是它历史上的第二次中断了。第一次是发展到是个高峰，而高峰成了断崖。 但是一百年后倒居然又出了个。两次悄悄的自生自灭之后，有点什么东西死了。 虽然不能全怪吴语对白，我还是把它译成国语。这是第三次出版。就怕此书的故事还没完，还缺一回，回目是： 张爱玲五详 看官们三弃 （一九八三年十月）