Chapter 42 Florence ①

Florence ① ① Today's translated name is: Florence. The most unforgettable thing about Florence is the brightly colored cathedral and the soaring bell tower beside it.The church is close to the busy city, and in the narrow old streets and densely packed city houses, it spreads out its huge size, like a mountain.Its door and wall are all made of marble, with black, red and white lines alternating with each other.Rectangle is the basic pattern, so although there are many straight lines, it does not feel serious or romantic; walking around the church during the day, looking up, just like looking at Da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" (Mona Lisa), she Above you, but also within you.This is not only because of the gentle and calm linear shape, the three-color marbles, with their luster, reflect each other and give you a clear and stable feeling; in addition, the simple and gloomy surroundings set off this magnificent building, It's like laying a solid foundation for it.It's different at night; in the dim street lights, this huge shadow oppresses you somewhat.The construction of the church was started in the thirteenth century, but the door wall is only something from the nineteenth century; it was completed in 1884, and it is only forty-nine years now.

The inside of the church is very simple, it is by no means the same as the door wall, only the dome is huge.The bell tower is on the right side of the church. It is 292 feet high and is a masterpiece of Giot #o (14th century).Giotto is the founder of Italian art; his mastery can be seen from this bell tower.The wall is also made of colored marble; the width and height are exactly the same, exquisite but not thin.The wall is divided into seven layers: the lower four layers are very short, in order to lay the foundation, and the uppermost layer is the longest, to help the upward trend.The windows are taller, fewer and larger, and there is only one on the top floor; there is a magical effect of the pyramid shape in the rectangle.Opposite the church is the Baptistery, famous for its bronze doors made by Ghiberti.There are two most exquisite doors, engraved with pictures of "Bible" stories in ten directions.Michelangelo (sixteenth century) said that these two gates are really worthy to be the gates of Paradise in heaven, and it is a good story.

If the content of the church is rich, it is necessary to push the Zitang, which is named after "Song Zi Tu".In the porch outside the door there is a mural of Sarto (Sarto, 16th century), in which both he and his wife are in the painting; it is common for the painter to use himself or his wife as a model.The roof of the church is bounded by golden lacquer patterns into long square lattices, which is extremely splendid.There is a shrine on the left side of the door, with bright lights shining, fragrant flowers for offerings, and the "Songzi Picture" on the wall.The painting depicts an angel sending Jesus to the Virgin Mary, which is said to be the work of an angel.It is usually hidden from our ordinary eyes; it is only revealed once a year on Easter Friday.This is the most revered shrine in Tuscany.

The family temple of Medici is also famous for its richness, but it is completely different from other places.The Medicis were grand dukes in the Middle Ages and ruled Florence for many years.At that time, Florence was very rich, and their family was extremely poor; half of the prosperity of Florence's art was due to their hobbies.This family temple is the burial place of the grand duke family.The house is octagonal with a dome; it is divided into two floors, the lower floor is the tomb, and the upper floor is the statue and monument.The walls on the upper floor are all made of high-quality marble of various colors, and the middle is inlaid with gemstones to form patterns, and the floor is also paved with marble inlays; the roof is painted by famous people.Radiant and colorful; inlays of the finest quality, smooth as nature.Stone inlay in Florence is as famous as glass inlay in Venice. The Medici family spent 20 million yuan to build this temple, but it has not been completed yet; more than half of the statue base is still empty, and the ground has not been fully paved.Next to it is a new temple, built by Michelangelo, which is simple and unadorned; there are four statues in it, called "Day", "Morning" and "Twilight", which are the decorations of the monument and are made by Michelangelo. quite famous.

① Today's translated name is: Michelangelo. The Cross Church is "Florence's West Temple" and "Tusken's State Funeral Home"; in front is the statue of Dante.The tombs of Michelangelo and the scientist Greeley are here, and Dante also has a monument; in addition, there are many tombs of famous people.The remains of Florence's relationship with Dante, except for this church, is his residence near the Songzi Church; it is an honest small brick house with a square building. It is said that rich people at that time There are square buildings like this.He met his lover Petrazzi, legend has it, by a bridge; this scene is often seen in pictures.This interesting bridge looks like the Trinity Bridge over the Anu River according to the picture. There are two statues on both ends of the bridge, and the scenery is not bad.Petrazzi's house is not far from Dante's; she is buried in a chapel just across the street from the house.The double doors of this church are closed and dilapidated, and it is said that it is not often opened all year round.The houses of Dante and Petrazzi are no longer used for other purposes, and they cannot be entered. Only some commemorative wooden signs are nailed to the walls.There is a wooden sign on the wall of Petrazzi's house, which is devoted to two lines of Dante's poem, saying that he met a beautiful woman, but it has some meaning.There is also a church, which is said to be the place where Dante wrote the "Divine Comedy"; but it is not in the book, maybe it is the words of "Qidong Savage".The house where Michelangelo lived was near the Church of the Crocied, the residence of his nephew.Now it is a small museum, and two of the rooms display sketches by Michel Angelo, some of which are prototypes of famous works, all of which are full of vigor and vitality.On this level, he seems to be luckier than Dante.

Florence's famous square is called the official square, and it is said to be a historical and commercial center, which is much darker and colder than St. Mark's Square in Venice.The Weizhou Mansion in the east was originally the parliament of the Republican era, but now it is the city government.If you look at Florence's castle in the middle ages, this is what it looks like, the building looks like a copper wall and an iron wall.In front of the door is a reprint of Michelangelo's "David" (David) (the original is kept in the local National Academy of Fine Arts).Fuxi is a famous fountain with many statues; in the middle, Apollo drives four horses, which are said to be hewn from a piece of marble.But it is rigid and lifeless, which can be seen when compared with the "David" portrait with flesh and blood next to it.Michelangelo said that this statue is a waste of marble, which may be true.In the east of the mansion is the Langqi Pavilion, which was originally a gathering place for the people, and there are many good ancient statues inside; one of the statues has two faces, and the latter is the author himself.

To the east of the square is the Uffizi Gallery.This painting academy was established by the Medici family, and it has the largest collection of Italian paintings from the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries; the essence of Italian painting is gathered here, which is better than there.The works of Giotto, Botecili (Bot#iDcel#i, fifteenth century), Da Vinci (fifteenth century), Raphael (sixteenth century), Michelangelo, and Tieqin are all here Yes; Potekili and Tieqin have the most.Giotto, Botecili, and Da Vinci are all Florentines, emphasizing lines and composition; Raphael, who had been to Florence, was also influenced.Tieqin is a Venetian style with heavy coloring.These two trends are a big difference in Western painting.Potecchili's works such as "The Fable of Brimavira" and "The Birth of Cupid" seem to be the most representative of the former school; Da Vinci's "Sending a Child" is also very ingenious in composition.Tie Qin's "Flora Statue" and "Flora Statue" can be seen in rich colors and soft rhythms.There is also "The Blue Madonna", which was made by Sazo Ferrato (Sos #ofer #ato, seventeenth century), and many copies were made later; "Novel Monthly" once printed illustrations.Among the ancient statues, "Medician Venus" and "Wrestling" are the most: the former is full of charm, and the latter is full of energy, both of which are divine.Across the Anu River is the Pitti Academy of Painting, and a long gallery communicates with the Uffizi; this gallery is built on top of a bridge, and many portraits are hung in it.Pitti Academy of Painting was established by Luca Pitti.He and Medici are deadly enemies.But it was the Medicis who expanded the painting academy later on.The famous paintings in the collection include Raphael's two "Madonna", "Funalina" and Tie Qin's "Madala".Fornalina was Raphael's fiancée and was the model for many of his masterpieces.This painting by Tie Qin is similar in style to "Portrait of Flora", but the blond hair is fluttering, and the rhythm is more vivid.

In the two painting academies, women are often seen sitting at a small table and copying small portraits with a tracing brush dipped in powder. This kind of small portrait is to copy a famous painting on a small piece of rectangular or oval paper, put it in a small glass frame, and commit crimes. For clearing the head.Because the place is too small, I can only copy the bust.This is also a special art in the West, with quite a history.Art gallery visitors pass by those little tables, and they often invite you to look at their work; hand you a magnifying glass to show you that it's meticulous.Each piece is about twenty yuan.They held the ladies especially, and perhaps the wives appreciated their patience better.

Near the Cross Church, there are many stone-embedded shops.The pattern of black stone inlaid or patterned flower figures are good; fortunately, the color and luster set off each other, which is just right.There are a few clown statues, which are very interesting.But there is no good in copying landscapes or pictures.No matter how realistic it is, there is always a layer of separation; inlaying stones can never be as flexible as painting.Besides, even if it is as good as a painting, it is only because of a coincidence that there is nothing new in it.Venetian glass is different.They use small glass cubes to form landscapes; these glass cubes are similar but not identical, and what they form is not a simple plane, but dots of many colors.When you look at it, you will feel that every point is touching you, and the light and shadow between them can easily change with your angle; at least this layer of "touching you" cannot be done in painting.However, the color of the marble used by Florence is much better than that of glass; although the Venetians can color it, it is still not as good as it is.

(Originally published in "Middle School Students" No. 27 on September 1, 1932)