Chapter 16 Preface to "Legend of Heroes and Heroes"

sequence -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ There were originally two false prefaces: one was the preface of "Yongzheng Yanfeng Shetige (twelfth year) Shangsi ten days after the visit to see my Zhaifu"; Looking at the preface of the East China Sea three days ago".These two prefaces are all pretexts, because it is mentioned in the book, and also mentioned in the preface of Guan Jian Wo Zhai, where is the Yongzheng Dynasty?The book also mentions the characters in "Pin Hua Bao Jian", Xu Duxiang and Yuan Baoqiu (chapter 32). What about the characters?

There is also a preface written by Ma Congshan in the ancient Liao Dynasty in Wuyin (fourth year) of the reign of Emperor Guangxu in the lithograph of the Feiyingguan, but this preface has some historical research materials.He said: a book, written by Mr. Wen Tiexian (Kang).Mr. is the second grandson of Duke Wenxiang (Bao) of the old scholar Le, who took Wei as the doctor of Lifan Academy. He was appointed as the county guard and recommended to observe. at home. Mr. Shao inherited the shadow of his family, and the prosperity of his family is incomparable.In his later years, all the sons were unworthy, and their family fortunes fell; the relics of the past were sold out.

The gentleman is in the same room, and he has nothing but pen and ink, so he writes this book to amuse himself.Although his books are entrusted to the official family, the country's allusions, old news from previous generations, are often there.And Mr. has personally experienced the ups and downs, so in the changes of the world, the repetition of human feelings, three compliments. Mister regrets his past mistakes and expresses his ambition to fail? Later, I asked my friends in Beijing about the author of this book, and what they said can also confirm what Ma Congshan said in the preface.Mr. Zhi Zanxi (Zhi Qi) also said: In the middle of Guangxu, some people saw the eldest sister in Li, and she was no longer just a half-aged lady.

Wenkang's deeds have been outlined in Ma Congshan's preface.My friend Mr. Li Xuanbo (Zong Tong) once researched Wenkang’s family background, and listed a table ("Meng Jin" issue 22), as follows: Wen Fu Le Paul — Yinghui Wenhou Yingde Ying Shou Wenjun Ying Kui Yingxiu Wenkang Yongbao— Yingzhi Wenxi Yinghua ii... . ... ii. i i ... . ... Uncle Xuan said that he couldn't decide which son of the English generation Wenkang was.This family did have a long history; Ma Congshan said that his family was "incomparably prosperous", which is not too much.His family name is Fei Mo, and he is from Hongqi.Wen Fu was the Minister of the Ministry of Industry and walked in the military aircraft. In the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong's conquest of Jinchuan, he was the deputy general. He was shot and killed in battle. He rewarded the Earl and was inherited by his second son Yongbao.Lebao became the governor of Shaanxi, Gansu, and transferred to the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou; in the early years of Jiaqing, he had the merit of pacifying Zhongmiao and was granted the title of Marquis of Wei Le; The military affairs of the five provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan, and Jin were named dukes.Yongbao also served as governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, and governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. He was posthumously named Kemin after his death.

In the generation of English characters, there were several high officials; in the generation of characters, Wen Jun was the governor of Jiangxi. Xuanbo said: "Several members of his family have been to the northwest. Wen Fu and Yongbao have all served in Uliasutai, so Anji almost went to Uliasutai. The title of cabinet bachelor and minister of rites, Le Bao and Yinghui did it once each, and Yingshou twice, so Anji was also promoted to this position." Uncle Xuan's words are certainly good, as in the fortieth time when Mrs. Li'an asked where Ulia Sutai was, the uncle and wife said: "Auntie, why did you forget? Didn't the fourth master come here?" Is this place?" This is a proof. ——But we can't say that it is a book whose author narrates the history of his family.Ma Congshan said: "Everything mentioned in the book has its own person; I know it and don't want to say it explicitly.

Those who know Mr.'s family background can search for it by themselves. "This statement cannot be fully believed. The so-called "everyone has his own person", such as the elder sister, someone has seen it; for example, the troupe of opera actors and "Old Dou" mentioned by Deng Jiugong in Chapter 32 - "the four famous troupes" "The four Erhuang hard feet", the number one scholar Shi Lianfeng, etc., probably all have real people. (Yu Taibai is Cheng Changgeng) In addition, such as the thirteenth sister, such as Deng Jiugong, must be imaginary characters. An Xuehai , An Ji is not a portrayal of the author himself, at most it can only be said to be an ideal figure when Wen Kang repented in his later years.

In my personal opinion, it's the exact opposite.Cao Xueqin and Wen Tiexian were both rich and powerful people, and they both wrote books when they were poor and sad in their later years.But Cao Xueqin was willing to write directly about the sins of him and his family, while Wen Tiexian not only refused to write about the reasons for his family's decline, but also tried his best to describe an ideal and happy family.Cao Xueqin wrote about the shadow of his family; Wen Tiexian wrote about the opposite of his family.Wen Tiexian's preface (the preface of the pseudonym "Guan Jian Wo Zhai") also said: Cultivating the Tao is teaching.Instead of the hidden religion using "doing bad things to bring disaster" as a back cover, is it true that Yi Ruoxian teaches "doing good to bring good luck" as a slap in the face?

This is a very clear confession.Ma Congshan claimed that "the museum has been in Mr.'s house for the longest time", and he also said in the preface: Mr. regrets his past mistakes, and expresses his ambitions? It can be seen that Wen Tiexian has "past mistakes"; but he refuses to describe those "past mistakes" honestly, but wants to fabricate an ideal family to "express his unfulfilled ambitions".So it became a legendary rather than a realistic novel. As we read, we must remember this.It is intentional to write the concept of "doing good to bring prosperity"; it is intentional to write a family that does good and prospers to reflect the decline of the author's experience.The plot in the book is the opposite of the author's family background everywhere.Wenkang was born as a donated official, while An Xuehai and An Ji were both born in Kejia.Wenkang was a high official but his family was in decline; An Xuehaizhi was a magistrate of a river worker and was involved in compensation. Later, he taught his son to become famous and his family prospered day by day.Wenkang has "past mistakes"; An Xuehai is a gentleman of science, a good official, and a perfect person with no flaws in his life.In Wenkang's later years, "all the sons are unworthy, and their family is in decline"; while An Xuehai "the husband and wife have a long life, and the son is honored and the grandson is honored"; ——In these places, it can be seen that Wenkang fabricated a happy family as a kind of spiritual comfort when he was the poorest and most bored.All the things that his family lacked most in reality were all available in that imaginary realm.The ancients said: "Chewing after passing through the butcher's gate, although there is no meat, it is solid and satisfying." A novel can comfort the author who "felt poor and hungry in his white years".

In "Chinese Literature in the Past Fifty Years" (Volume Two of Hu Shi's Essays), I discussed the vernacular novels in the past fifty years in general: The vernacular novels of the past fifty years... can be divided into two groups: the commentary novels in the north and the satirical novels in the south.Commentary novels in the north can be regarded as folk literature; its nature is biased towards the human aspect, which can make countless ordinary people refuse to let go of it after listening to it, and refuse to let it go after reading it; Sincere experience.They have eloquence and skills, but they have no academic thoughts.Their novels... can only become a kind of leisure literature for the common people. , ... and other books belong to this category.Southern satires are different.Most of their authors are literati, often thoughtful and experienced literati.In terms of language, their novels are often not as beautiful and dynamic as northern novels; ... But in terms of ideas and insights, several important novels in the south contain irony, and they can all be regarded as novels about social issues.They can be human and have me. , ... all belong to this category.

This book is called "Heroes of Heroes and Heroes Commentary", which is a novel about commentary.It has the strengths of commentary novels and the disadvantages of commentary novels.The shortcoming lies in the shallowness of thinking, the strong point lies in the sharpness of the tongue and the beauty of the language. Although the author of this book has been an official for several times, he is a pedantic pedant after all, without noble insights and profound experience.He himself said that the main purpose of his book is to write a concept of "doing good and bringing good fortune".

Starting from this pedantic fundamental concept, the content of this book can be imagined.The most despicable and nasty part is the thirty-fifth chapter "Old Man He Shows Omens of Thorns".In the previous round, Mr. An was sleeping soundly in "Chengzi No. 6". An old soldier saw a red light as big as a bowl hanging on the eaves of No. 6; when he walked up to him, he was gone. that lamp.This is already a ridiculous superstition.In the thirty-five chapters, the fellow examiner Lou Yangzheng suddenly saw in a trance in a dream——a faint old man came in from the place where the curtain was moving,...the paper that he had just thrown away after he assigned the crutch said: "... ...among them!" Lou Zhuzheng still refused to believe it, and there was another gust of wind outside the window.This is not good, it is not a dream.Hearing that the limelight had gone by,... an officer with a golden crown and red robe clearly entered from outside the door. ...Just listen to the Shinto say: "... My God's intention to come is also for Chengzi No. 6, among these people!" This kind of writing about "examination results" is common; it is strange to say that in a novel that pretends to be realistic, in the part that actually writes about the system and regulations, this kind of writing makes people feel particularly bad and pedantic. ugly. This book also needs to write the words "heroes and heroines".The author said: Children are nothing more than nature, heroes are nothing more than human feelings.The most pitiful sons and daughters and the most heroic are the dragons and phoenixes among men. He also said: "Nowadays people in the world... mistakenly regard some wrestling and valiant heroes as heroes; ...... Little do they know that only with a heroic nature can one achieve the hearts of children; only with the true love of children can one achieve a heroic cause.For example, people in the world aspire to be loyal ministers, this is a heroic heart; loyal ministers love the king, and loving the king is the heart of a son and daughter.Determined to be a filial son, this is the heart of a hero; a filial son will never fail to love his relatives, and loving his relatives is the heart of a son and daughter. ... This is purely a group of natural principles and human feelings, without the slightest affectation.In simple terms, it is just what heroes and sons and daughters often talk about; if you look closely, it is the identity of the great sage and sage. This is the "opening and clear meaning" of the whole book.However, the author still can't get rid of the common view of "people in the world". The "heroes" he wrote can't get rid of Deng Jiugong and Shisanmei who are "struggling".The "sons and daughters" he wrote can't get rid of the idea of ​​a talented man, a beautiful woman, and a husband who honors his wife.The first half of the book is written about the hero of Thirteen Sisters: He rolled up his sleeves.... He dropped the stone on the flat ground, pushed it around with his right hand, found the closed eye, put two fingers in to hook it, and swung it upwards, and took the two hundred stones. The heavy stone was lifted up with one hand. ... holding a stone in one hand, moving a pair of little feet, went up the steps, raised the curtain with the other hand, stepped into the door, and gently placed the stone under the south wall of the house; turned his head Come on, without panting, without red face, without heartbeat. (fourth time) He also wrote that she was in Nengren Temple: In a short while, a monk who was in charge of the family and a San'er were beaten; a thin monk and a bald monk were hacked;Only then did she look up at the cold moon, let out a long cry, and said, "This is the quickest way to kill!" (Chapter Six) The thirteenth sister here has become a "Superman"! The way "Superman" is written is not harsh in "Fengshen Zhuan" or "Sanbao Eunuch Going to the West" or similar books; but this is a modern story, and the author himself said that he wants to break the "monster, The old-fashioned "power, chaos, and god" should "use the millet cloth in front of you as an article", so why do you still have to include this mythical "superman" writing method? Such a "superman" heroine once said to Zhang Jinfeng in the first half of the book: You and I unfortunately gave birth to a (do?) girl, you can't make a big splash in the world, you have to have a personal taste .If there is a personal taste, beggars and beggars are also heavenly beings; if there is no human taste, let him be a golden boudoir, and he is like a dog.What about Miss?So what about the eldest sister? (eighth chapter) What a beautiful insight!However, after the thirteenth sister of "Superman" gets married, "it has not passed twelve days", she will make such a drinking order: Appreciate famous flowers: Can the famous flowers be as good as the golden flowers? Juzhi wine: Is the purpose wine Qionglin wine? To a beauty: Can a beauty be a wife? (Chapter 30) This "Superman" has fallen too low this time, isn't it?In fact, this is not some "superman" depravity;What kind of "humanity" and "superman" can this Mr. Wenkang talk about?He only dreamed of being rich and prosperous in his poverty and despondency. He dreamed of having students and friends like Wu Kezhai and Deng Jiugong. The woman came to match his dandy son; dreamed of having such a virtuous daughter-in-law to persuade his pussy son to work hard, put golden flowers, go to the banquet in Qionglin, and enter the secret hall of Qing Dynasty! All the thoughts and insights in a novel should be regarded as such: they are all just wishful dreams of a pedantic Eight Banners old bureaucrat in his poverty. As we have said, it is not a satirical novel; but there are many parts in the book that describe social habits. little social history.Just because the author didn't do it intentionally, those parts are more valuable as social historical materials; this kind of self-confessed confession, this kind of unintentional revealing psychology, is the most precious, even more precious than those intentional descriptions. Trying to describe the social habits and psychology of the imperial examination era is intentional irony. The author of the book does not have Wu Jingzi's ideological views; his ideological views are similar to those of Fan Jin and Mr. Gao in Li, so his worship of imperial examinations is also similar to that of Fan Jin and Mr. Gao.The author of the novel is the character in the novel, so the psychology of the novel is also the psychology of attacking satire.However, Wu Jingzi portrayed it intentionally, while Wen Kang revealed it unintentionally. Readers will never forget the cases of Zhou Jin and Fan Jinzhong's juren.Let's take a look at the time when Mr. An was selected as a candidate (chapter thirty-fifth): Mr. An read the [reporting form], and said happily first, "Thank you heaven and earth! Unexpectedly, I, An Xuehai, would expect to have my son today."Holding the report in his hand, he turned around and ran into the house.At this time, the wife and her two daughters-in-law had already driven out of the pawn yard.The wife still held a cigarette pouch in her hand.Seeing his wife being chased out, the master leaned in front of her and said, "Ma'am, look at this kid, it's fine for him to win, but how can he win so high! Ma'am, just read this report." The wife was so happy that she raised her hands. Then, he was holding a cigarette pouch in his hands, and he forgot for a moment, so he handed it to the master.The wonderful thing is that the master was so happy that he forgot, so he took the cigarette pipe, pointed to the words on the newspaper, and read it to his wife, one long and one short. ... What about Mr. An at that time? It turned out that ever since he heard the words "Uncle is in high school", he was stunned for a long time, standing alone in the room, his face was bruised, his hands were cold, his heart was beating wildly, and he was crying there with two streams of tears Woolen cloth. ... Even the girl in their family, the eldest sister, was also thinking about this matter since midnight.As soon as he hit Yinzheng, he got up.In my heart, I vaguely remember that when the master became a Jinshi, the good news came at dawn; but I can't remember that it was really the first day, it was the same day.Therefore, looking forward to dawn from midnight to dawn, but he still couldn't see a letter, so he became anxious and blushed.When I was serving my wife to comb my hair, my wife saw this... hurriedly reached out and touched his head, and said, "It's really hot! You combed my hair and went back to the lower room to lie down quietly. Forget it. Looks like the weather is bad!" He... was stuck in his room because of this, but couldn't sit still, and couldn't sleep well.There is no way, I only took a bed of dominoes, and passed the five levels once left and right, and I wanted to make a divination in my heart as to whether I could take it or not. ... And what about Mr. An's mother-in-law—uncle and wife—? My uncle and wife came chattering all the way from the west ear room, shouting, "What a coincidence there! Such a happy news has come, but I have to go to the toilet at this time! I just took a bath." Drowning, I heard, I was too busy, so I pulled up my trousers, swiped my hands in the cold water basin, and came running. I will see our aunt soon."...he held a cloth towel and Go, talk at one end, wipe your hands at the other end, and enter the door at the same time.It wasn't until I entered the door that I remembered...there is still a master Zhang's family here.Such an open-minded person would make that half-old Qiuniang's face turn red with embarrassment. ... The most enthusiastic and sincere person is Mrs. An's mother-in-law, Mrs. Zhang.At this time, I searched all over the house, but I couldn't find Mrs. Zhang. ... I found three or four latrines up and down, and there was no in-laws or wives. ...The two young mistresses and a group of servants and maidservants searched all the rooms, even the tea room and the Hash room.There is no shortage of anyone or anything, except Mrs. Zhang's family. It turned out that Mrs. Zhang's family went up to Kuixing Tower alone.She - she listened carefully, Kuixing was the one who didn't pass the exams. He was the son-in-law, so he would come to kowtow at the building on the first and fifteenth day of the lunar new year. ...Today in my uncle's and wife's room, I heard that my uncle had really hit the target, so I flew here...Going straight here,...Boldly going up, I want to thank Kuixing for his blessing face to face.Until...Miss He... ran upstairs in three steps and two steps to take a look. Mrs. Zhang was closing her eyes, facing Kuixing, bumping her head against the floor, and chanting "Amitabha". And "Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva for saving suffering and suffering". This long paragraph, the full text is about 5,000 words, is devoted to the psychology of those who write about the An family when they hear that the son of Bao'an is a candidate.Wen Kang never thought of ridiculing Mr. An and Zhang's wife; he just wanted to write an article praising and praising the imperial examination. , A good article that expresses itself naturally. Wen Kang praised the imperial examinations to the utmost, but we only felt that the imperial examinations were terribly poisonous; he sincerely described the admirableness of the imperial examinations, but we read them today and only felt that he left us a big article about the imperial examination system. An excellent confession of the psychology of worshiping wealth and wealth.Therefore, the author we are talking about is exactly the character he wants to portray and describe, and most of the novel can really be called an unconscious novel. It is a commentary, and its special strength lies in its vivid, beautiful, witty, witty and humorous language.The content of this book is very shallow, and its thoughts are very pedantic; however, the vivid language and witty humor can make ordinary readers feel happy and forget the shallow content and pedantic thoughts.Bannermen are the best at talking; there are both before and after, and they are all excellent records, and they are all excellent Beijing language textbooks.The author deliberately imitates the tone of the commentator, and often inserts a lot of "interrupted by the storyteller" words when narrating, which is sometimes annoying, but often has a lot of humorous flavor. The best example is when the fierce monk of Nengren Temple raised his knife to kill Mr. An, suddenly a marble flew over, and the monk squatted down. Who would have thought that his body would squat faster, and the white light would come even faster, with a "pop" sound? , an iron bullet was hitting the left eye.The thing got into the eyes, if you dare not stop, it ran straight to the back of the head, with a thud, and then stopped.Although the fierce monk was fierce, he was also a man of flesh.Getting this thing on the eyeballs of this flesh man was probably worse than rubbing a piece of sand into it. It hurt so much that he let out an "ouch" and fell back with a thud; .At that time, San'er was staring blankly at the young master's chest, wanting to see the sharpness of the knife point this time, when he heard a thud, his master fell down, startled, and said, "What's wrong with you, old man? I made a lot of effort, and I lost my breath. Wait until I free up my hand to help you, old man." Then he turned around, his waist bent, and he wanted to put the copper lathe on the ground so that he could help his master.At this moment, there was another popping sound, and a bullet went in through the hole of his left ear, passed through the bore, and came out from the hole in the right ear, hitting the hall pillar on the east side with a bang. It was drilled an inch deep and embedded in the wood.The third son just yelled "My mother!" Tang threw away a copper turning tool, and Gu Card also nestled there.The water in the copper ladle spilled over a step.The turnip rolled down the steps with a loud clang. (sixth time) Although this method of description is not realistic at all, it is very humorous; this kind of humor is a special kind of humor in northern commentary novels. The twenty-seventh chapter writes that He Yufeng sat alone in the house before she was about to get married, and the more she thought about it, the more depressed she became. —— Can play tricks!For some reason, in the past these two eyebrows were locked together as soon as they were twisted, but now as long as he wants to twist them in the middle, he will stretch the two eyebrows to the two sides by himself.In the past, when his face sank, he became tense, but now he just moved down, and he himself would move up the two crutches.Can't help but smile all over his face, more and more confused. Such elegant descriptions are rare in Chinese novels. Not only the narrative part is like this, but the conversations in this book are beautiful and vivid, which is not easy to do in other novels.The hardest part of a novel is the tone of voice of the characters in the book.It is not acceptable for bureaucrats and beggars to talk about Sima Qian and Ban Gu's ancient prose accents; it is also not acceptable for young ladies and children to talk in a "European" style; A feeling of monotony, and sometimes it makes people feel that this kind of conversation is unnatural and cannot be vivid and realistic.Novel writers have no other way to make the conversations of the characters in their books vivid and beautiful, but to carefully study the tones of various people anytime, anywhere, learn the dialects of people from all over the world, and learn the idioms and idioms in the local dialects. To put it simply, only living dialects can be used for the conversation of characters in novels and dramas; only living dialects can be used for vivid sketching.Therefore, among Chinese novels, only a few novels that use dialects for conversation can be particularly good at talking.Using Shandong dialect, using Beijing dialect, using Suzhou dialect: these are the most successful examples.Beijing dialect is also used, but it was born 120 to 30 years after birth, and the fashion has become more popular. All dialects that Cao Xueqin did not dare to use in his time are dared to use them today.So there are many places in which the conversation is more vivid than that.For example, Mrs. Zhang's family, such as my uncle and wife, their conversations are more vivid than that of Liu Laolao in the movie.Even the eighth daughter-in-law in Nengren Temple, and the two women Mr. An met in Tianqi Temple, their conversations were full of local dialect and full of vitality, which Cao Xueqin dared not or could not write. Let us take as an example the speech of the fat woman in her forties in Tianqi Temple.She said: Where is it?Didn't we just come out of the empress palace with friends?Seeing you looking up at the top of the stele with your chin up, I just wondered what is there on it, and I also raised my chin, looked up at the same time, and walked forward at the same time.Unexpectedly, there was a stray dog ​​crawling across the bottom of his feet, and he made his paws when he asked me to kick him.If it wasn't for the fact that I slipped away and grabbed you, it wasn't for telling him to respect me-oh boy, I must have made a mess of myself.What are you talking about! (chapter thirty-eighth) Another example is in Nengren Temple, the eighth daughter-in-law boasted how well the master treated her, and she said: It's so good to mention other masters! ... Tiantian fat chickens and big ducks, do you want us to match? The woman (the thirteenth sister) said: Don't let us!you! How loud and vivid these four words are! In the twenty-sixth chapter, Zhang Jinfeng persuaded He Yufeng to get married, no matter how unsophisticated the content of the thought, it is indeed a very fluent debate in terms of words.Such lengthy conversations are rare in fiction.Among the characters in the novel, the conversation between Mr. An and Mr. An is the most pedantic and disgusting; however, Mr. An can sometimes say a few funny words.The night he and He Yufeng got married, Ms. He made up her mind not to go to sleep. He - because he was tortured by this bride, thought that if he didn't write a slanted article, he probably wouldn't be able to get into this big lady. The master looked at the eyes, and stood on the ground and said to the girl: "You only rely on these two doors, and you probably don't worry about these two doors today. Sure enough, I have an idea for you, you simply open the door." go out." I don't want this sentence to force the new girl's words out.He raised his head, raised his eyebrows, opened his eyes, and said, "Ah, where did you tell me to go out of this door?" The young master said, "When you get out of this house, you go out of the room, and when you go out of the room, you go out." Exit the gate, exit the gate and exit the gate." The girl became more and more annoyed, and said: "You, wait for me to go out the gate? I was married by my parents-in-law and invited by my sister. Move!" The young master said: "It's not a boom! When you go out of the gate, you go to the Qinglong side in the east, and go to the southeast Sunda land. There is a big yard of my house, and there is a tall earthen platform in the yard. The earthen platform There is a deep eye well." The girl was furious, and said: "Hey! Anlong Media! How can I wait for you on weekdays, thanks to you guys! I have to enter the door today. If you ruin your house, you told me to jump into the well!" said the young master. : "Shao'an, don't worry, let's listen further. There is also a mediocre buried beside the mouth of the well, and there is also a closed hole on the mediocre. You still use your two little fingers to hold the closed hole, and close the hole. It is brought up, and it pushes against these two doors, so you can rest assured to sleep." After hearing this, the girl recalled the past, recalled the old scene, twitched her brows, blushed her cheeks, unconsciously changed from anger to joy, and smiled sweetly. In a word, the biggest advantage of the book lies in the vividness and humor of the speech.For the sake of the linguistic wit of this point, we are willing to gently let go of many prejudices and corruptions in the content of this book. Ji Xiantang is naturally Nian Gengyao's pseudonym.But this book is just a "big character who is big and small" to reflect the hero of the thirteen sisters. Nian Gengyao is just a supporting role that does not appear on stage, and has nothing to do with the author's original intention of writing the book.Mr. Jiang Ruizao said: I mean that Nian's death was due to the slander of his colleagues rather than his crime. The idlers in Yanbei especially vaguely wrote the novel to show it? ("Textual Research on Fiction" page 143) This is the buzzword of the age of the most air-filled.Wenkang is a Confucian of the Eight Banners, and he has absolutely no opinion of avenging Nian Gengyao's grievances.What's more, this book clearly stated that Nian Gengyao had "conspired to commit wrongdoing" (18 chapters). How can it be said that it is a book "explaining" on his behalf? When we read this kind of commentary novel, we must know that it is just a kind of leisure literature, without any trivial words. At most, it is nothing more than a popular belief such as "good fortune, good fortune, evil misfortune". Nian Gengyao is a historical figure.The stories of Thirteen Sisters are all fabricated.Her grandfather's name was He Zhuo: can we believe that she is the granddaughter of He Yimen (Zhuo)?Here, the thirteenth sister's surname is He, and her father's name is He Qi, who is the deputy general of the Chinese army of General Nian.Later in the late Qing Dynasty, someone else compiled a "Nian Ping Xi Ji Shi", also known as "Ping Jinchuan", in which the story of the thirteen sisters was also inserted.But the thirteenth sister doesn't have any surname in that book. Her father's name is Yu Zhou, and he is a governor.This book narrates that after Yuzhou was killed by General Nian, the thirteenth sister took care of her mother and "hidden her name in order to wait for the opportunity to take revenge." Yuzai (Chapter 18 of "Ping Jinchuan").This shows that "Ping Jinchuan" is inherited, and it cannot prove that this story did exist at that time. In December 1925, I made this amends myself during my illness. Volume Six of "Three Collections of Hu Shi's Essays"