Chapter 6 Preface to "Song, Jin and Yuan Renci" edited by Zhao Wanli

Preface to "Song, Jin and Yuan Renci" edited by Zhao Wanli -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ Mr. Zhao Wanli edited the poems of the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, counting 70 poets, and more than 1,500 poems, except for a small part (such as "Jiaxuan Ci" Ding Ji), are Mao Zedong's poems. Not included in collections of engraved words by Jin, Wang Pengyun, Jiang Biao, Zhu Xiaozang, and Wu Changshou.He said in the preface: "The collection of songs from the Song Dynasty began with Changsha's "Hundred Schools of Ci" and ended with the rest of this compilation." This is not a boast, but a very plain estimate.He sorted out so many new historical materials for Song, Jin, and Yuan Ci. We who study the history of literature should express our deep gratitude and respect to him.

The strength of this book lies not only in the abundance of materials, but also in the meticulousness and meticulousness of the method and style.To put it simply, there are these points: First, the method of compiling lost books was used by scholars in the Qing Dynasty in various aspects, and the results were great.But Wang Pengyun and Zhu Xiaozang have never fully tried the collection of words; sometimes they use it occasionally, such as Siyinzhai's "Shu Yu Ji", and they are all simple and not detailed.It was not until Mr. Wan Li that he adopted the method of compiling lost words on a large scale to compile the lost collection of words.The results of his book are ironclad proof that this method is effective.

Second, the sources of lost books must be cited in detail so that people can re-examine the original book, not only for collation of the text, but also for people to judge the authenticity of the quoted text from the reliability of the original book.The official books of the Qing Dynasty, such as "Quan Tang Wen" and "Quan Tang Poems", do not indicate the source, so it is difficult to distinguish the authentic part.For example, for the same edict, the ones from the "Da Tang Zhao Ling Ji" and the "Six Patriarchs Altar Sutra" revised by Qi Song are naturally not the same in their degree of reliability; historical data.Each word in Mr. Wan Li's book indicates the original book he quoted, often six or seven sources are indicated under a word, and sometimes twelve or three sources are listed, and the number of volumes is indicated for each book.This kind of spirit of not avoiding troubles and details is the most respectable and useful.

Third, the sources of the lost books are different, and there are often similarities and differences in the writing.In Mr. Wan Li's book, the different texts of each poem are annotated one by one. This is a common method for proofreading books, and this method is most useful in literary historical materials, because in literary works, it is not easy to deliberate on a single word. let go.That is to say, the first half of the first poem in this book—Song Qi's "Good Things Are Near"—in each book: Sleeping on the jade screen, blowing away the chaotic red and still falling.The weather is suddenly light and warm, lined with agarwood curtain foil.

"Yangchun Baixue" only changed four words, and it was completely different: Sleeping on the jade screen, the oriole is still red when it goes away.The weather is suddenly warm and light, and the lining is thin with agarwood. From the point of view of the text, "Yangchun Baixue" is far better than the others.In this kind of place, although many copies are similar, the uniqueness of a single copy should not be erased.This is the rareness of the different texts. Fourth, all suspicious words in this book are listed as appendices, and the test is done in detail, and the skill is the most diligent.Let's take "Shu Yu Ci" as an example. The loss of "Shu Yu Ci" is a great pity in the history of literature, so when later generations recall the literary talent of Lay Yi An, they often search and learn from others, always thinking that the more the better.Wang Pengyun said: "Auspicious light and feathers, although they seem to be in the world, are also precious." In fact, the most important thing in compiling lost books is to preserve the truth, not to seek more.Mr. Wan Li recompiled "Shu Yu Ci", and only forty-three poems were collected, and the remaining seventeen poems were included in the appendix.What he has collected, there may be one or two poems that can be deleted; but there is absolutely no doubt about what he has deleted.

Fifth, Wang and Zhu Ke did not add sentences to read. This book adopts the examples of the predecessors' lyric scores, uses dots to express amusements, and uses circles to express rhymes, which can add a lot of convenience and save a lot of energy for readers. The contribution of this book has been briefly mentioned above, but there are also one or two points that can be discussed in this book.Except for a very few, most of the lyricists included in this book are unknown to ordinary readers.Since Mr. Wan Li has done such a big job of compiling, he must have received a lot of biographical materials. If he can write a short biography for each poet, so that we can know a little about the facts of each poet's life, we will be a teacher. If the origin of friends, the relationship between the times, and the editions of other works written by each of them are lost, it will increase the value of this book in the history of literature.

There is one more point that can be discussed.Where is the boundary between words and music?This question is really not easy to answer.Some of the lyrics collected by Mr. Wan Li are collected from various Yuefu anthologies by Yuan people, such as "Taiping Yuefu" and "Yangchun Baixue".Since "Black Painted Crossbow" can be collected, why can't "Qingjiang Yin", "Playing with Children" and so on?Mr. Zhu Xiaozang can accept Daqu by Shi Hao, and Mr. Wan Li can also accept "Shang Tiao Butterfly Love Flower" by Zhao Lingjuan. Why can't he accept sets from Jin and Yuanren?Since Liu Minzhong and Lu Shuzhai can be accepted, why not Guan Suanzhai, Ma Dongli, etc.?In the history of literary evolution, the word is the song of the previous era, and the song is the word of the next era, there is no difference at all.Both Shanshan and Shaoyou have composed vulgar tunes; what kind of difference does Chao Yuanli's "Xianzhai Qinqu" in this book, Cao Zu's haiku, and Jin and Yuan tunes have?Mr. Wan Li is proficient in the study of edition catalogs. He has seen a lot of books. Why not go a step further and break the boundary between lyrics and music, and use the same method of compiling and collation of Jin and Yuan people's music to synthesize a "Jin, Song and Yuan People Yuefu General What about "Collection"?This is a little private wish of mine. I wonder if Mr. Wan Li is interested in this?

May 4, 1931 "Recent Works on Hu Shi's Studies" Volume 5, Volume 1