Chapter 20 Intervention and Permission (October 2, 1902)

Ancient and modern rhetoric practitioners are nothing more than two major doctrines: one is interference, and the other is laissez-faire.Interventionists say that power should be centralized at the center, and everything should be supervised and encouraged by the government, and the emphasis is on order; laissez-faire is that power should be decentralized to individuals, and everything should be left to the people to choose. Self-government, self-improvement, the most important thing is freedom.The scholars of these two schools are what they are, and they are not what they are not.The history of Europe and the West for thousands of years is nothing more than the success or failure of these two doctrines. This is true in the political field, as well as in the livelihood field.In general, the history of the Middle Ages was the era of pure interventionism; the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were the era of competition between laissez-faire and interventionism; the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century were the era of complete victory of laissez-faire; The era of competition between interventionism and laissez-faire; in the twentieth century, it will be an era of complete victory for interventionism.

Please speak to the political world.In the history of the Middle Ages, there was no such thing as political freedom.And the city government in southern Europe flourished, and the wind of independence and self-government rose slightly. Later, Hobbes and Luke gradually advocated the theory of civil agreement, but Huo still advocated the monarchy.And Rousseau was popular, so he spared no effort to attack the interventionists, and the whole world responded to it, which turned into the situation of the nineteenth century.Modern Confucians such as John Miller and Spencer still regard interventionism as the enemy of evolution.And Bolun Zhili's theory of national power, which also originated at the time when laissez-faire was at its peak, has been replaced in a few decades.In the past it was said that the country depends on the people for its existence and would rather sacrifice the interests of millions for the people;From now on, imperialism has become more and more popular, and it has been decisive.Imperialist, another name for interventionism.

Please speak to the livelihood sector.In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Mercantile School was prevalent, and the so-called Koba political strategists were invincible throughout Europe, and all countries followed suit. This is the pinnacle of interventionism.And the rise of the Physiocrats in the 18th century, whose theories were based on the same source as Rousseau's theory of natural human rights; when Smyardin came out, he adopted a liberal policy, developed and expanded it; It is the base of laissez-faire theory; and the trend of free competition and even mergers are prevalent.The rich get richer and the poor get poorer, so the so-called socialists came out to replace them.Socialists, if their appearance is pure laissez-faire, their inner essence is that of interference. They will be used by the crowd as a machine, and there is a switchboard to turn it with a knot, and seek equality in inequality.It is also clear that socialism will surely flourish in the twentieth century.Hence the saying: The twentieth century was an era in which interventionism prevailed.

But which of these two advocates is true and which is not?Which is better and which is worse?Said, all are also, each according to its place, each according to its time, and its use is different; if it is used and suitable for the time and place, it will be superior, otherwise it will be inferior.Said: In today's China, what should we choose between these two advocates?Said: Today's China's evils are letting go of those who should interfere, and interfering with those who should let go.Seven out of ten interventionists and three out of ten laissez-faire should be used to rule China today by stealing plans. To some extent, it is impossible to describe it in a few words.