Chapter 6 The Difference Between the Three Realms of Wen and Wild (September 15, 1899)

Scholars in Europe and the West divide the human beings in the world into three levels: one is called barbaric people, the other is called half-open people, and the third is called civilized people.Its meaning in "Spring and Autumn", it is said that according to the troubled times, the peaceful times, and the peaceful times.Everyone has a class, which rises in order. This axiom of evolution is recognized by the people of the world.Some of the rules and facts cannot be excused, and they are briefly listed as follows: First, living in an impermanent place, eating impermanent goods; forming groups for convenience, and dispersing when the benefits are exhausted; although they can fish for food and clothing, they do not know the use of equipment; although they have writing, they do not know knowledge; they are often afraid of natural disasters, Ji Tianxing, sit and wait for accidental misfortunes and blessings; rely on the grace and power of man-made, and cannot take its sovereignty over oneself.If so, they are called savages.

Second, the agriculture is flourishing, and the food and clothing are abundant; the establishment of a country and the establishment of a capital, although it has become a country from the outside, but from the inside, there are many incomplete ones; although the literature is prosperous, there are few pragmatic scholars; Also, although the heart of suspicion is deep, when it comes to talking about the principles of things, you can't ask questions to seek the truth; although the fine workmanship of imitation is skillful, but the ability to create is very lacking, you know how to repair the old but don't know how to change the old; although there are rules in communication , and the so-called rules are all formed by habit.If so, it is called a half-opened person.

Thirdly, to limit all kinds of things in the world within the rules, and use oneself to enter the middle to mold them; its atmosphere changes at any time, without being addicted to old customs; it can govern itself without relying on the grace and power of others; Self-cultivation of virtue, self-development of wisdom, not limited by the past, not self-painted by the present; uneasy about small achievements, but always planning for future great achievements, there is progress and no retreat, there is promotion but not decline, the way of learning is not empty talk, And to create new laws is the most important thing; the business of industry and commerce should be expanded day by day, so that everyone can enter into happiness.If so, they are called civilized people.

When discussing the division of literary and amateur classes in the world, this can roughly be used as a fixed point.Looking back at the national test in our country, how does my country rank among these three?You can be happy! The governance and chaos of a country are often compared with the degree of civil and non-governmental affairs, and the distinction between civil and non-political subjects is always determined by all the people in the country, and cannot be seized by one or two people under the pretense.Therefore, Western Confucianism says: The political affairs of a country can be compared to the cold and heat; the customs of the people can be compared to the air.The air is dry, humid, cold and hot, and the watch rises and falls accordingly, and there is no excuse for it.Therefore, if the people's wisdom, people's power, and people's morality are not advanced, even if they have a heroic and benevolent monarch, they will do good governance for a while, but they will be swept away by time.If the watch is immersed in boiling water, although it may rise suddenly, and the water is cooled, the temperature inside the watch will still drop to the same temperature as the air.This is a superficial principle, but a definite example.Therefore, those who are good at governing the country must first improve their people, not Montesquieu (French, who wrote the book "The Essence of Ten Thousand Laws", talking about the gains and losses of the three regimes of monarchy, democracy, and monarchy and common governance), Rousseau (French People, who wrote "Theory of the Civil Contract", saying that the country is formed by civil contracts), France would not be able to succeed in the revolution; without the disciples of Adam Smith (British, the originator of Zisheng), then The United Kingdom cannot implement a policy of equal taxation, so it is said: the ability of a hero is to create the current situation.