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Collected Works of Liang Qichao · Feelings

Collected Works of Liang Qichao · Feelings

梁启超

  • Essays

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  • 1970-01-01Published
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Chapter 1 Preface to the Bibliography of Western Studies (1896)

Liang Qichao said: I can't bear to talk about Western learning.Liang Zuolin said: Ziri talks about Western learning to others, why can't he bear to talk about Western learning?Liang Qichao said: Today, it is not the trouble of Western learning that is not flourishing, but the trouble of middle schools that are about to perish.The trend is gradually opening up, and the atmosphere of the enemy is gradually increasing. I know that Western learning is urgent, and I will promote it;It is the law of heaven that keeping the old is no match for the new.The transmutation of animals and plants, the migration of non-Mexico states, of course.Chinese vulgar Confucianism, although the theory of confinement to ruins and absurdity, is firm and fierce, it has changed a little since the time of Fa Yue, and it has changed a lot since China and Japan.Inferring from this, after ten or twenty years, it is hopeful that there will be survivors.Although, in the old school of China, there is still a gangrene attached to the bone. It is very easy to treat the gangrene, but it is difficult to cure the bone.I have seen Western scholars who are talking about it today, relying on their words, their obedience, their actions, their arguments, and their actions: China's weakness is due to poor teaching and useless scriptures.Pushing its meaning, I wanted to raise Chinese characters, but I burned them all.And ask him about the subtleties of Western learning, is there anything he can gain?Nothing.Ask him whether he has gained something from the bottom line of Western politics, prosperity and strength?Nothing.The people at the top can be compradors of foreign firms, and those at the bottom can be slaves with knowledge, that's all.There are even more rogue students, who care about Chinese practical learning and know nothing, but use Western learning to be arrogant, and say loudly: I will not do this useless learning, and I must not do it.However, Greek, Latin (Greek, Latin), English, and French are not catchy, and the studies of sound, light, chemistry, and electricity are not in the eye. Ethos, picking up influence, oppressing people, seeking food and clothing.Gai Yanxi scholars, among ten people, these two kinds of people account for almost five out of ten.If you don't think about remedial measures, the number of scholars will increase day by day, and the number of such things will increase day by day. After ten years, it will be sixty-seven out of ten, and after twenty years, it will be eighteen or ninety-nine.Woohoo, how many people will not die!

Although, there is a reason why middle schools are not self-reliant.During the period between the Han and Han Dynasties, Confucianists learned the classics, and they all used the classics to manage the world, use "Yu Gong" to guide water, use "Hong Fan" to monitor changes, use "Spring and Autumn" to break prisons, and use "Poems" 350 pieces as a book of advice.Covering the texts of the Six Classics, there is not a word that cannot be used, which is why teaching is prosperous.Today's so-called Confucianism is nothing more than stereotyped essays, test posts, laws and prose, and regular script. If you don't take it from the top, don't take it, and don't learn it from the bottom.Those who get it, although they don't know the eight stars, don't know the five continents, haven't graduated from the Six Classics, and don't know the names of the history, but they pretend to be Confucianism, Confucianism.From the Son of Heaven above, to the market thugs below, he respectfully said: Confucianism is also Confucianism.And the above ones, note insects and fish, criticize and wipe Fengyue, spin Jia, Ma, Xu, and Zheng under the crotch, and chew the saliva of Han, Su, Li, and Du.Even more, it is better to restrain yourself, follow the trend of Yu and Shun, develop the false theory of sincerity and righteousness, and suppress the deceptive theory of Yi respecting the king.Although there are many dropouts, there are only three of them, and they have lasted for more than a thousand years. Each one gets worse, and you don't notice it when you learn it. You think it's the way of a sage, that's all.It is true that Chinese learning, its fall and disappearance, is not what it is today; although there is no Western learning to take advantage of it, it has survived in name but in reality, and it has been covered for a long time.In contrast, whether it is useful or not, you should see it immediately;However, this generation has nothing to learn without this, and there is no way to survive without this way.Alas!How can it be said?How can it be said?

The small words and great meanings of the Six Classics of today's husband are far more than those of the patriarchal style among them.If there is little food for the living, if there is little food for the sick, the skills of financial management are exhausted; if the people are sufficient, who is the king and who is not enough, the strategy for enriching the country is prepared; The benefits are cleared up; travel and travel are all based on its foundation, and the road is clear; it is easy to do things, envy makes up for the lack, and business is prosperous; it is used in the four directions, and it does not disgrace the king's life. It is called a scholar, and the study of public law is done; Not teaching civil war means abandoning it, and the original principles of military science are established; the people of the country are all called sages, and the people of the country say it is impossible, and the House of Representatives has been completed. (The above is only proved in the four books, and only one of each case is cited, and the details are given in the special book.) Another example is the meaning of "Spring and Autumn". What are you waiting for? (Ancient Egypt, Greece, and modern Japan all had the disadvantage of dividing the number of people. All countries with a House of Lords are unavoidable. It is also true that the House of Lords leads the family to occupy it. Britain has not yet been reformed, especially in Russia.) Disease To destroy the country, to attack with fire and fire, but without righteous warfare, what do you think of the Westerners who manage soldiers and repair weapons, and fight for cities and land?It is even more difficult to do everything from the rest.Husband said that the system of scholars without world officials, the peaceful meeting of all nations, what the Westerners are pursuing today but have not achieved, but my sage developed it thousands of years ago, and his profound understanding, why is it so?However, the ultimate goodness of Confucianism and the application of the Six Classics are not my own words to describe its teachings.What not to do is to abandon its inherent practical learning, and embrace the vulgarity of postings, textual research, and poems, saying that I have exhausted my Chinese learning, so that I can meet that new Chinese learning, and I will be safe and not weak.

But what?Said: Reading the scriptures, reading sons, and reading history are three things that are necessary to form each other, and one is indispensable. I invite linguists to learn from the classics.First, you should know that Confucius is the leader; second, you should know that the six classics are all written by Confucius; third, you should know that there was an old religion before Confucius (such as the Brahmans before Buddha); All studies are based on preaching; six should know that after the Qin and Han Dynasties, they all practiced Xunqing's learning, which is the evil school of Confucianism; The scriptures were forged by Liu Xin; ninth, you should know that the fake scriptures are often collected from the old teachings; tenth, you should know that since the fake scriptures came out, Confucians did not treat Confucius as the leader; Yu Liu Xin; on the twelfth, you should know that Song learning is at the end of the day, and you should be good at yourself, and you have the meaning of being a good Confucius and being good at the world.

Please speak and read.One should know that there are two schools of thought in the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, one is called Confucianism and the other is non-Confucianism; secondly, one should know that the non-Confucianists all want to reform and create religion; thirdly, one should know that the schools of non-Confucianists are all based on the Six Classics; Fourth, you should know that Laozi and Mozi are the two major sects; fifth, you should know that many of the Zhou and Qin scholars can teach Western learning; The Six Arts of Biaozhang, dismissing hundreds of schools; the eighth should know that after the Han Dynasty, there will be no sub-books; the ninth should know that although the hundred schools of thought were deposed after the Han Dynasty, the learning of Lao and Yang has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and it has been poisoned by it for two thousand years; the tenth should be known that the learning of Mozi should be revived .

Please talk about history.First, you should know that Tai Shigong is the direct line of Confucianism; second, you should know what is the system of Confucianism and what is not the system of Confucianism in the political history of two thousand years; , It is contrary to the righteousness of Confucius and Mencius; Four should know that after three generations, the power of the monarchy has become more and more respected, and the power of the people has gradually declined, which is the root cause of China's weakening. None of them were carefully judged by their princes and ministers, but following the teachings of the previous generations, and the previous generations followed the shortcomings of the previous generations, and intensified, the future generations will not be as good as the previous generations; Sixth, we should know that there are many things in our dynasty’s system that are superior to those of the previous generation; Seventh, we should know When reading history, politics is the most important thing, followed by vulgarity, and affairs are the least important; you should know that those who judge history in later generations are the most unreasonable.

The above meanings are roughly summarized, and if they are organized, they should be discussed exclusively.To sum it up, if we talk about Chinese scholars without Western learning, their Chinese learning must be useless; if we talk about Western scholars without Chinese learning, their Western learning must be useless.Useless and without foundation, neither is sufficient to govern the world. Although itching is like a forest, and every meeting is like a crucian carp, it is suitable for a beetle country, but there is no salvation.Today, the Four Yis invaded, and China is in a small state. There are tens of millions of races, and there are slaves; three thousand years of religion, there is the fear of falling to the ground.Life and death are endless, in this few years, if scholars don't take it upon themselves, they will overthrow and kill, would they rather be lucky?Zeng Zi said: "Scholars can't be resolute. The responsibilities are heavy and the road is long. Ren takes it as his own responsibility. Isn't it too heavy? After death, isn't it too far away?" It is in our party.

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