Chapter 54 heavy sense of old

——Recalling the end of the Guangxu Dynasty in 1933 I would like to praise some people from the past. I am afraid this is not "the obsession of bones" [2]. The so-called people from the past refer to the so-called "New Party" [3] in the last years of Guangxu. In the early years of the Republic of China, they were called "Old New Party".They were defeated in the Sino-Japanese War[4], and they thought they were enlightened, so they wanted to "reform". Even middle-aged people in their thirties and forties also read "Xuesuanbitan"[5] and "Chemical Jianyuan"[6]; I still have to learn English and Japanese, with a stiff tongue, reciting in a strange voice, without shame on others, the purpose is to read "foreign books", and the reason for reading foreign books is to show China "prosperity and prosperity", On the old bookstalls now, "Fuqiang Series" [7] occasionally appears, just like the current "Descriptive Dictionary" and "Basic English", which came into being at that time.Even Zhang Zhidong, who was born in stereotyped writing, [8] tried his best to add various translations to the "Bibliography and Answers" written by Miao Quan's grandson, which shows the intensity of this "reformation" trend.

But now it's a different phenomenon.Some new youths are in the opposite situation to the "old and new party". They have never been infected with stereotypes. They come from schools and are not experts in Chinese studies. However, they have learned seal characters and filled in words. I advise people to read " "Anthology of Works" [9], the envelopes also have self-engraved printing plates, and new poems are also written in squares. Apart from the hobby of writing new poems, they are just like the elegant people in the early years of Guangxu. The only difference is that they lack braids and sometimes wear Just wear foreign clothes.Recently, there is a common saying that "old wine cannot hold new wine" [10].This is actually not true.An old bottle can contain new wine, and a new bottle can also contain old wine. If you don’t believe me, try swapping a bottle of Wujiapi with a bottle of brandy. Wujiapi is still Wujiapi in a brandy bottle.This kind of simple experiment not only expresses the style of "five shifts" and "saving crosses" [11], but also can incorporate new content, and it also proves that "Tongcheng" can be ambushed in the body of the new-style youth. Fallen species" or "choose to learn evildoers" [12].

Although the knowledge of the "old and new parties" is shallow, they have one purpose: to seek prosperity.So they are resolute and practical; learning foreign dialects is strange, but there is one purpose: to seek prosperity.So they are serious and enthusiastic.When the theory of Manchuria was spread, many people became revolutionary parties, but because they wanted to make China prosperous and strong, they thought that this matter must start with Manchurianism. It has been a success for a long time, and May Fourth has already passed, so seal characters, Ci, "Wen Xuan", ancient envelopes, square new poems, and now we have a new attempt to stand between heaven and earth with "quaint elegance".If it can gain a foothold, it will add a new rule to the "struggle for survival".

October 1st. [1] This article was originally published in "Shenbao Free Talk" on October 6, 1933. It was titled "Feeling the Old" and had no subtitle. [2] "The Obsession with Bones" On November 12, 1921, Si Ti (Ye Shengtao) published an article "The Obsession with Bones" in the nineteenth issue of "Current Affairs News·Literature Xunkan", criticizing some People who advocate vernacular literature sometimes still write classical Chinese and old poems. Later, this sentence is often quoted as a derogatory term to describe the old-fashioned people who cannot forget the past. 〔3〕"New Party" People who advocated or tended to reform before and after the Reform Movement of 1898 in the late Qing Dynasty were called the New Party; before and after the Revolution of 1911, there were revolutionaries who advocated the complete overthrow of the Qing Dynasty, so the former was called the Old New Party.

〔4〕The Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1894 (the Sino-Japanese War) when Japan invaded Korea and provoked China.Although the Chinese army fought bravely, they failed because of the wavering and compromise of the Qing government. The following year, they signed the "Treaty of Shimonoseki" with Japan, which was humiliating and humiliating. 〔5〕The twelve volumes of "Xuesuanbitan", written by Hua Hengfang, was included in his mathematics series "Xingsuxuan Suangan" in 1882 (the eighth year of Guangxu), and it was engraved in a separate edition in 1885. 〔6〕 "Chemical Jianyuan" in six volumes, written by Wei Ersi in the United Kingdom, interpreted by Fryer in the United Kingdom, and written by Xu Shou in Wuxi.Published by the Translation Office of Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau.

〔7〕 "Fuqiang Series" During the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty, a class of reading materials such as "Fuqiang Series" appeared.For example, in 1896 (the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), the "Western Learning Fuqiang Series" was edited by Zhang Yinhuan and lithographically printed by Hongwen Bookstore. [8] Zhang Zhidong (1837-1909), courtesy name Xiaoda, was born in Nanpi, Zhili (now part of Hebei), a Jinshi during the Tongzhi period, and one of the bureaucrats who advocated the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty.He once served as Sichuan Xuezheng, Governor of Huguang, and Minister of Military Aircraft. "Bibliography and Answers" was edited by him when he was serving as Sichuan Xuezheng in 1875 (the first year of Guangxu).There are many kinds of "Western" mathematics books such as "New Calculation Book" and "New Translated Geometry Elements".Miao Quansun (1844-1919), courtesy name Xiaoshan, was born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu, a bibliophile and edition scholar in the Qing Dynasty.

[9] It was written by Zhuang Zhou during the Warring States period, and there are thirty-three extant chapters, also known as "Nanhua Jing". "Selected Works", edited by Xiao Tong, Prince Zhaoming of Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty, contains poems and essays from the Qin and Han Dynasties to Qi and Liang Dynasties. It has 30 volumes and is the earliest extant collection of poems and essays in my country.Li Shan in the Tang Dynasty wrote notes for it, which is divided into sixty volumes. [10] "Old bottles cannot hold new wine" This is a popular European proverb, originally from the ninth chapter of the Christian "New Testament - Matthew", Jesus said: "No one puts new wine in old wineskins. ;If this is the case, the wineskin will burst, the wine will leak out, and even the wineskin will be broken. As long as you put new wine in a new wineskin, both will be preserved." After the rise of the "May 4th" New Literature Movement, vernacular Literary people think that classical Chinese and old forms cannot express new content, and often use this saying as a metaphor.

[11] "Wu Geng Tune" is also known as "Sigh Wu Geng", the name of a folk tune.Generally, there are five stacks, and each stack has ten sentences and forty-eight characters, which have been seen in Tang Dunhuang tunes. "Saan cross", the name of a folk tune, each cross is roughly arranged in threes, threes and fours. [12] "Tongcheng absurd species" and "Xuanxue evildoer" were originally the words of Qian Xuantong in the early days of the "May 4th" New Literature Movement attacking the old-school literati who imitated the ancient prose of the Tongcheng school or the parallel prose selected in "Wen Xuan", see "New Youth" Volume 3, No. 5 (July 1917), in his letter to Chen Duxiu, used to become a popular expression against old literature at that time.The Tongcheng school is one of the schools of ancient prose in the Qing Dynasty. The main writers are Fang Bao, Liu Daye, Yao Nai, etc., all of whom were from Tongcheng, Anhui.