Chapter 43 I talk about "fallen people"

Vietnamese In "Free Talk" on June 29, Mr. Tang Huan[2] once talked about the fallen people in eastern Zhejiang, and according to the "Fallen People's Talk"[3], he thought it was Song general Jiao Guangzan. The subordinates were despised by the people of the time because of the conferring of gold, and even Taizu of the Ming Dynasty[4] listed his family as "beggar households". After that, they lived in misery and under the environment of contempt. I was born in Shaoxing. Fallen people were common people when I was young. I also heard the same reason why they became fallen people from the mouth of my elders.But then I got suspicious.Because I think, even if Taizu of the Ming Dynasty refused to be presumptuous[5] towards the Yuan Dynasty, he would never take care of the Song generals who surrendered gold from another dynasty; Lehu”[6], so their ancestors may have been loyal ministers[7] who resisted Hongwu and Emperor Yongle in the early Ming Dynasty.There is another layer: the descendants of good people will endure hardships, but the descendants of traitors may not become degenerates. To give a recent example, the descendants of Yue Fei[8] are still guarding the tomb of King Yue in Hangzhou, but they live a very happy life. A poor and miserable life, but what about the descendants of Qin Hui, Yan Song[9]...? ...

But I don't want to turn over such old accounts now.I just want to say that the degenerate people in Shaoxing are a kind of slaves who have already been liberated. This liberation may not have happened until the Yongzheng period[10].So they already have other occupations, which are naturally cheap.The men collect second-hand goods, sell chicken feathers, catch frogs, and perform plays; the women go to the home of what she considers their master to congratulate each new year and festival, and help out when there are celebrations. There are still slaves here, but After finishing the work and leaving, and there are a lot of rewards, it can be seen that he has been liberated.

Every family of fallen people has a definite host, and they cannot go casually; when the mother-in-law dies, the daughter-in-law is passed on to the offspring, just like an inheritance; they must be very poor, and sell the right to move to others, Only then did the relationship with the old master be severed.If you tell her not to come for no reason, it is tantamount to giving her a serious insult.I still remember that after the Revolution of the Republic of China, my mother once said to a woman who had fallen into poverty, "We will all be the same in the future, so you don't have to come." Unexpectedly, her face changed suddenly, and she replied angrily: "What are you talking about? Words?... We are thousands of years old, we must go on!"

Just for a little reward, not only to be content with being a slave, but also to be a wider range of slaves, and to have to pay for the right to be a slave, which is beyond the imagination of free people other than fallen people. July 3rd. [1] This article was originally published in "Shen Shen Free Talk" on July 6, 1933. 〔2〕Tang Juan, a native of Zhenhai, Zhejiang, is a writer.He is the author of a collection of essays "Tui Bei Ji", "Short and Long Books" and so on.On June 29, 1933, he published the article "Degenerate Citizens" in "Shenbao Free Talk", in which he wrote "The descendants of those who humiliate the country are degenerate citizens, if traitors who betray the country have descendants, at least they will be It’s a kind of fallen people.”

〔3〕 "Falling People's Obscenity Talk" should be called "Falling People's Obscenity", the author is unknown.In the "Yin County Chronicles" compiled by Qian Daxin in the Qing Dynasty, the record about the fallen people was quoted in the book: "The fallen people are called beggar households... It is said that they are the remnants of Song criminal prisoners, so they are discarded. The beggar said to himself Zeyun Song general Jiao Guang praised the tribe, and he was reprimanded for betraying the Song Dynasty and investing in gold.... People in the Yuan Dynasty were called Qilianhu, Ming Taizu established their household registration, and Bian Qimen was called a beggar.... Men catch frogs and sell glutinous rice... Fighting ghosts in Lidong, grimaces with flowered hats, bell and drum dramas, all kinds of things you need. His women wear their hair in a bun for others, shave their facial hair, practice matchmaking, accompany newlyweds from good families, and comb their hair to make them look like scorpions.” (Volume 1 "Customs")

[4] Ming Taizu is Zhu Yuanzhang (1328-1398), a native of Zhongli, Haozhou (now Fengyang, Anhui), one of the leaders of the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.In 1368, the rule of the Yuan Dynasty was overthrown, the Ming Dynasty was established, the Yuan was changed to Hongwu, and the temple name was Taizu. 〔5〕Ming Taizu was still unwilling to presumptuously deal with the Yuan Dynasty. The early Ming Dynasty made great efforts to implement the policy of suppressing and appeasing the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty. (now Hexigten Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), captured Libala, the son of the Yuan Emperor, alive.In June, the bought Libala came to the capital, and the ministers asked to "offer captives", but Ming Taizu refused, and granted the bought Libala the title of Marquis of Chongli.At the same time, because Li Wenzhong's success was too boastful, he said to the prime minister: "Yuan ruled China for a hundred years, and my parents, such as Qing, depended on his birth. Why should I change my frivolous words?" The purchased Libala was returned; in April of the eleventh year, Yuanzhu Aiyou Shili Dala died, and Ming Taizu sent envoys to offer sacrifices in June.What Lu Xun said about Taizu's "refusing to be presumptuous" towards the Yuan Dynasty probably refers to such things.

〔6〕 "Jiaofang" refers to an organization in charge of coaching women's music established in the Tang Dynasty. "Lehu", the wife and daughter of sinners in the feudal era who were included in the music register, its name was first seen in "Wei Shu·Punishment Records". Both are actually official prostitutes, and they were not abolished until the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty. [7] The loyal ministers and righteous men who rebelled against Emperor Yongle included Jing Qing, Tie Xian, Fang Xiaoru and others.After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, he was succeeded by the emperor's grandson Zhu Yunba, who became Emperor Jianwen; soon after, his uncle Zhu Di, the king of Yan, raised troops to seize the throne and became Emperor Yongle.At that time, Jing Qing and others were loyal to Jianwen and rebelled against Yongle. Most of their wives, children and clan members were killed or degraded as slaves (but there is no clear record of degrading them).The loyal ministers and righteous men who resisted Hongwu (Ming Taizu) are unknown. [8] Yue Fei (1103-1142), styled Pengju, was born in Tangyin (now part of Henan), Xiangzhou, and was a famous general in the Southern Song Dynasty.He was killed by the surrendering factions Song Gaozong and Qin Hui for insisting on fighting against the Jin soldiers.After Yue Fei was murdered, he was secretly buried in the desert outside Qiantang Gate in Hangzhou at the beginning, and was reburied on the northwest bank of West Lake in Hangzhou during Song Xiaozong's reign.

[9] Qin Hui (1090-1155), courtesy name Huizhi, was born in Jiangning (now Nanjing). He was a prime minister during Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty.Yan Song (1480-1567), with only middle characters, is very pleasant in Jiangxi.Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty was an official to the prince and grand master, and he was a power traitor who harmed the country and the people. 〔10〕According to Jiang Liangqi's "Donghualu" in the Qing Dynasty: In September of the first year of Yongzheng (1723), "the people who fell into beggars in Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province were removed."