Chapter 9 Rogue's Change

Kong Mo was dissatisfied with the status quo, and wanted to reform, but the first step was to persuade the Lord, and the guy used to subdue the Lord was "Heaven" [2].The disciples of Confucius are Confucianists, and the disciples of Mozi are chivalrous [3]. "Confucianism is soft" [4], of course it will not be dangerous.Weixia is honest, so Mohists are at the bottom of their ranks, as for "death" [5] as the ultimate goal.In the end, the honest ones died out gradually, and only the clever heroes were left behind. The heroes of the Han Dynasty were given as gifts to princes and dignitaries,[6] to be used as talismans in times of crisis.

Sima Qian said: "Confucianism uses literature to disrupt the law, while chivalry uses martial arts to violate the ban" (7). [8] Those who are here. The word "Xia" gradually disappeared, and bandits started, but they were also like Xia, and their banner was "Walking justice for the sky".What they opposed were treacherous officials, not the emperor, and what they robbed were civilians, not generals.When Li Kui robbed the court [9], he swung his axe and chopped off the first ones, but the ones he chopped were spectators.A piece of "Water Margin" makes it very clear: because they do not oppose the emperor, as soon as the army arrives, they are recruited to fight other robbers for the country—the robbers who do not "do justice for the sky" [10].Finally a minion.

Manchuria entered the customs, and China was gradually subdued. Even those with "chivalry spirit" did not dare to steal their hearts again, did not dare to criticize treacherous officials, and did not dare to directly serve the emperor, so they asked a good official or imperial envoy to protect him. It seems that to catch robbers for him, a "Shi Gong Case" [11] is also very clear, and there are "Peng Gong Case" [12], [13] and the like, which have not been exhausted so far.Their backgrounds are clean, and there is no harm even before. Although they are under the imperial envoys, they are above the common people. On the one hand, they must obey orders, but on the other hand, they can still be strong. The degree of security has increased, and their servility has also increased. .

However, officers and soldiers will beat you up for thieves, and you will be beaten by robbers when you catch thieves. It is not appropriate for knights who want to be very safe, so there are hooligans.He comes to beat monks for drinking, arrests men and women for adultery, insults private prostitutes and traffickers in order to maintain their morals; He came to hate the reformers in order to cherish order.But behind him was the traditional backer, and the opponents were not powerful enemies, so he ran amok in the meantime.The current novels have not yet written such a typical book, but Zhang Qiugu in "The Nine-Tailed Turtle" [14] thinks that he suffers for the prostitute because she wants to rip people off, so he punishes it and so on. The narrative, about a little closer.

If the status quo goes down, this class of people will probably become the protagonists in literature and art books. I am waiting for the latest work of "revolutionary writer" Zhang Ziping (15) "Shi". BB [1] This article was originally published in the first issue of the first volume of the Shanghai "Sprout Monthly" on January 1, 1930. [2] "Heaven" refers to the so-called "mandate of heaven" and "will of heaven" in the writings of Confucianism and Mohism.For example, "The Analects of Confucius Ji Shi": "A gentleman has three fears: fear of the destiny, fear of adults, and fear of the words of sages." Don't hate each other, if you meet a thief, you will be punished."

[3] Mozi (approximately 468-376 BC), named Zhai, was a native of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the founder of the Mohist School.His words and deeds were compiled into the book "Mozi" by his disciples and later scholars.Most of Mozi's disciples are martial arts.After his death, his school of thought split up, and the orthodox school represented by Song Ying and Xu Xing evolved into a ranger in the Qin and Han Dynasties. 〔4〕"Confucians are gentle" See Xu Shen's "Shuowen Jiezi": "Confucianists are soft, called warlocks."

[5] "Death" refers to the so-called chivalrous spirit popular among rangers that "one must believe in one's words, one must follow through on one's deeds, one must be true to one's promises, and one does not love one's body" (see "Historical Records: Biography of Rangers").These rangers are often supported by certain dignitaries. "Scholars die for those who know their friends" is their moral concept. 〔6〕Heroes in the Han Dynasty often colluded with dignitaries. For example, in "Hanshu·Youxia Zhuan", Chen Zun "lived in Chang'an, and all the princes, close officials, nobles and relatives were valued. The officials of the shepherd and guard, as well as the heroes of the county and country Those who are in the capital will go to Zunmen because of each other."

〔7〕 "Confucianism uses literature to disrupt the law, while chivalry uses martial arts to violate the ban" see "Han Feizi·Five Beetles".Sima Qian also quoted this phrase in "Historical Records: Biography of Rangers". [8] "Five Marquis" In the second year of Heping (27 B.C.) of Emperor Cheng (Liu Ao) of the Han Dynasty, five relatives Wang Tan, Wang Fengshi, Wang Gen, Wang Li, and Wang Shang brothers were named Marquis on the same day, and they were called "Five Marquis" at that time.According to "Han Shu You Xia Zhuan", the "Five Marquises" supported many Confucian and chivalrous scholars, among which the hero Lou Hu (Junqing) was the most trusted, and he was the "Five Marquis Shangke".

[9] For Li Kui's Robbery, see the 120th chapter and the 40th chapter. [10] "Water Margin", that is, written by Shi Naian in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties, is a full-length novel based on the peasant uprising led by Song Jiang in the Northern Song Dynasty.In the book, Song Jiang went to suppress the peasant uprising army such as Fang La after being recruited by the imperial court. "Walking the Way for Heaven" is the banner that Song Jiang has always held. 〔11〕"Shi Gongan" Qing Dynasty gongan novels, the author is unknown, a total of 97 chapters.It was written in 1838 that Huang Tianba handled the case for Shi Shilun when he was the magistrate of Jiangdu County to the governor of Guanyun during the Kangxi period.

〔12〕 "Peng Gongan" is a Qing Dynasty gongan novel, written by Taoist Taoist Tanmeng, with a total of 100 chapters.The story of a group of knight-errants handling cases for Peng Peng, the magistrate of Sanhe County during the Kangxi period, was published in 1891. [13] Originally titled, Chivalrous Novels of the Qing Dynasty, written by Shi Yukun, edited and edited by the Taoist Enthusiasm, a total of 120 chapters.It was published in 1879, revised by Yu Yue, reprinted in 1889, and renamed.The first half mainly tells the story of Bao Zheng's trial, and the second half mainly writes about the activities of the knights in the rivers and lakes.

〔14〕 "Nine-Tailed Turtle" by Zhang Chunfan, a novel describing the lives of prostitutes, published in 1910. 〔15〕Zhang Ziping refer to "Two Heart Collection Zhang Ziping's "Novelology"" and his concern.