Chapter 3 transliteration

one Whenever there is one thing that is always entangled forever, it is probably no more than in our China. Translating foreigners' names into transliteration is a very legitimate and common thing. If it weren't for people who have no common sense, it seems that they would never be able to talk nonsense.However, on the posters in Shanghai (I can't remember which newspaper, in short, it was either "Xin Shen Bao" or "Times"), there were people lurking in the dark throwing stones to laugh at it.He said that one of the secrets of being a new writer is to use words such as "Tu Jianafu" and "Guo Geli" [2] that people don't understand.

All the names with old transliterations: boots, lions, grapes, radishes, Buddha, Yili, etc... are all used without surprise, but only a few new translations are used to make trouble; if you know it, it is ridiculous; if you don’t , even more pitiful. In fact, many translators today are already twice as stubborn as those in ancient times.For example, people in the Northern and Southern Dynasties translated Indian personal names: Ananda, Shicha Nanda, Kumarashava[3]... They never wanted to be attached to Chinese personal names, so we can still follow their translation examples now. Release the original sound.Unexpectedly, until the last years of Guangxu, in the books and newspapers of overseas students, it was said that there was a "Ke Bojian" from a foreign country. Forget it, but fortunately there are still photos, but I know that is not the case, it is actually Kropotkin from Russia.There is another "Toustoi" [5] in that book. I can't remember whether it is Dostoievski or Tolstoi.

Although "Tu Jianafu" and "Guo Geli" are not as elegant as "Ke Bojian", it has almost become a common practice in the translation circle now to add all the characters of "Li" to foreigners' surnames. Speaking of the monks of the Six Dynasties[6], it can be said that they are very "satisfied with their duties".However, there are still people throwing stones and pretending to be grimaces from the dark. Is it really the so-called "people's hearts are not ancient"? I think that translators nowadays can learn from the "ancient monk". Anyone who has a name or place name can be translated in whatever pronunciation.That is to say, "Ke Bojian", although the translation of "Kurupajin" is now

Yes, but since the first sound is K and not Ku, we should change "bitterness" to "ke", because the difference between K and Ku is possible in Chinese characters.But China didn't even notice it, so when the news of Kropotkin's death came last year, the Shanghai Times used a photo of Kuropatkin, the defeated Lushun general during the Russo-Japanese War, to replace the old anarchist hero's face [ 7]. November 4th. two It is indeed an ancient and modern anecdote that self-proclaimed "national scholars" also ridicule the transliteration; but this is not only to show his stupidity, but also enough to show his misery.

If he respects it, what should we do?I think there are only three strategies.The best policy is not to talk about anything foreign; the middle policy is to call all foreigners foreign devils. For example, Tu Jienuofu's "Hunter's Diary" and Guo Geli's "Guo Shi" are all titled "foreign devils". The worst policy is to change the name of the foreigner to Wang Xizhi, Tang Bohu, Huang Santai[8], etc. For Huang Santai. If not, then it is a new transliteration language that claims to be incomprehensible to Chinese scholars, but it is about to invade the territory of real Chinese studies.

There is a "Quick Sand Falling Jane" [12] in China, which has been printed for ten years.If you want to talk about Chinese studies, then it can be regarded as a book on the study of Chinese studies.There is a long preface at the beginning, which was written by Mr. Wang Guowei [13]. He can only be regarded as a person who studies Chinese studies if he wants to talk about Chinese studies.And there is a paragraph in his preface that says, "The three places in the case of the ancient bamboo slips (omitted in the middle) are the Niya city in the northeast of Khotan and the three places in Mazantolabalahuashide."

These transliterations are no more elegant and understandable than "Tu Jianafu".But why must it be used?Just because there are three places, they are called like this; even if the Chinese scholars in Shanghai sneer, they still call it like this.While the fake Chinese scholars are playing cards and drinking, and the real Chinese scholars are sitting firmly in the high room and reading ancient books, Dr. Stein, a fellow of Shakespeare’s [14], has already described the Han and Jin Dynasties in the deserts of Gansu and Xinjiang. Bamboo slips have been dug up; not only have they been dug up, but books have also been made.Therefore, if you really want to study Chinese culture, you have to turn it back; because you really want to study it, you can't follow my three strategies: or don't mention it at all, or just say "obtained from Huaxia", or change it to "acquired from Chunshen" Pu Bank".

And not just this one.In addition, if you really want to study the history of the Yuan Dynasty, you have to understand the Chinese language of "Tu Jianafu", because just using the words "Mandarin Duck" and "Butterfly" is really not perfunctory enough.So China's national studies are underdeveloped, and if it develops, please forgive me, but it is definitely not a self-proclaimed national scholar in the foreign field who "can satisfy the middle". However, I did not know how to punctuate the so-called "Mazantola" in the three places in the preface. At first, I realized that the second is "Mazantola" and the third is "Palah Hua Shide". ".

Therefore, if we want to clearly talk about Chinese studies, we still need to embed foreign characters and use new-style punctuation. November 6th. KK [1] This article was originally published in the "Morning News Supplement" on November 4th and 6th, 1922, signed by Feng Sheng. 〔2〕Turgenev is a general translation of Turgenev.See note [5] on page 170 of this volume. "Guo Geli", a general translation of Gogol. 〔3〕Ananda, the son of King Hufan of India, is one of the top ten disciples of Sakyamuni.Shicha Nanda, an eminent Indian monk, translated the Avatamsaka Sutra and nineteen other Buddhist scriptures in Chang'an, China since the first year of Empress Wu Zetian's Zhengsheng (695).Kumarajiva (referred to as Kumarajiva) has an Indian father and a sister of King Kucha.From Qiuci to Chang'an in 401 A.D., Yao Xing of the later Qin Dynasty was treated as a national teacher and translated more than 380 volumes of scriptures.

〔4〕 "Ke Bojian" general translation Kropotkin (T.D.e] PaP_WXY, 1842. Baojiu Bobao's 砉  spelling   * righteous thinker. "New Century" weekly magazine sponsored by Chinese students studying in France, No. Issue 87 (March 6, 1909) published his photo, translated as "Ke Bojian". [5] "Tao Sidao" "New Century" No. 73 (November 14, 1908) and No. 76 (December 5 of the same year) translated Chukshov's " My Conscience Likes This" article, commenting on the Russian writer "Tao Si Dao".Judging from the content of this article, it refers to Tolstoy (that is, Tolstoi in the article), not Dostoevsky (that is, Dostoievski in the article).

〔6〕The monks of the Six Dynasties refer to Dao'an, Kumarajiva and other famous translators of Buddhist scriptures. [7] The news of Kropotkin's death was found in the Shanghai Times on February 1, 1921, in which there was a photo with the caption "Kurupakin, the Russian social reformer who died recently", The photo is of the Russian general Kurobatkin (Kuro-patkin, 1848-1925 in the text) in military uniform. 〔8〕Wang Xizhi (321-379) was born in Linyi, Langxie (now Linyi, Shandong), a writer and calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Tang Bohu (1470-1523), named Yin, was born in Wu County (now Jiangsu).Ming Dynasty writer and painter.Huang Santai, a character in the old novel "Peng Gong Case". [9] The theory of evolution is the theory of biological evolution based on natural selection. In the mid-nineteenth century, the British biologist Darwin (C.R. Darwin, 1809-1882) was the founder of this scientific theory. 〔10〕The theory of relativity is one of the theoretical foundations of modern physics.It was established by German-born physicist Einstein (A. Einstein, 1879-1955) at the beginning of this century. [11] America was discovered in 1492 by the Italian navigator Columbus (C. Colombo, about 1451-1506). 〔12〕The three volumes of "The Falling Sands of the Quicksand", co-edited by Luo Zhenyu and Wang Guowei.In 1900 and 1907, British A. Stein dug wooden slips of the Han and Jin Dynasties twice in Xinjiang and Gansu, my country, and smuggled them back to China. These wooden slips are for textual research and interpretation.Luo Zhenyu and Wang Guowei classified and arranged them, and added more textual research and interpretation, and divided them into three volumes: "Small Academic Mathematical and Technical Books", "Tun Shu Cong Remnants", and "Story of Bamboo Slips and Slips". [13] Wang Guowei (1877-1927), styled Jing'an, nicknamed Guantang, was born in Haining, Zhejiang Province, a modern scholar.He is the author of "Guantang Jilin", "Song and Yuan Opera History", etc. [14] Shakespeare, British dramatist and poet.See note [92] on page 43 of this volume.