Chapter 28 A couple of things to know about China

One about fire in China It is said that the fire used by the Greeks was stolen from the sky by Prometheus[2] long ago, but the fire in China is different from it. Just invent.Because it is not a thief, the disaster of being tied to the mountain and being pecked by the old eagle is avoided, but it is not preached and worshiped like Prometheus. China also has Vulcan [4].But that was not Suirenshi, but something inexplicable that set fire at will. Since Suirenshi discovered or invented fire, he can eat hot pot with great taste, light up the lamp, and work at night. However, as the sages said, "every pros and cons must have disadvantages", at the same time, fires started , The great person who deliberately set fire to and burned the nest invented by Youchao [5] also appeared.

The kind Suirenshi should be forgotten.Even if the food is injured, this time it belongs to the domain of Shennong[6], so that Shennong is still remembered by people.As for the fire, although I don't know who the inventor is, there are always ancestors, so I have no choice but to call it the god of fire and show it in awe.Looking at his portrait, he has a red face and a red beard, but when offering sacrifices, all red things must be avoided and replaced by green.He is probably like a Spanish bull, who at the sight of red will become excited and perform a terrible action. [7] He was worshiped for this reason.In China, there are still many such evil gods.

However, in the world, it seems that they are lively because of them.There is also only Vulcan in the competition [8], but not in Suirenshi.If there is a fire, the people who were affected and those who were not affected by the fire must offer sacrifices to the God of Fire to express their gratitude.Even though it was a little accidental to express my gratitude after being hit by a disaster, if I don’t sacrifice, it is said that it will be burned the second time, so I still thank you for safety.And it's not only for Vulcan, but also for people, sometimes it's the same way. I think it's probably a kind of etiquette.

In fact, setting fire is very scary, but it may be more interesting than cooking.I don't know anything about foreign countries, but in China, no matter what kind of history you search, you can never find any legends about people who cook and light lamps.In society, no matter how good at cooking and lighting lamps, there is no hope of becoming a celebrity.However, when Qin Shihuang[9] burned books, he is still a celebrity to this day. As for Hitler[10], he was cited as a precedent for burning books.If Mrs. Hitler was good at turning on the light and baking bread, then it would be difficult to find a precedent in history.But, fortunately, such a thing will not stir up the whole life.

According to the notes of Song people, the burning of houses began with the Mongols.Because they lived in tents and didn't know how to live in a house, they set fires along the way. [11] However, this is a lie.Among the Mongols, very few understand Chinese, so I will not correct it.In fact, in the last years of the Qin Dynasty, there was a famous person who set fire to Xiang Yu[12]. Once Afang Palace was burned, he became famous all over the world, and he still appears on the stage to this day, even in Japan.However, who knows the names of the people who light up the lamps every day in the Efang Palace before it was burned?

Explosive bombs, incendiary bombs and other things have been made now, and the aircraft is also very advanced. If you want to be a celebrity, it will be even easier.And if the fire is set on a larger scale than before, then that person will be more respected. From a distance, he looks just like the savior [13], and the light of the fire makes people think it is bright.2. About China's kingly way The year before last, I had read the masterpiece "Letter to China and the People of China" by Nakari Jieshan [14].I just remember that it said that Zhou Han has the aptitude of an invader.And the people of China praised him and welcomed him.Even the Yuan and Qing in Shuobei were praised.As long as the aggression has the power to stabilize the country and protect the people's livelihood, that is the kingly way the Chinese people desire, so they are very indignant at the Chinese people's obsession.

The "letter" was translated and carried in a magazine published in Manchuria, but since it was never imported into China, there is no such thing as a letter reply, so far.Only in the talk of Dr. Hu Shi[15], which was published in last year's Shanghai poster, some people said, "There is only one way to conquer China, that is, stop the aggression completely, and conquer the hearts of the Chinese nation in turn." Needless to say, that is nothing more than Accidentally, but also somewhat as if it were a reply to that letter. Conquering the hearts of the Chinese nation, this is Dr. Hu Shi's definition of the so-called kingly way in China, but I think he himself may not believe his own words.In China, in fact, there has never been a kingly way at all. Dr. Hu, who "has a history addiction and a textual research addiction", should not be ignorant.

It is true that there were people in China who sang the praises of Yuan and Qing, but that was thanks to Vulcan and the like, not proof that even their hearts were conquered.If it is given a hint that if it is not eulogized, it will be more cruel, then even a certain degree of cruelty can still make people sing.Four or five years ago, I joined a group demanding freedom[16]. At that time, Chen Dezheng, the head of the Shanghai Education Bureau, said angrily, under the rule of the Three People's Principles, do you still feel dissatisfied?That may even put away the little freedom that is given now.And, really put away.Whenever I feel less free than before, while admiring Chen's knowledge of mastering the kingly way, I sometimes can't help thinking that I should really be praising the Three People's Principles.However, it is too late now.

In China, the kingly way, although it seems to be the opposite of hegemony, is actually a brother. [17] Before and after this, there must be hegemony.The reason why the people praise it is because they hope that the hegemony will be alleviated, or it will not be more severe.According to historians, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty[18] was a dragon, but he was actually a scoundrel. To say he was an invader is probably a little wrong.As for King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty[19], he entered China in the name of conquest, and it seems that even the ethnic group was different from Yin. In modern terms, he was an invader.However, the voice of the people at that time is no longer preserved.Confucius and Mencius[20] did greatly promote the kingly way, but the gentlemen were not only subjects of the Zhou Dynasty, but also traveled around the country and had activities, so it may be difficult to say that they wanted to become officials.To put it more nicely, it is because you want to "practice the Tao". If you are an official, it is more convenient to practice the Tao, but if you are an official, it is better to praise the Zhou Dynasty for its convenience.However, according to other records, even though it was the Zhou Dynasty, the patriarch and expert in the way of kingship, at the beginning of the crusade, Boyi and Shuqi also buckled their horses and remonstrated [21], and they had to be dragged away; Zhou's army also joined forces. Resistance must cause their blood to flow to Piaochu[22].Then the Yin people rebelled again. Although they were specially called "stubborn people"[23] and were excluded from the people of the kingly world, in short, it seemed that there was some kind of loophole.What a royal way, it only takes one stubborn person to make it groundless.

Confucian scholars and alchemists are famous Chinese specialties.The highest ideal of alchemists is the way of immortality, while that of Confucian scholars is the way of kings.But it is a pity that these two items are finally not available in China.According to the long-term historical facts, it is a lie to say that there was a real king in the past, and it is a new medicine to say that there is a king.Mencius was born in the Zhou Dynasty, so he was ashamed to talk about hegemony [24]. If he was born today, he would be ashamed to talk about kings as the scope of human knowledge expanded. Three About Prisons in China

I think that people are indeed enlightened by the facts, and things change accordingly.From the Song Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, for many years, they used the troublesome article of "making art" [25] to represent the sages to select scholars. It was not until they lost the battle with France [26] that they realized the meaning of this method. mistake.So they sent overseas students to the West to set up arms manufacturing bureaus as a means of correction.After realizing that this is not enough, it was after the defeat with Japan[27] that this time we tried our best to open the school.So the students make a big fuss every year.It was only after the fall of the Qing Dynasty and the KMT came to power that they realized this mistake again. The means of correction was nothing but building prisons. In China, prisons of the national quintessence style had long existed everywhere, and by the end of the Qing Dynasty, some Western-style prisons, the so-called civilization-style prisons, had also been built.It was built to show foreigners who travel here, and it should belong to the same category as the foreign students who are specially sent out to learn the etiquette of civilized people in order to socialize with foreigners.Thanks to this blessing, the treatment of the prisoners is not bad, they are given a bath and a certain amount of food, so it is quite a happy place.However, just two or three weeks ago, because the government wanted to implement a benevolent government, it issued an order not to withhold prison food.Since then, I have been happier. As for the old-style prisons, since they seem to be based on the Buddhist hell, they not only confine the prisoners, but also have the task of making them suffer.The task of extorting money and making the prisoner's family impoverished is sometimes carried along with it.But everyone thinks it should.If anyone opposes it, it is tantamount to speaking for the prisoner, and he will be suspected by the evil party [28].However, civilization has progressed surprisingly, so last year there were officials who advocated that prisoners should be released home every year to give them a chance to solve their sexual desires, which is quite humanitarian. [29] In fact, he did not particularly express sympathy for the prisoner's sexual desire, but because he was always sure that he would implement it, he shouted loudly to show his existence as an official.However, public opinion was quite heated.One critic thought that in this way, everyone would go in happily without fear of prison, and he was very indignant for the people of the world. [30] After being taught by the so-called sages for so long, he is still not as smooth as that official. Of course, it is also seen as honest and reliable, but his opinion is that the prisoner must be abused, but this also shows it. Thinking from another way, prisons are indeed not without places that are not like the ideal land of people with the slogan "safety first".There are very few fires, thieves will not come, and bandits will certainly not come to rob.Even if there is a war, there will never be fools who target prisons and bomb them; even if there is a revolution, there will be cases of releasing prisoners, but none of them will be massacred.At the beginning of Fujian's independence[31], although there were rumors that the prisoners were released, and people who disagreed with themselves disappeared when they went outside, such cases have never happened before.All in all, it doesn't seem like a bad place.As long as you are allowed to bring your family, even if it is not a time of flood, famine, war, or terror like now, there may not necessarily be no people who ask to move in.Then abuse becomes necessary. Niu Lan[32] and his wife were imprisoned in a prison in Nanjing as propagandists of redification, and they also went on hunger strike three or four times, but to no avail.This is because he does not know the spirit of Chinese prisons.An official said in surprise: If he doesn't eat it himself, what does it have to do with others?Not only has nothing to do with benevolent government, but saving some food is beneficial to the prison.Gandhi's [33] game would have been useless if he did not choose the Xingxingchang [34]. However, in such a nearly perfect prison, there is still a shortcoming.So far, I have not paid much attention to ideological matters.To make up for this shortcoming, education is given in the newly invented special prison called "Reflection House".I haven't been there to reflect on it, so I don't know the details, but in short, it seems that the Three People's Principles are told to the prisoner from time to time, making him reflect on his own mistakes.I heard that, in addition, I had to do a dissertation on combating communism.If you refuse to do it, or if you are unable to do it, then of course, you have to reflect on it all your life, and if you don't do it up to standard, you still have to reflect on it until you die.Now there are people who go in and people who come out, because it is said that a reflection institute has to be built, so it can be seen that more people go in.You can occasionally meet good citizens who are released after the exam, but they seem to be generally depressed. I am afraid that they have exhausted their strength in self-reflection and graduation thesis.The future is on the side of no hope. CC [1] This article was originally published in the March 1934 issue of the Japanese monthly "Reform". Please refer to the "Supplementary Notes" of this book. [2] Prometheus Prometheus, the god in Greek mythology.According to legend, he stole fire from Zeus, the main god, and gave it to humans. As punishment by Zeus, he was nailed to the rocks of the Caucasus Mountains and let the eagle eat his liver. 〔3〕Sui Renshi, one of the three ancient kings, was the first person to drill wood to make fire in Chinese legends. [4] There are different legends about Vulcan.One refers to Zhu Rong, see Volume 8 of Luo Mi's "Lu Shi Qian Ji"; 〔5〕 Youchao, one of the three ancient kings, is the person who invented the tree to live in a nest in the legend of our country. 〔6〕Shen Nong is one of the three ancient kings who invented and made farm tools and taught people how to farm in Chinese legends.It is also said that he once tasted all kinds of herbs, discovered medicinal materials, and taught people to cure diseases. [7] There used to be a custom of bullfighting in Spain. The bullfighter held a red cloth and teased the bull. When the bull touched him with its horns, the bullfighter would fight with it. [8] Saihui is also called Saishen, an old superstitious custom.They welcome the gods out of the temple with ceremonial guards, drum music and miscellaneous operas, and travel around the streets and alleys to reward the gods and pray for blessings. [9] Qin Shihuang (259-210 BC) had a surname of Ying Mingzheng.During the Warring States Period, the monarch of Qin State established the first centralized feudal dynasty in Chinese history in 221 BC.In the thirty-fourth year of the first emperor (213 BC), he adopted the suggestion of Prime Minister Li Si and ordered the burning of all historical books of countries other than Qin and ancient books collected by the people except agricultural books and medical books. [10] Hitler (AHitler, 1889-1945) interpreted Hitler, the leader of the German Nazi Party, and one of the culprits of the Second World War.After he became prime minister in 1933, he implemented fascist rule and burned progressive books and all so-called "non-German thinking" books.Regarding the argument of citing Qin Shihuang as a precedent for Hitler's book burning, the author has made an analysis in "Zhun Fengyue Tan Huade Book Burning Similarities and Differences", please refer to it. [11] Zhuang Jiyu of the Song Dynasty recorded in the "Chicken Ribs" volume: "After Jingkang, the Jin captives invaded China and lived in strange customs. Everyone who passed by was burned." [12] Xiang Yu (232 BC - 202 BC) was born in Xiaxiang (now Suqian, Jiangsu), and was the leader of the peasant uprising at the end of Qin Dynasty.After Qin's death, he established himself as the overlord of Western Chu, and was later defeated by Liu Bang.According to "Historical Records Xiang Yu Benji": After he broke through Xianyang, he "burned the Qin palace, and the fire lasted for three months."Afang Palace, a palace built during the reign of Qin Shihuang, is located in Xi'afang Village, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. [13] Salvation Christians call Jesus. The Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament says that wherever Christ is, there is a great light shining. 〔14〕 Nakazato Jieshan (1885-1944) Japanese popular novelist, author of the historical novel "Great Bodhisattva Shanka".His "A Letter to China and the People of China" was published by Chunyangdo in Japan in 1931 (Showa 6). [15] Hu Shi (1891-1962), styled Shizhi, was born in Jixi, Anhui.He studied in the United States in his early years and received a Ph.D. from Columbia University. After returning to China, he served as a professor at Peking University.At that time, he actively supported the domestic and foreign policies of the Kuomintang government.The passage quoted here is his talk to a reporter in Peiping on March 18, 1933, which was published in "Shenbao·Peking Newsletter" on March 22 of the same year.The following "historical obsession and textual research addiction" are the words he wrote in ""Water Margin" Textual Research" written in July 1920: "I hate what Chinese historians say about the 'historical writing method', but I'm a bit 'historical'; I hate people's critiques, but I'm a bit 'evidence'!" [16] Refers to the China Freedom Movement Alliance, a revolutionary mass organization under the support and leadership of the Communist Party of China. It was established in Shanghai in February 1930. Its purpose is to fight for freedom of speech, publication, association, assembly, etc. Reactionary rule. 〔17〕Concerning the theory of kingship and hegemony, "Mencius Gongsun Chou" contains Meng Ke's words: "He who uses power to pretend to be benevolent is a hegemon, and hegemony will surely have a big country; a king who uses virtue to practice benevolence will not wait for a big... Those who use power to convince others, If you are not subdued from the heart, you will not be strong; if you subdue others with virtue, you will be sincerely convinced with joy.” Also, “Han Shu·Yuan Di Ji”: “The Han family has its own system, which is based on the overlord’s way.” [18] Han Gaozu is Liu Bang (247-195 BC), a native of Pei (now Pei County, Jiangsu Province), the leader of the peasant uprising at the end of Qin Dynasty, and the founder of the Han Dynasty.According to "Historical Records: The Benji of Gaozu": "Gaozu... his father is called Taigong, and his mother is called Liu Yu. His first Liu Yu tasted the lake of Daze, and his dream met with God. It was time when the thunder and lightning were dark. When the Taigong looked at it, he saw it. He put the dragon on top of him. He was already pregnant, so he gave birth to Gaozu." He also said that he "doesn't care about the family's production work... he is good at wine and sex. He often buys wine from Wang Nai and Wu Cheng". [19] King Wu of Zhou, surnamed Ji Mingfa, was the leader of the Zhou clan in the late Yin Dynasty.In the eleventh century B.C., he united all ethnic groups in the Northwest and Southwest to march into the Central Plains, and established the Zhou Dynasty after destroying Yin. 〔20〕Confucius (551-479 BC), named Qiu and styled Zhongni, was born in Zouyi (now Qufu, Shandong) in the state of Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, and was the founder of the Confucian school.Mencius (about 372-289 BC), named Ke, styled Ziyu, was born in Zou (now southeast of Zou County, Shandong Province) during the Warring States Period. He inherited and developed Confucianism and became another representative of Confucianism after Confucius. 〔21〕 Boyi and Shuqi buckled their horses and remonstrated. King Wu Zai Muzhu, named King Wen, defeated Zhou in the east. Boyi and Shuqi knocked on their horses and remonstrated, saying: "Father is not buried when he dies, and if he goes to war, is it filial piety? Is it benevolence to kill the king with ministers?" Left and right want to fight The Taigong said: 'This righteous man is also, help him away.'" 〔22〕Blood Flowing Piaochu According to "Shangshu Wucheng": "Jiazi is ignorant, and Shou (Zhou) led him to travel in Ruolin and meet in Muye. There is no enemy against our teacher. The former disciples turned against each other and attacked the north behind. The blood is flowing." 〔23〕 "Stubborn people" According to "Historical Records Yin Benji": "Wu King of Zhou died, Wu Geng (the son of Shang Zhou) rebelled with Guan Shu and Cai Shu, and King Cheng ordered Zhou Gong to punish him." Also "Shangshu Toshi" Contains: "Chengzhou (today's Luoyang) was completed, and moved to the recalcitrant people of Yin." According to Kong Yingdashu of the Tang Dynasty: "The recalcitrant people are called Yin's officials and scholars who rebelled against Wu Geng; because of their ignorance, they are called recalcitrant people." [24] It is shameful to talk about domineering. According to "Mencius King Hui of Liang": "King Xuan of Qi asked: 'Can you hear about Qi Huan and Jinwen?' Mencius said: 'A disciple of Zhongni, no The matter of Daohuan and Wen is not passed on to future generations, and the ministers have not heard about it." According to Zhu Xi's "Jizhu" in the Song Dynasty: "In the gate of Zhongni, the five-foot boy is ashamed to call the five tyrants, because he cheated first and then Benevolence and righteousness." [25] "Zhiyi" is also called Zhiyi.The style specified in the imperial examination.In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it refers to the eight-legged essay that extracts Chinese sentence propositions and arguments from the "Four Books" and "Five Classics". [26] Refers to the Sino-French War from 1884 to 1885.As a result of the war, the Qing government signed an unequal "Sino-French New Treaty" with France. [27] Refers to the Sino-Japanese War from 1894 to 1895 (that is, the Sino-Japanese War).After the defeat, the Qing government signed the "Treaty of Shimonoseki" with Japan, which was humiliating and humiliating. [28] The villainous party is an irony here. At that time, the Kuomintang reactionaries used words such as "bandit party" to falsely refer to the Chinese Communist Party. [29] On April 4, 1933, the "Shenbao" "Nanjing Special Telegram" stated: "A certain important person in the judiciary talked about... the sexual desire of the middle-aged offender. According to the theory, people commit crimes and lose their freedom, but the sexual desire is not included in the deprivation. In the civilized countries of Europe and the United States, there are fixed holidays for prisoners... every year, they have to ask for leave and go home for five or seven days to satisfy their sexual desires." [30] The second issue published on August 20, 1933 contained Guo Ming's article "Free Prison", which said: "Recently, the judicial authorities have resumed discussions on the issue of prisoners' sexual desires...Originally, the prison system ...It is the country that gives criminals a chance to reflect on themselves and make amends...Everyone knows the pain of prisons, and illegal crimes are asking for hardship. People are wary, or they may not dare to break the law; dealing with villains is also a natural secret." [31] Fujian independence refers to the coup d'état in Fujian in November 1933.On January 28, 1932, he fought against the 19th Route Army invading the Japanese army in Shanghai, and was transferred by Chiang Kai-shek to Fujian for the anti-communist civil war.Under the influence of the Chinese Communist Party's anti-Japanese advocacy, the officers and soldiers of the army opposed Chiang Kai-shek's policy of surrendering to Japan and were unwilling to fight the Red Army.In November 1933, the generals of the 19th Route Army united some forces within the Kuomintang, established the "People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China" in Fujian Province, and established an anti-Japanese and anti-Chiang agreement with the Red Army, but soon fell under the oppression of Chiang Kai-shek's troops. fail. [32] Naulen is Paul Ruegg, originally from Poland, secretary of the Shanghai Office of the "Pan Pacific Industrial Alliance", and a staff member of the Communist International stationed in China.On June 17, 1931, Niu Lan and his wife were arrested by the Kuomintang government in Shanghai and sent to Nanjing for imprisonment. On July 1 of the following year, they were tried for the crime of "endangering the Republic of China".Niu Lan refused to accept it, and started a hunger strike on July 2.Song Qingling, Cai Yuanpei and others once organized the "Niulan Couple Rescue Committee" to rescue them.Released from prison on the eve of the Japanese occupation of Nanjing in 1937. [33] Gandhi (MGandhi, 1869-1948) was the leader of the Indian National Independence Movement.He advocated "non-violent resistance" and advocated the "non-cooperation movement" against the British colonial government. He was imprisoned many times and expressed his resistance with hunger strikes many times in prison. 〔34〕Xingxingchang means theater in Japanese.