Chapter 19 Just flip through

I would like to talk a little about my reading for leisure - just flip through it.But if you don't do it well, you might suffer. The first place I went to study was a private school, and the first book I read was "Jianlue" [2], except for this book, the red grid for practicing calligraphy, and the textbook for matching characters (this is a preparation for poetry) on the table , no other books are allowed.But later, I gradually learned to read. As soon as I learned to read, I became interested in books. There were two or three boxes of tattered books at home, so I rummaged through them. The main purpose was to look for pictures, and later I also read words.This has become a habit. When the book is at hand, no matter what it is, you always have to turn it over, or read the preface, or read a few leaves of content. Until now, it is still the same. After reading the books that must be read, when I feel tired, I also use this thing as a pastime, and it can indeed restore fatigue.

If you want to deceive people, this method can easily impersonate Boya.Now some honest people, after chatting with me, often say that I read a lot of books. After a little talk, I do seem to read a lot of books. .There is also a secret book that is easy to obtain, which is "Summary of Siku Bibliography". If you are still afraid of the complexity, then "Concise Catalog" [3] is also acceptable. You have to read carefully, it can make you feel like you have read many books. .However, I have also used serious work, such as "Chinese studies", I have asked my husband for advice, and I have paid attention to the bibliography written by scholars.The results are not satisfactory.Some bibliographies have been opened too much, and it will take more than ten years to finish them. I suspect that he has not read them himself; , then, the few books that come out must be extremely muddled books.

I'm not saying that there are no teachers in the world who can guide future students to learn to read. There are some, but they are rare. Here I only say that I read books leisurely - some serious people objected, thinking that this would be "miscellaneous"! "Miscellaneous" is now a very bad adjective.But I thought there were benefits too.For example, if we look at the old account books of a family, it is written every day that "beans pay three cents, green vegetables ten cents, fish fifty cents, and soy sauce one cent", and we know that the previous few dollars can buy a day's worth of side dishes, enough to feed the family; In this old calendar, it says "not suitable for traveling, not suitable for bathing, not suitable for going to the beam", so I know that there were so many taboos before.Seeing "eating vegetables is a devil" in the notes of the Song people [4], and "ten tigers and five tigers" in the notes of the Ming people [5], I know, "Oh, it turns out that 'the ancients have existed'." But after reading A book is full of anecdotes about celebrities at that time, such as a general who ate thirty-eight bowls of rice every meal, a gentleman who weighed 175 and a half catties; It is also useless for a woman to give birth to a snake with a human face.At this time, I have an idea for myself, knowing that this is a book made by helping scribes.Whoever helps, he can entertain the worst, and he does it in the worst way.If you are not careful and you are lured by him, you will fall into the trap, and then your mind will be full of the appetite of a certain general, the weight of a certain gentleman, the centipede and the snake with a human face.

Books about ghosts and whores, if you come across them by chance, don't frown and show disgust, you can also read them; books that you know are contrary to your own opinions, and books that are out of date, use the same method. way.For example, Yang Guangxian's "Undoubtedly" [6] was written in the early Qing Dynasty, but it seems that his thoughts are alive, and there are many people who share similar opinions with him.This is also a little dangerous, that is, I am afraid of being lured by it.The cure is to turn over and over again, and once you turn over, there will be comparisons, and comparisons are a good cure for being deceived.Country people often mistake a copper sulfide for a gold mine, and they can't explain it to him, or he will hide it quickly, suspecting that you are going to lie to his treasure for nothing.But if he encounters a real gold mine, he just needs to weigh it with his hands, and he will be determined: Got it.

"Turn around casually" is a method of comparing with various other ores, which is very troublesome, and it is not as clear and simple as comparing with real gold mines.I think young people nowadays often ask people what books they should read, just to see real gold and avoid being deceived by copper sulfide.And once you know real gold, you can really know copper sulfide on the one hand, killing two birds with one stone. But such good things are not easy to find in the existing books in China.I recalled how miserable it was for me to acquire a little knowledge.When I was young, I knew that after "Pangu's family opened up the world", there were three emperors and five emperors in China...Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, "My Qing Dynasty" [7].When I was twenty, I heard that "our" Genghis Khan [8] conquered Europe, and this was "our" most prosperous era.Only when I was twenty-five did I realize that the so-called "our" most prosperous era was actually when the Mongols conquered China and we became slaves.It wasn’t until August of this year that I looked up three Mongolian histories because I wanted to find out some stories. Only then did I understand that the Mongols conquered “Oluosi”[9], invaded Hungary and Austria, and were still before they conquered the whole of China. Si is not our Khan, but the qualifications of the Russians to be enslaved are older than ours. They should have said, "Our Genghis Khan conquered China, which is our most prosperous era."

I haven't read the current history textbook for a long time, and I don't know what it says in it; but in newspapers and magazines, I sometimes see articles proud of Genghis Khan.The matter has long passed, and there was no major relationship, but maybe there is a major relationship, and no matter what, it is always good to say something true.So I think, whether he is studying literature or science, he should first read a concise and reliable book about history.But if he only talks about Uranus, or Neptune, or the nerve cells of toads, or only sings about plum blossoms and calls them sisters, and doesn't talk about society, then naturally, it's okay not to read them.

I myself, because I know a little Japanese, use the Japanese translation of "World History Course" and the newly published "Chinese Social History" [10] to deal with emergencies, which are more clear than the history books I have seen in the past.There used to be translations of the former in China, but only one, and the last five were not translated. I don’t know how the translation is because I haven’t seen it.The latter kind of Chinese had a translated version called "History of Chinese Social Development", but according to the Japanese translator, it was full of mistakes, abridged, and unreliable.

I still hope that China has these two books.I also hope that I don’t want to be coaxed to come and go away. If I want to translate, I have to finish the translation; and I don’t want to abridge.November 2nd. CC [1] This article was originally published in November 1934 in the second issue of Volume 1 of the Shanghai "Study Life" monthly magazine, signed by Gong Khan. 〔2〕 "Jianlue" was written by Wang Shiyun in the Qing Dynasty. It is a primary historical reading material used in old schools. 〔3〕Summary of Bibliography of Siku Quanshu, that is, Summary of General Bibliography of Siku Quanshu, edited by Ji Yun.See note [11] on page 59 of this volume. "Concise Catalog", that is, "Siku Quanshu Concise Catalog", has a total of 20 volumes and was compiled by Yi Jiyun.

〔4〕"Eating Vegetables Are Demons" Mingjiao, a secret religious organization of peasants during the Five Dynasties and Song Dynasty, advocated vegetarianism and enshrined Mani (from the Manichaeism in ancient Persia) as the god of light.Therefore, there is a saying that "eating vegetables is a devil" in the records about them.In Song Dynasty Zhuang Jiyu's "Chicken Ribs" volume uploaded: "It's the magic food method... Those who are close to current events benefit the public. Clouds flow from Fujian to Wenzhou, and then reach the Erzhe. The Fangla Rebellion in Muzhou (1120-1121), and its disciples are everywhere. Hearing his law, cutting off meat and wine, not respecting gods and Buddhas, ancestors, not having guests, and being buried naked when he dies...beginning to vote for his party, there are very poor people, and they all contribute their money to help, and the accumulation is so small that they are well-off. Even if you don't know who goes in and out of the past, the party members are all in the valley; the characters use it without asking, and they call it a family, so there is a saying of "no hindrance to being caught"... But the prohibition is too strict, and anyone who informs will be involved. And often the family is lost, the whole family is exiled, and death is equal; we must work together to reject the officials, and the states and counties are afraid of them, and the rates dare not be followed, which will increase."

[5] "Ten tigers and five tigers" should be "five tigers and five tigers".In the fourth volume of Ji Liuqi's "Ming Ji Beilue", there is a piece of "Five Tigers and Five Tigers": "The five tigers Li Kuilong, Wu Chunfu, Ni Wenhuan, Tian Ji and others chased the stolen goods and sent them to the army; the five tigers Tian Ergeng and Xu Xianchun were executed; Cui Yingyuan and Yang Huan , Sun Yunhe and Sun Yunhe served as frontier guards, thinking that it is a precept to attach power to the government." According to "Ming History·Wei Zhongxian Biography": "At this time, the internal and external powers belong to Zhongxian... The foreign court officials are Cui Chengxiu, Tian Ji, Wu Chunfu, Li Long (Li Kuilong) and Ni Wenhuan were the master planners, named "Five Tigers"; Wuchen Zetian Ergeng, Xu Xianchun, Sun Yunhe, Yang Huan, Cui Yingyuan killed the masters, named "Five Biao". Also Zhou Yingqiu, Minister of the Ministry of Officials, Cao Qincheng, the eunuch Shaoqing, etc. The title is 'Ten Dogs'; there are also titles of 'Ten Babies' and 'Forty Grandsons'." [6] Yang Guangxian, styled Changgong, was born in She County, Anhui.In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the Qing government appointed Tang Ruowang, a German Catholic missionary, as the supervisor of Qin Tianjian, changed the strict law, and compiled a new almanac.Yang Guang first wrote to the Ministry of Rites, accusing the five words "according to the new method of the West" on the cover of the new almanac.In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665), he wrote a letter accusing the new almanac of erroneous calculation of the solar eclipse of that year. Tang Ruowang and others were convicted for this.In the seventh year of Kangxi's reign, Yang was imprisoned for misrepresentation, but was later pardoned. "As a last resort" is a collection of Yang Guangxian's previous accusations against Tang Ruowang's submissions and papers, which contain strong feudal and xenophobic thoughts. Wait. 〔7〕 "My Great Qing" sentence in the primary reading materials of the old school.After the Manchu rulers established the Qing regime, ordinary Han officials also referred to the new dynasty as "My Qing Dynasty"; Lu Xun did not mention "Qing Dynasty" here, which is ironic.

[8] Genghis Khan (1162-1227), named Temujin, was the leader of the ancient Mongolian nationality.In 1206, he unified the Mongolian tribes and established the Mongolian Khanate. He was supported as king and called Genghis Khan.After his successor destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty and established the Yuan Dynasty, he was honored as Yuan Taizu.From 1219 to 1223, he led his army to the west and occupied Central Asia and South Russia.Later, his grandson Batu made a second western expedition from 1235 to 1244, conquering Russia and invading Hungary, Austria, Poland and other European countries.The above events all took place before Kublai Khan (that is, Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty) destroyed the Song Dynasty in 1279. 〔9〕 "Olosi" means Russia.See Volume 26 of "Yuan History Translation Zhengbu" by Hong Jun in the Qing Dynasty. "Xin Yuan History · Foreign Biographies" is written as "Woros". [10] "World History Course", a textbook co-edited by the Soviet Union Pocharov (WXYGZ[G, now translated as Pocharov) and others, formerly known as "Textbook of the History of Class Struggle".There are two kinds of Chinese translations. One is translated by Wang Lixi and others, and only the first volume is published, which is published by Shenzhou Guoguang Society;Lu Xun said that there was only one translation of this book, which may refer to the previous translation. "Chinese Social History", written by Safarov of the Soviet Union (]^P[_[G, now translated by Safarov), formerly known as "Outline of Chinese History".Lu Xun has a Japanese translation of Hayakawa Jiro (1934 edition).The Chinese translation of "The History of Chinese Social Development" mentioned in the article was translated by Li Li and published by Shanghai New Life Bookstore in 1932.