Chapter 12 In addition to chatting after illness

——About "Shu Anger" one I often explain that Emperor Yongle's cruelty was far greater than that of Zhang Xianzhong, and was influenced by Song Duanyi's "Li Zhai Xianlu" [2].At that time, I was a fourteen or fifteen-year-old boy with braids under the rule of Manchuria, but I had already read "Shu Bi", which records how Zhang Xianzhong massacred the people of Shu, and I hated the ferocity of this "traitor".Later, I accidentally found an incomplete "Li Zhai Xianlu" in the pile of broken books, which was still a manuscript of the Ming Dynasty. I saw Yongle's edict in that book, so my hatred moved to Yongle. .

At that time, I had no knowledge of history, and the reason for this transfer of hatred was very simple. I just thought it was okay to be a traitor, but the emperor should not.As for "Li Zhai Xianlu", it seems to be a rare book, the author is from the Ming Dynasty, and there are already manuscripts in the Ming Dynasty, so the number of engraved copies can be imagined.I remember that "Hui Ke Bibliography" [4] said it was in a series of books in the Ming Dynasty, but I have not seen this series of books so far; Qing "Summary of Siku Quanshu Zongmu" put it in "Cunmu", then, It is also not in Sikuquanshu. My family is not a bibliophile. I really don't understand how there is such a manuscript.I have kept this book until more than ten years ago, because I was so hungry that I sold it to bibliophiles and collectors together with two other copies and a clearly engraved "Secrets of the Palace Boudoir"[5]. A well-known scholar named Fu[6], after making me run three or four times, he said that he would give me eight yuan for the price. I was so angry that I refused to sell it, so I took it back and hid it in my apartment in Peking; but no one has been there for a long time. Take care, I don't know what's going on now.

I read that book forty years ago. Although the hatred for Yongle is still there, the content of the book has long been fuzzy. An example of an order.I also really want to read "Yongle Shilu" [7], but how can I do it in Shanghai; Laiqingge has a remnant copy on consignment, ten copies, but the real price is 160 yuan, and it is definitely not on the bookshelf of my generation. on the book.Another coincidence: Yesterday, in the third volume of "Anhui Series" [8], I saw the revised version of Qing Yu Zhengxie's (1775-1840) "Gui Si Lei Manuscript" [9]. In Ancient Things, Emperor Yongle’s edict is quoted, which is based on the “Records of Nanjing Judiciary” in Wang Shizhen’s “Historical Materials of Hezhou Prefecture” [10]. One spot", compared with the works of Xianzhongliu Bandit.The excerpt is below——

"On the 11th day of the first lunar month in the eleventh year of Yongle, the Secretary of Jiaofang played at the gate of Youshun: sister Qitai [11], nephew and daughter-in-law, and sister Huang Zicheng, four women, every day and night, more than 20 men guarded, The young ones are all pregnant, except for the childbirth order to be a little turtle, there is also a three-year-old girl who will play the imperial decree. Feng Qinyi: Let him. Don't you grow up to be a prostitute?" "Tie Xuan's wife, Yang, was thirty-five years old, and was sent to Jiaofang Secretary; Mao Dafang's wife, Zhang, was fifty-six years old, and was sent to Jiaofang Secretary. Zhang died of illness, and Jiaofang Secretary Anzheng played at Fengtianmen. According to the imperial decree: pay Shangyuan The county carried it out of the door and ate it with the dog! This is it!"

The question and answer between the monarch and his ministers is actually in such a tone. It is probably unexpected that there is no old record.But in fact, this is only a temporary case.Since the beginning of history, the Chinese have always been massacred, slaved, plundered, humiliated, and oppressed by the same race and foreign races. They have also experienced the pain that cannot be tolerated by human beings. Every inspection, it really makes people feel different. live in the world.Yu Zhengxie has read the unofficial history, and he is just a person who feels righteous indignation because of it. Therefore, after recording the stories of the Qing Dynasty’s liberation of idlers and beggar households, the suspension of teaching workshops, and the suspension of women’s music[12], he made a conclusion—“From three generations to In the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu of the Later Jin Dynasty, Jin, Yuan, and Emperor Jing of the Ming Dynasty were lenient and false in the law, but the old ones were still preserved. The rest were taken for granted. This dynasty completely lost its ancestry, and heaven and earth did it. It’s clear. Han Confucians praised the merits of the imperial court, and they said, “Soothe resentment” [13], except for the matter of Lehu, you can sincerely say that those who are resentful: so the facts of trivial things in the ancient sayings are the same as those about Yinge.”

Two things surprised me about this conclusion.The first thing is that among the emperors who gave up slaves, the Han people were very few.But I suspect that Yu Zhengxie is still undecided. For example, Jin Yuan did not treat slaves favorably, because even the masters who held slaves in China became slaves at that time. ’, so it was as if a lenient leave had been granted to the former slave.The second thing is that this tyranny since the beginning of history has to wait for the Qing Dynasty in Manchuria to clarify it, so that the Confucian scholars who study history will applaud it, and compare it to the "relaxing resentment" of Han Confucianism—that is, the end of the Ming Dynasty. What the talented scholars in the early Qing Dynasty said, "It's not too happy!" [14] However, the liberation of Lehu was true, but it was not "clarified". Intermarriage, serving in the service of the big family, but already paid, this point, I am afraid it is very different from before liberation.After the revolution, I didn't go back to Shaoxing for a long time. I don't know how they are. Thinking about it, it's the same as it was thirty years ago.

two However, Yu Zhengxie's praise of the merits of the Qing Dynasty cannot but be taken for granted.He was born in the 40th year of Qianlong. By the time he was in his prime and even in his later years, the blood traces of Wen, Zi, Prison had disappeared, and the fierce flames of the Manchurians had eased. The strategy has already been collected and completed, and what is left is only "merits and virtues".I don't think he may have seen the banned books at that time.Don't talk about anything else now, just looking at the means of the Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties against Chinese writings is enough to be thrilling. Destroying all, removing, destroying, gouging out, and the like. Not to mention, the most insidious thing is to delete and change the contents of ancient books.The compilation of the "Siku Quanshu" in the Qianlong Dynasty was praised by many people as a great achievement of a generation, but they not only messed up the format of the ancient books, but also revised the articles of the ancients; The place, so that the world's scholars will read, never, will, feel, get, we, our, China, the author, the inside, the face, also, once, once, have, have, very A person with some backbone. (These two sentences were changed by the order of the official to "never see the bottom line.")

Since Jiaqing and Daoguang, the atmosphere of cherishing the Song and Yuan editions has gradually flourished, and Emperor Qianlong's "sacred concerns" have not been realized. Many books that shadow the Song and Yuan editions or correct the Song and Yuan editions have been published, which exposed the conspiracy at that time.What first inspired me were the two volumes of "Maoting Kehua" [15] in the "Linlang Secret Room Series". There are often differences, and it must be about the location of "Huayi".This must have been deleted from the Siku edition; now that Lianying Song edition's "Maoting Kehua" has also been published, it is more solid evidence, but if you don't read it with the Siku edition, you will have no way of knowing the conspiracy at that time. I read "Linlang Secret Room Series" in the library. I don't have it myself, and it is too expensive to buy it now, so I can't give examples.But there is an easier way.

The newly published "Sequel to the Four Series" [16] should naturally be said to be a new antique book, but it contains the case file of the Manchu assassination of Chinese works.For example, Song Hongmai's "Rongzhai Essays" to "Wubi" [17] are printed editions of the Song Dynasty and Ming movable type. According to the postscript of Zhang Yuanji [18], three of them are not in the engraved editions of the Qing Dynasty.What kind of articles are deleted?In order to save paper and ink, here is only an excerpt of "The Suffering of Beidi Captives" in the third volume of "Rongzhai Sanbi"-"Yuan and Wei broke Jiangling, and all the captured soldiers and people were slaves, regardless of high or low, covering the northern barbarians. The same is true of the vulgar. Since Jingkang, those who were trapped in gold captives, the emperor's sons and grandsons, and the families of officials and officials, have never served as slaves and maids to make offerings. Each person has five buckets of weeds in a month, and they are ordered to pound them into rice. One bucket and eight liters are used for grain; five handfuls of hemp are ordered to be used as fur. Besides, there is no money or silk. If a man cannot be arrested, he will be naked throughout the year. If he is captured or mourned, he will be ordered to hold the scorpion. , although the fire is heated from time to time, and then go out to fetch firewood, sit by the fire again, the skin and flesh will fall off, and die soon. But I like to have crafts, such as medical embroidery, and usually just sit on the ground in order to lose The mat or the reeds are used as a backdrop, and the guests are met until the feast is opened, and the noh musicians are invited to perform their skills.

The Qing Dynasty not only concealed its cruelty from itself, but also covered up their cruelty for the Jin people.According to this article, it can be seen that it is not true that Yu Zhengxie was included in the list of benevolent monarchs in the Jin Dynasty. They just swept away the distinction between master and slave in the Song Dynasty, and they were all slaves, while he was the master.However, this collation is based on the engraved version of the Qing Dynasty bookstore, and it is not known whether the Siku version is also the same.To be more convincing, there is also an old copy of the "Songshan Anthology" [19] written by Song Chao, which is also an old manuscript in the "Sequel to the Four Series". In comparison, to see the real evidence, here are a few excerpts below, most of which are deleted or revised, and the meaning is completely different, as if Song Chenchao said that he was already trembling at the Jinren, and he was afraid of offending him. —Old manuscripts

The gold thieves reprimanded the ignorance of my ministers in the frontier and the field, so they rushed to the north of the river and snaked to the east of the river. Violating the great prohibition of Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period, using a hundred horses to defeat the generals, Although the gold thief is not a human being, the dog and hog also have the name of falling tiles and terror, Gu Fu's fear! How can I take it and annihilate it. During Emperor Taizong's time, Jurchen was trapped in the three barriers of Khitan, and it was very humble to sue and beg for help.don't dare to stare at me The land of the country is also today. Forbearance to abandon the emperor's son to the Hulu? He Ze: It is the nature of dogs, sheep, barking, barking, and gnawing that barbarians and dislikes are happy to annex and struggle with each other.Only the rich perish first. There are a hundred or ten tents of the Yi and Di clan in ancient and modern times, the size of which can be seen in the annals of history, and one or two of them survive today, all of which are distinguished by their wealth. Those who perish from the bottom are also.Today, the clown will perish without reaching the sun, which is unnatural. Removal of China's Clothes and Crowns, Restoration of Yi and Di's Siku Version The Jin people harassed our borderlands, and the border towns denounced the unknown, so they drove to Hebei for a long time, and tied the river to the East. For the great shame of the subjects above and below, With hundreds of horses, Liao Xiao will be defeated, Although the Jin people are very powerful, they show them the majesty and strictness, Gu Fu is afraid! So I can take it. During Emperor Taizong's time, Jurchen was trapped in the three gates of Khitan, sued and begged for help, and made up very well.It doesn't mean that it will cause disasters, even today. Forbearance to abandon the emperor's son in a different place? (none) So he wanted to revenge, and his attitude of bullying was unbridled. Take the granddaughters and sisters of the old Xiang's family, tie the horse and go away, and serve in the tent, far and near are timid, and there is no time to chill. meaning. Therefore, all the relatives, old and young, abandoned their homes and left. After burning and plundering, they were terrified far and near, and had no time to chill. That is to say, from these few articles, it can be seen that "thief", "captive" and "dog and sheep" are taboo; it is taboo to say that the Jin people's prostitution and plundering; This is a word opposite to "Yi Di", which can easily arouse racial thoughts.However, the copyists and readers of the "Songshan Anthology" did not correct themselves, and the old texts still exist, so that we can see Chao's true face. Speaking of it now, it can be regarded as "relieving resentment". . Some textual research experts in the Qing Dynasty said, "Ming people liked to engrave ancient books, but ancient books died" (20) because they made corrections indiscriminately.I think that after this, the Qing people compiled the "Siku Quanshu" and the ancient books died, because they messed up the old style and deleted the original text; The three major disasters other than water, fire, soldiers and insects. three The resurgence of resentment towards the Qing Dynasty probably began in Guangxuzhong, but in the literary world, I have not checked who is the "culprit".Mr. Taiyan is famous for his brave generals, but in the unrevised version of his "Xi Shu" [21], he also admitted that the Manchus could rule China, and they were called "Ke Emperors", compared with Ying Qin's "Guest Qing" [22].However, in short, by the end of Guangxu, reprinted ancient books that were not conducive to the Qing Dynasty appeared one after another; Mr. Taiyan also corrected the "Kedi" theory himself, and in the reprinted "Xi Shu", "delete and save this article" ; Later, this book was renamed "Inspection", but I don't know whether it is still the same way.Some of the students studying in Japan also searched the library for documents from the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties that could advocate revolution.At that time, there was "Han Sheng", which was a supplement to "Hubei Student Circle" [23], and it was inscribed on the face with a line from the "Selected Works" of the four-sentence collection: "Express the accumulated thoughts of nostalgia, express the deep feelings of nostalgia", No. I can't remember the three sentences, but the fourth sentence is "the voice of the heavens that vibrates the great man".There is no such thing as past and present, and this kind of literature must always be copied in foreign libraries. I grew up in a remote area, and I didn't know what Man-Han was. I only saw the words "Man-Han Banquet" on the signboards of restaurants, and it never aroused any doubts.It is common to hear people tell stories about "this dynasty". There are very few people talking about the grand event, and the most is "hitting long hair".There is an old female worker in my family. She was already more than ten years old when she said that there were long hairs. She told me the most stories about long hairs. One is naturally "long-haired", one is "short-haired", and the other is "flowery-haired" [25].It was only later that I realized that the latter two were actually officers and soldiers, but in the experience of fooling the people, they were no different from the long-haired ones.It was a few scholars who pointed out to me the abhorrence of long hair; I have several county annals in my family, and when I opened them by chance, there were one or two volumes of rosters of martyrs and martyrs who were martyred at that time, and several members of the same clan were killed. , and later named "Hereditary Yunqiwei" [26], so I definitely determined that long hair is abominable.However, the so-called "mind is like a wave" [27], after a long time, because of my own experience and the testimony of the female workers, I was not sure whether the murderers of those martyrs and martyrs were long-haired, or "short-haired" and "short-haired" Flower green head".I really envy the happiness of the sage who "forty without confusion" [28]. It was the braids, not the books, that first reminded me of the boundary between Man and Han.This braid was cut off many heads of our ancients, so it was planted[29]. By the time I had knowledge, everyone had forgotten the history of blood, and thought that it was long hair if it was all kept, and it was like a monk if it was all shaved. , You must shave a little and leave a little to be considered a decent person.Moreover, we have to play tricks from the braids: the clown tie a knot and insert a paper flower to make jokes; he opens his mouth to jump (30) hangs the pigtails on the iron pole, and slowly smokes to show his skills; , as long as he shakes his head and slaps it, the braid will jump up and coil on the top of his head, so he wants to use Guan Wangdao.And it is also practical: you can pull it out when fighting, and it is extremely difficult to break free; you can pull it when catching people, saving the rope.In Wu Youru's "Scenic Scenery of Shenjiang" [31], there is a picture of the interrogation court, and there is an image of a policeman pulling the prisoner's braid, but this is already counted as a "scenic scene". It’s okay to live in a remote area, but once you arrive in Shanghai, you will inevitably hear a foreign saying: Pig-tail——pig’s tail.I haven't heard this sentence for a long time now, and the meaning seems to be nothing more than saying that people have pig tails on their heads. In today's Shanghai, the Chinese themselves call each other "pigs" when they bicker, and they should be more polite. Far.However, the young people at that time seemed to have less self-cultivation than now, and they did not understand "humor", so it sounds really harsh.Moreover, the appearance of the braids, which have a history of more than two hundred years, gradually felt unsightly. They neither left all the braids nor shaved them all. So that others can pull the handle.I finally feel disgusted with it, I think it is just human nature, don't have to refer to why take what what place where the east and west, lost what. What · S · base · the · theory · theory · the [32]. (These two sentences were changed to "not surprising" by the official decree.) My braid stayed in Japan, half of it was given to a maid in the inn to make a wig, and half was given to the barber. I came back to my hometown in the early years of Xuantong.When you arrive in Shanghai, you first have to pretend to have braids.At that time, there was an expert in Shanghai who specialized in fake braids, and the price was 4 yuan each, out of the ordinary. His name was probably known to overseas students at that time.It's really ingenious, as long as others don't pay attention, there will be no mistakes, but if people know that you are an overseas student and pay attention to research, it will be full of loopholes.In summer, hats are not allowed, and it is not good; it is not good to prevent crowding or crowding in crowds.After putting it on for more than a month, I thought, if it fell off on the road or was pulled off by someone, wouldn’t it be more ugly than without braids?Simply stop pretending, as the sage said: a person must be truthful. But the real price is really not cheap. When I go out, the treatment I receive on the road is completely different from before.I used to think that visiting friends and being guests was the only way to get paid, but only now did I realize that the same way you get paid along the way.The best is to stare blankly, but most of them are to sneer and curse.The small one said that they stole other people's women, because at that time when the adulterer was caught, he was always the first to cut off his braid. I still don't understand why; ".I think that if a person without a nose walks on the street, he may not suffer so much. If there is no shadow, then he may also be punished by society in this way. In the first year I returned to China, I worked as a teacher in Hangzhou, and I could still be regarded as a foreign devil if I wore foreign clothes. In the second year, I returned to my hometown of Shaoxing Middle School to work as a supervisor, but I couldn’t even wear foreign clothes, because many people knew me. No matter how I dress, I can still be regarded as a person who "knows a foreign country". Therefore, the disaster I suffered from having no braids was the first in my hometown.In particular, we should be careful about the eyes of the Manchurian prefect of Shaoxing. Whenever he comes to school, he always likes to look at my short hair and talk to me a lot. Among the students, there was a sudden trend of cutting braids, and many of them wanted to cut off their braids.I quickly forbid.They raised their representatives and asked: Is it better to have braids or not?My quick answer is: No braids are good, but I advise you not to cut them.None of the students have ever said that I have "excellence in foreign countries", but since then, they have given me a conclusion of "inconsistent words and deeds", which is despised. "Words and deeds are consistent", of course, it is very valuable, and now, in the so-called literature, learning, home, and also There are people who are proud of this point, [33] ·But they don't know. They cut the braids, and the value will be concentrated on the head. ·Xuan·Ting·Mouth is not far away from Shao·Xing·Middle School, just·is·Qiu·Jin·Miss·sister·is·right·place,·they·they·often ·Go, ·but ·forgot ·. "Isn't it so happy!" - On Double Tenth in 1911, and later Shaoxing also hoisted the white flag, which was considered a revolution. I think the biggest benefit of the revolution is that I can never forget it. He held his head high and walked slowly on the street without hearing any more taunting.A few old friends who also didn't have braids came from the countryside. When they met, they rubbed their bald heads and laughed from the bottom of their hearts: Haha, this day is finally here. · If · If · There · People · Want · I · Praise · Revolution · Revolution · Merit · Virtue, · With " · Shu · Resentment · Resentment", · Well, · I · First · First · Want · Say · The·is·is·cut·braid·zi. Four However, there is still a minor disturbance in braids, that is Zhang Xun's "restoration". If you are not careful, braids can be planted again. I have seen his braided soldiers deploying defenses outside Beijing. For people without braids It's really arrogance.Fortunately, it failed in a few days, so that we can still cut short, separate, drape, and roll... Zhang Xun's name has faded, and the "restoration" incident has gradually been forgotten. But it seems that it has not been seen in his works, which shows that he has not been noticed for a long time.Now, even braids are becoming rarer and rarer, and they will be listed with Zhou Ding Shangyi, and they are gradually eligible to be sold to foreigners. I also love to look at paintings, especially figures.For Chinese paintings, square scarves and robes, or short brown knots, I have never seen a braid that I remember; for foreign paintings, I have never seen a braid that I remember.This time I saw several pen drawings and woodcut portraits of Ah Q, and only then did I encounter braids in art, but none of them were born properly.Thinking about it, it's no wonder that today's young people in their twenties are born in the Republic of China, even if they are thirty years old, they were only four or five years old in the era of braids. Of course, they don't know the details of braids. ·Then, my "························································································································································································· across········································· Di······················································ Excitement, emotion, emotion, joy, joy, sorrow, sorrow.December seventeenth. A week ago, I talked about the poem of the second daughter of the Tie family in "Miscellaneous Talks After Illness".According to Hang Shijun, Qian Qianyi edited it in Liechao Poetry Collection[35], but I don’t have this book, so I only quoted Dingyileibian to complete the work.Today, Peng Sunyi, a follower of the Ming Dynasty, published his "Ming Zhai Ji" [36] in the "Sequel to the Four Series Series", and the "Ming Poetry Notes" is attached later, but there are poems by the eldest daughter of the Tie family in it.Now I will copy it here, and put the difference between Fan Changqi's original work and the so-called iron girl's poem below in brackets for comparison.From this point of view, the forger actually just changed one sentence, and changed one or two characters in each sentence. ——Poetry offered by Jiaofang Jiaofang's powder (fallen registration) washes away the lead, and a leisurely (spring) heart faces the falling flowers. The old songs sound like (empty) with hatred, and I have (but) no home after returning to my hometown.The cloud girl is half-armed (Xin) before makeup (green) mirror, rain and tears flow (frequently bombarded) wet crimson gauze.Today I met Bai Sima (Ande Jiangzhou Sima Zai), respecting the front and respecting (for Fu) the pipa. However, Yu Zhengxie’s "Guisi Lei Manuscript" is also based on Mao Dafangxi Dong Ji, saying that "Tie Gong’s wife and daughter died with death" [37]; Without a daughter, it has become a mystery.Two short-sighted people talked about the writing on Bian's forehead, and after a debate, they didn't even put Bian's forehead on it, which could have been a fact.However, I think the theory of the iron wife's death and martyrdom is just whitewashing. According to "Historical Materials of Hezhou Prefecture", the memorials and edicts exist, and Wang Shizhen dare not fabricate them. If Tie Xuan really did not have a daughter, or if he did have a daughter but actually committed suicide, then this fictional story can also give a glimpse of social psychology.That is: in the victim's family, being without a daughter is not as interesting as having one, and committing suicide is not as interesting as being in a church; Ordinary women are different. They are matched with scholars because of their poems.This is completely consistent with the formula of Xiaosheng being in trouble, being imprisoned and beaten, and finally winning the number one prize. The night of the 23rd, addendum. CC [1] This article was originally published in March 1935, No. 3, Volume 4, of the monthly "Literature" magazine. When it was published, the title was changed to "Talks After Illness", and the subtitle was also deleted.See the "Appendix" of this book. 〔2〕Duanyi was born in Putian, Fujian Province during the Song Dynasty, and was a Jinshi in the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty.He is the author of "Kaoting Yuanyuanlu", "Lizhaixianlu" and so on. "Li Zhai Xianlu", four volumes, is based on the epitaphs of the Ming Dynasty and the notes of Shuobu Miscellaneous Records, from the first year of Taizu Wu to Yingzong Tianshun (1367-1464).In Lu Xun's family's collection is the copy of "Guochao Allusions", the first two volumes of which remain. [3] See "Book of Rites · Qu Li" for the phrase "property is not inferior to ordinary people". [4] "Hui Ke Bibliography" compiled by Wang Yirong in the Qing Dynasty, with a total of 20 volumes, is a recompilation of Gu Xiu's original edition and Zhu Ai's updated edition. More than one species.Later, there were "Xuhui engraved bibliography", "Xubuhui engraved bibliography", "Zaixu Buhui engraved bibliography" and so on. 〔5〕 "Gonggui Secret Code" is "Huangming Palace Boudoir Secret Code", also known as "Zhuo Zhong Zhi", written by Liu Ruoyu in the Ming Dynasty, a total of 24 volumes, describing the inside story of the court when the eunuch Wei Zhongxian was in power at the end of the Ming Dynasty. [6] Fu Mou refers to Fu Zengxiang (1872-1949), courtesy name Uncle Yuan, a bibliophile from Jiang'an, Sichuan.He once served as the chief education officer of the Beiyang government.He is the author of "Tibetan Garden Qunshu Inscription" and so on. [7] "Yongle Shilu" was compiled by Yang Shiqi and others in the Ming Dynasty, with a total of 130 volumes; "Ming History·Yiwenzhi" was "Chengzu Shilu". 〔8〕 "Anhui Series" edited by the Anhui Series Editing Committee, a total of four episodes, the content is a collection of Anhui people's works, published successively from 1932 to 1935. 〔9〕Yu Zhengxie, styled Lichu, was born in Yixian County, Anhui Province, and was a scholar in the Qing Dynasty.He is the author of "Guisi Lei Manuscript", "Guisi Cun Manuscript", "Si Yang Zhai Poetry Manuscript" and so on. "Guisi Lei Manuscript", a total of fifteen volumes, was engraved in Daoguang Guisi (1833). Draft "Volume 12.This book included in "Anhui Series" is an updated version of the author in his later years. [10] Wang Shizhen (1526-1590), styled Yuanmei, named Fengzhou, nicknamed Hezhou Shanren, was born in Taicang (now part of Jiangsu), a writer of the Ming Dynasty.The official went to Shangshu of the Ministry of punishment in Nanjing.He is the author of "Four Manuscripts of Shanren in Hejiaozhou", "Four Collections of Shanren in Hejiao" and so on. "Historical Materials of Heluzhou", compiled by Dong Fubiao in the Ming Dynasty, was compiled by collecting records about the ruling and opposition parties in Wang Shizhen's works. There are 30 volumes in the first collection and 70 volumes in the second collection. [11] Qi Tai was born in Lishui, Jiangsu, Minister of the Ministry of Officers and Soldiers; Huang Zicheng below is from Fenyiren in Jiangxi Province, the official Tai Changqing; Mao Dafang, from Taixing, Jiangsu, the official and deputy capital censor.They were all ministers loyal to Emperor Jianwen, and Yongle was killed when he ascended the throne. [12] Lazy people are also called fallen people, and they were called beggar households in the Ming Dynasty. In the first year of Emperor Yongzheng (1723) of the Qing Dynasty, the "beggar status" of lazy people was abolished.The Jiaofang was abolished in the seventh year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1729).Female music was abolished in the 16th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1659). 〔13〕 "Shu Angry" Ban Gu in the Han Dynasty wrote an article "Dian Yin", praising the merits of the imperial court. The small quotation before the article said: "Although the stolen "Dian Yin" is less than one ten thousandth of the grace and prosperity, it still inspires anger. Man, awakened to childhood, glorified the great man, anecdotal to the previous generation; then retreated into the ditch, died and immortal." "Shu resentment" is what Ban Gu said "inspired resentment". 〔14〕"Isn't it too happy!" Jin Shengtan said in the beginning of the "Kaoyan" chapter of the seventh volume of "Shengtan Waishu" he criticized: "I used to live with the same guest in Yajin Mountain, and it rained for ten days. I am bored, because I made an appointment to gamble and talk about happy things, so as to break the accumulated boredom." The following is a record of thirty-three "happy things", each of which ends with the phrase "not too happy". 〔15〕 "Linlang Secret Room Series" Qing Dynasty Hu Ting school magazine.There are five collections in total, with a total of thirty-six kinds, and the collections are mainly books on anecdotes, sayings, and Buddhism. "Maoting Kehua", written by Huang Xiufu in the Song Dynasty, has ten volumes in total, and the content is to record miscellaneous affairs in central Shu from the Five Dynasties to the time of Song Zhenzong (about the tenth century AD). 〔16〕Sequel to "Sibu Series" is a continuation of the series "Sibu Series" edited and photocopied by the Commercial Press, with a total of 81 titles and 500 volumes. [17] Hong Mai (1123-1202), styled Jinglu, was born in Poyang (now Boyang, Jiangxi), a writer of the Song Dynasty. "Rongzhai Essays", "Continued Pen", "Three Bi", "Si Bi" have sixteen volumes each, and "Wu Bi" has ten volumes, which are notes on classics, history, literature and art, anecdotes, etc. 〔18〕Zhang Yuanji (1867-1959), styled Jusheng, was born in Haiyan, Zhejiang, and was the director of the Compilation Office of the Shanghai Commercial Press.He is the author of "School History Essays", "Sheyuan Preface and Postscript Collection" and so on. "Five Collections of Rongzhai Essays" has a postscript written by Zhang Yuanji in 1934, which says: "The square engravings in the Qing Dynasty, the nine ques of "Essays" and the "Wuhu Luanhua" one, the three ques of "Sanbi" volume " One article on the Suffering of Beidi Captives, and one article on Juan Wuque, "The King of Beilu Zhuzong". At that time, the words Hu and Lu were taboo, and the publishers were afraid of being banned, so they were deleted." 〔19〕Chao Shuozhi (1059-1129) was born in Qingfeng (now Hebei) and was a writer in Song Dynasty.He is the author of "Songshan Anthology", "Chao Shi Hakyu" and so on. "Songshan Anthology", twenty volumes, is his collection of poems and essays, and "Negative Salary" is contained in volume three. 〔20〕"Ming people liked to engrave ancient books, but ancient books died." In Qing Dynasty Lu Xinyuan's "Yi Gu Tang Inscriptions and Postscripts", Volume 1 "Six Classics Elegant Words and Diagrams and Postscripts", he said this about the Ming people's reckless alteration of ancient books: " This is probably the case with the handicrafts of the Ming Dynasty. The so-called engraved books are also dead books. 〔21〕 "Xu Shu" Zhang Taiyan's early academic treatise, the woodcut edition was published in 1899.When it was revised and published in 1902, the author deleted articles such as "Ke Di" that were tinged with reformism, and added papers promoting the anti-Qing revolution. ", "Yuanjiao", "History of Ai Qing", "Xie Braided Hair" and other articles, a total of 63 articles. There are two "Qianlu" at the beginning of the volume: "Kedi Kuangmi" and "Fenzhen Kuangmi".And at the end of the article "Ke Di Kuang Mi" said: "Yu Ziwu and himself went against difficulties and traveled with those who respected the Qing, and wrote "Ke Di" to pretend to be a careless heart, abandoning the original and worshiping religion, which is far from the situation... Writing it for self-impeachment, recording and deleting it is an article." When the author added and deleted again in 1914, he deleted the two articles of "Qianlu" and "Jieweifa", and changed the title of the book to "Xianlun" . 〔22〕"Keqing" During the Warring States period, a certain vassal state appointed people from other countries to hold official positions, and they were called Keqing.For example, Li Si, the prime minister of Qin Shihuang, was from Chu. 〔23〕"Hubei Student World" is a monthly magazine sponsored by Hubei students who studied in Japan in the late Qing Dynasty.In May of the same year, another volume of "Leap Month Supplement" was compiled, titled "Old Learning", and on the back of the title page was printed a sentence from "Selected Works" collected by Liang Xiaotong of the Southern Dynasty: "The memory of nostalgia, the nostalgia of the past; the mystery of the ancestors Spirit, Vibrating the Heavenly Voice of the Great Han", the first two sentences can be found in "Westu Fu" by Ban Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Volume 1 of "Selected Works", and the last two sentences can be found in "Feng Yanran Mountain Ming" by Ban Gu in Volume 56 of the same book. [24] Emperor Qianlong visited the south of the Qing Dynasty during his sixty-year reign (1736-1795). He toured the south of the Yangtze River six times. Minister Yin Huiyi, who came back from studying Jiangsu, said: "The last two tours to the south, the people suffered and complained." [25] "Long Mao" refers to the army of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Uprising.In order to resist the decree of the Qing government to shave and keep braids, they all keep their hair without braids, so they are called "long hair". "Short hair" refers to officers and soldiers of the Qing Dynasty who shaved their hair. "Hualutou" refers to the French and British imperialist troops who helped the Qing government suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.In the fourth volume of "Talking about Zhejiang" by Xu Yaoguang in the Qing Dynasty, "Talking about foreign soldiers": "French soldiers use flowered cloth to wrap their heads, while British soldiers use green cloth, so they are called green head and flower head cloud." [26] "Hereditary Yunqiwei" Yunqiwei is the official name.The Tang, Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties all had this name; the Qing Dynasty considered it a hereditary position, the last level of the world position.Those who died in battle were conferred titles ranging from Lieutenant Yunqi to Lieutenant Qingche and Yiyunqiwei. 〔27〕 "Things in the heart are like waves" is a sentence in Li He, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, in "Shen Huzi Xizhu Song". 〔28〕"Forty without confusion" Confucius' words, see "The Analects of Confucius Weizheng", according to Zhu Xi's "Ji Zhu", "no confusion" means "no doubt about everything". 〔29〕Manchu old customs, men shave their hair and hang their braids (shave the front of the head, and the back of the braid hangs behind the head).In 1644 (the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty and the first year in Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty), after the Qing soldiers entered the customs and established the capital in Beijing, they ordered to shave their hair and hang down their braids, but it was suspended due to the opposition of the people in various places and the uncertain situation.After the capture of Nanjing in May of the following year, a strict hair-shaving order was issued, which was limited to ten days after the announcement, "do all the shaving (shaving) of hair, those who obey are the people of our country, and those who hesitate are the bandits who rebelled against fate", such as "the The people in the designated places still maintain the Ming system, and those who do not follow the system of this dynasty will be killed without mercy!" This event caused widespread resistance from people everywhere, and many people were killed. 〔30〕The common name of Wu Chou in traditional operas. [31] Wu Youru (?—ca. 1893), named You, also known as Jiayou, styled Youru, was born in Yuanhe (now Wu County), Jiangsu, a painter in the late Qing Dynasty. "Scenery of Shengjiang River" is divided into two volumes, published in the tenth year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1884).The joint trial court, that is, the joint trial court, was the judicial organ in the Shanghai Concession in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Chinese and foreign judges jointly tried cases of mutual accusations between Chinese and foreigners in the concession. 〔32〕Take something from somewhere and get lost in it. The theory of the Kuomintang refers to the theory that the Kuomintang reactionaries slandered progressives for taking rubles and believing in the Russians. "Sky" is the ending of a common surname in Russia. [33] refers to Shi Zhecun.In "I and Classical Chinese" published in the fifth volume of the fifth volume of the "Modern" monthly magazine (September 1934), he once said: "In the thirty years since I was born, except for the naive and ignorant era, I am confident in my thoughts and ideas. Words and deeds are consistent." [34] Zhang Xun (1854-1923) Jiangxi Fengxin, Beiyang warlord.He was originally the admiral of the Qing Dynasty. After the founding of the Republic of China, he and his officers and soldiers still wore braids to express their loyalty to the Qing Dynasty.一九一七年十月一日他在北京扶持清废帝溥仪复辟，七月十二日即告失败。 〔３５〕钱谦益（１５８２—１６６４）字受之，号牧斋，常熟（今属江苏）人。明崇祯时任礼部侍郎。清军占领南京时，他首先迎降，因此为人所鄙视。著有《初学集》、《有学集》等。《列朝诗集》是他选辑的明诗的总集，共六集，计八十一卷；铁氏二女诗载闰集卷四中。〔３６〕彭孙贻（１６１５—１６７３）字仲谋，号茗斋，浙江海盐人。明代选贡生，明亡后闭门不出。著有《茗斋集》、《茗香堂史论》等。《茗斋集》是他的诗词集，共二十三卷；所附《明诗钞》共九卷，铁氏长女诗载卷五中。 〔３７〕俞正燮在《除乐户丐户籍及女乐考附古事》一文中引永乐上谕后的小注说：“大芳有《希董集》，言妻张氏及女媳皆死于井，未就逮；书藏其家。又铁公妻女亦以死殉，与此不同。”