Chapter 34 academic conscience or academic ethics

"Academic conscience", it seems that no one has used such a word before, so I should be regarded as the "instigator".However, if "conscience" is the "nature" in the Confucian school of Mencius who said "human nature is inherently good", I don't believe in such a "conscience".Human beings are the same as other creatures, their "nature" is the "nature" of "food, sex, and sex"; their essence is to first survive, second to have food and clothing, and third to develop.A person's life is a life of fighting against this instinct.Some people are victorious, that is to say, they want to live by themselves and let others live, and they are qualified people.The higher the degree of letting others live, that is, the higher the degree of thinking about others, the higher his "goodness" or "goodness". "It's better for me to bear the people of the world than to let the world bear me." He is an out-and-out bad person. Unfortunately, such people are not uncommon in ancient and modern China and abroad.Some people want to ask: Since you do not admit that human nature is inherently good, where does your idea come from?I do not yet have a fully satisfactory explanation of this question.The word "Xi" in the above two sentences "similar in nature, far away in learning" seems to be able to answer this question.One passes through the stage of infancy, consciously or unconsciously, feeling that human beings must be interdependent in order to survive.If a person only thinks of himself, or thinks of himself absolutely, then it is difficult for society to exist, and as a result no one can survive.

This is going too far, let's talk about "academic conscience" or academic ethics.The academic coverage is huge, and arts, science, engineering, agriculture, and medicine are all academic.Human society cannot be without academics, without academics, human society cannot advance, and human welfare cannot be improved; everyone wants to live a better life, and the role of academics is to help people achieve this goal.It is often said that academics are honest things and cannot be adulterated.Through individual efforts or collective efforts, and honest learning, the results obtained must be realistic.To do so is to have an academic conscience.Plagiarizing other people's achievements, or distorting the truth of research and falsifying research data in order to create new theories or schools of thought for fame.This is an out-and-out academic liar.Internationally and domestically, such liars are not uncommon.Such a deception will never be concealed for a long time, and one day the truth will be revealed to the world.There are precedents for this in many countries.Once the truth is exposed, it is despised by scholars, so there have been suicides.This kind of academic liar has existed since ancient times, and the terrible thing is that it is still fierce today.We have heard of major plagiarism cases in our academic and literary circles from time to time, and we must take them as a warning.

Such a blatant deception is of course absolutely unacceptable.There are also some surreptitious little deceptions, which cannot but arouse our vigilance.There are quite a variety of small scams, and the most important ones include the following: listening to teachers in class, listening to lecturers in public academic reports, reading other people's opinions when reading books and magazines, thinking that they are useful or Interesting, so I write an article by myself, without mentioning the name of the teacher, the speaker, or the author, as if he himself is the creator, and uses it to deceive the world. Such examples are not uncommon.Someone else told him a point of view in the conversation, and he took it for himself.This is behavior without academic conscience or academic ethics.

I can honestly say that I have never committed any of the above big or small scams, and I will never do them in the future. Here I would like to add some features of the orthodox style of study in the Qing Dynasty mentioned by Liang Qichao in his "Introduction to Academics in the Qing Dynasty": "It is considered immoral to conceal evidence or distort evidence." "Anyone who adopts the old theory , it must be clearly cited, and it is said to be immoral." This is exactly the same as the academic ethics I talked about above (Liang Qichao's "morality").It can be seen that scholars in the Qing Dynasty attached great importance to academic ethics.

In addition, Liang Qichao also cited a feature in his letter: "Single evidence is not a definitive statement. If there is no counter-evidence, it will be preserved. If there is continued evidence, it will be gradually believed. If there is strong counter-evidence, it will be discarded." It can be added here, It can also be supplemented in the previous section. 1997