Chapter 103 "Da Zhong Ji" recorded by Xu Dishan

"Da Zhong Ji" recorded by Xu Dishan More than 30 years ago, Mr. Xu Dishan proofread and published the "Da Zhong Ji", which is still a It is a useful book for reference.This book has a subtitle: "Sino-British Negotiations Before the Opium War "Historical materials", which are related to the collection of the Bodleian Library in the school during his study abroad at Oxford University. It was compiled from the historical materials of negotiations between Britain and the Manchu Qing Dynasty.The source is that the East India Company branched out in Guangzhou

Old letters and some copies of official correspondence in the archives of the company, which were donated to the University of Oxford library. Mr. Xu Dishan's banknotes are only a very small part of them, all of which are from the Guangzhou Branch of the East India Company. There are also some private correspondence between the Secretary and the Manchu and Qing government.The latter than The former is more interesting, because some of them are actually the contacts between these British cigarette merchants and private lords and treacherous people along the coast. Message correspondence.

These materials were originally banknoteed into two volumes. Except for the original titles of each piece, naturally there will be no summary. name. The source of the title of the book "Da Zhong Ji" is that Mr. Xu Dishan discovered that there is a document called He adopted "Dazhong Collection" as the published catalog of "Catalogue of Letters and Letters of Letters and Documents of Letters and Documents of Dazhong Concentration" book title. "Da Zhong Ji" is divided into two volumes, the main content is the Hu Xiami, a British ship owner who traded, and the documents he communicated with Manchu and Qing officials and merchants along the way, reflect that he passed through Xiamen,

Incidents caused by Fuzhou, Ningbo, Shanghai and other places.Another part of the content is that British businessmen are Documents that the state has negotiated with local officials and businessmen over the years, such as British sailors killing Chinese, British merchant ships Parking not in accordance with regulations, and communication of laws and other negotiations.Time went through the Qianlong and Jialin period of the Qing Dynasty. In the three dynasties of Qing Dynasty and Daoguang Dynasty, the two homicides of Huang Yasheng and Jiang Yayou killed by the sailors of the Ruying ship all happened.

Born in the Jiaqing Dynasty, the incident of Hu Xiami is a matter of the Daoguang Dynasty. Among the materials of Hu Xiami's relevant departments, several letters were written to him by smugglers and traitors in the Mainland Some of them informed him of the news, and some contacted him about the method of smuggling opium goods.read it now, It is not only shocking, but also has a sense of past and present, because some letters seem to be the same as before. Minions and scoundrels come to their masters for informative letters. For example, a traitor wrote to inform Hu Xiami: "The special word informs the owner of the ship in your boat that you should enter the five tigers and not enter Fujian.

town mouth.There are more than a thousand officers and soldiers in the Gongshen Pagoda (should be Luoxing Pagoda), ambush on all sides, and destroy You are a big boat.The Ru boat cannot be preserved. I heard in the Futai yamen the day before yesterday that the upper edition of the two courts and the The emperor knows.Don't enter Min'an, for fear of nine deaths and no life, it will be too late to regret.My ancestors' ocean ships were offended by the wind, Hit Rugui country, labor Rugui country subsidy, send back.My kindness has not been repaid to you, so I send you a good martial artist.

A box of Yiyan tea, there is nowhere to buy silver. " This traitor, who was rescued by a British ship for the sake of his ancestors perishing at sea, now sells For military news, a box of "Superior Wuyi Rock Tea" will also be included as a gift.It can be said to be ridiculous. Another traitor wrote to Hu Xiami to find a way for him to ensure that the ships could be imported and bought Sell ​​it, and draw up a letter to the government on his behalf.The title of this letter is "Letter from a Traitor to the Owner of the British Ship", The notes are in the "Fujian Events" section of the "Da Zhong Ji" volume.The original letter said:

"Recently, I heard that the treasure ships arrived at our border, and the defenses at all the gates were very strict. I have a word to tell you. Do you know?If you listen to me, it is allowed to import and sell goods.I made a letter of prostration for you and sent it to you. You must bring people into the province by small boat, and deliver them under the command of the general of Fuzhou Province.Governor of Fukuoka Members, but the general likes British ships to enter the customs most, and the tax regulations for selling goods are collected by the general.your ship arrives I'm in Fuzhou, and I'll make an appointment for you. I don't know if it will help? "

The following is the post written by the traitor on behalf of Hu Xiami.This letter of his and the proposed letter on his behalf, Among the papers that have been banknoted, the writing is relatively fluent. It can be seen that he has read books for several years, and And according to the last sentence of the letter: "Your ship has arrived in Fuzhou, and I will make an appointment for you. I don't know if it will be useful?" It seems that he may have read foreign books.Then he "learned the Xianbei language", so it was used as such The "stepping stone" is too unpromising!

The most interesting thing is that there is a guy who calls himself "Sanshan Juren" and has repeatedly written to Hu Shami.At first, I sent a message to Hu Xiami, and wanted to send him a "map of inland river water", but later, I wanted to send him a picture of the river. See, I borrowed money from him in the letter to go to Beijing to take the exam, and it was extremely unbearable.Unofficial Notes Discussing Current Events This scum has been mentioned time and time again.Several of his letters are collected in "Da Zhong Ji". One letter addressed to the "Great Shipowner of Great Britain" begins:

"Special text notice. I have a map of the inland river for you to know. I went to the province to inquire about it the day before, and now Futai General (should be accurate) Gongxin Pagoda (should be Luoxing Pagoda) place, store artillery to hit your whole ship..." This "Sanshan Juren" is poorly written, and there are many words in Hokkien mixed in the letter. The dialect is incomprehensible to read.Mr. Xu Dishan has expended a lot of energy to explain to him, here is no longer banknotes.After he wrote a few letters to please Hu Xiami, he asked him for help.he In a letter said: "Master Hu Xiami of the Great Britain, the owner of the ship, the treasure boat is returning home, and I am here to see you off. The previous day Today, Lord Domon Yaai, promised to come here today to ask for a gift of books.I am a poor child, without It is a filial son who obeys his mother's words and asks me to see him off.Not a lower class person, poor and ungrateful report.I hope the master will believe in the wind and have a safe journey.The master of the ship is a man of great wealth, The quantity is as large as the sea... I hope the master will show you this great kindness... God bless you, I will send you a book when you meet your master Cai, I will seek an official one day, and I will be a dog and a horse to repay your great kindness.If you can't get an official, you will be reincarnated in later generations, Be a dog or a horse and go to the home of your ship owner to repay your kindness..." The same is true for another letter, always claiming to be a "juren" and a "filial son", and He expressed his willingness to be a dog and horse in the next life and go to the home of the "ship owner" to repay his kindness.It can be seen that he is not only willing to do "Yellow dog", and hope to be reincarnated as "white dog", wishful thinking, people seem to see this The face of a scum. The documents recorded in the second half of "Da Zhong Ji" are all related to Guangdong, including English The documents that Chinese merchant sailors communicated with the government because of murder, the official documents given to them by the Guangdong Customs, As well as the letters between Wu Haoguan, the comprador of the foreign firm, and others in trade with them. The murder case committed by British sailors in Guangzhou, the relevant documents were published in "Da Zhong Ji", some of them were The case of Huang Yasheng killed by a British sailor.The cause was a dispute over money.testimony from China, It is certain that Huang Yasheng was killed by the sailors of "Red Hair Country", but the British ship owner first said that Huang Yasheng was killed by Yu defrauded the British sailor's banker, a dispute arose, and he was killed.But when the Manchu Qing officials ordered to hand over As for the murderer, he cunningly reasoned that the sailor who committed the crime could not be found out, and even said that it was impossible to be sure. sailors on their ships. The British ship owner who collected the banknotes "dumbly spit out the report of the town of Guangdong general", and gave the governor and the two The Governor-General's report all adopted the tone of evasion: "It is reported that Huang Yasheng, a man of the people, was killed and injured. Yin Yi and others have found out the matter and have not seen it. Evidence.Huang Yasheng believed that the person in his place was killed and injured, and if the deceased was really killed by barbarian people, witness Fang Ya Kezhou Yade did not know that the perpetrator was either from the United States of America or from the barbarians of the United Kingdom, but now A red card is issued, but not with the American ship, but not with the American ship..." As a result of the sophistry and delays employed by the British shipowners, the murder was finally brought to light by them. Lay it out, and then let it go. There is also a case of the "nuclear bone ship" shooting and injuring a mudboat worker, Jiang Ya, and several others. Correspondence documents are recorded in "Da Zhong Ji".This murder case ended in nothing. These documents all reflect that the British opium merchants gradually became rampant in Guangzhou, committed murders, and had already He refused to hand over the murderer who committed the crime to the Manchu court for interrogation, and deliberately resorted to various means of delay and prevarication. Send the murderer back to the country by boat, and then say that he can't find out for a while, or send someone back to the country to investigate the matter carefully. In this way, the Manchu government gradually lost its right to judge British tobacco merchants and sailors. Mr. Xu Dishan, the proofreader, said it well, "The second volume of Dazhong Collection is more important, because we start from In it, you can find out the charter, consular jurisdiction, and the history of foreign financial development in China.then The confusion of Chinese officials is often revealed in official documents. " As for those smugglers and treacherous people, they colluded with British opium merchants to conduct illegal trade in private, or went out Sell ​​intelligence news.The development of these people, due to the legalization of the opium trade later, these people who depend on foreign The people who lived in the human world also changed suddenly, becoming the comprador compradors we are familiar with today. The slaves are gone.