Chapter 61 six of them

Dear Xiaowen: You want Dad to tell you about six scientists, okay.Now speak according to your name. The first was Aristotle, who lived to be sixty-two years old. From the 5th to the 4th century BC, there were four people who had teacher-student relationships, and all of them were famous people. The first three were all philosophers, and the last one was Alexander the Great, the emperor who conquered the world. Socrates Plato Aristotle Alexander Socrates Plato Aristotle Alexander Socrates greatest pupil Platos greatest pupil Aristotles greatest pupil Aristotle has a lot of knowledge. He is a philosopher, an educator, and a scientist. His scientific works include logic, physics, natural history, and psychology... But he was 2,300 years ago There are many mistakes in his science. For example, he thinks that the earth is the center of the universe, and the sun and stars revolve around the earth, which is wrong; he thinks that the surface of the moon is smooth and emits light by itself, which is wrong; It is wrong that heavy things hit the ground before light things; he is also wrong that men have more teeth than women, which is probably because Mrs. Aristotle's teeth fell out!

Aristotle's real contribution, the chief contribution, is that he made learning into a situation of "carrying on the heritage so as to pave the way for future generations" (to carry on the heritage so as to pave the way for future generations), making human beings love truth (truth). Aristotle said in his Ethica (ethics ethics) that he loves the teacher Plato, but loves the truth more.There is also this kind of view in China, which is called "doing one's part and not yielding to one's teacher". (to yield to nobody when one is doing what is right; do not refuse to accept a reward or position which one deserves; to be behind none in the desire to benefit mankind.) Aristotle differed from Plato both in the aims of his philosophy and in the methods of his investigation. In his Ethica he states that, while both Plato and truth are dear to him, he is bound to prefer truth.

While Aristotle was a biologist of note, even if we allow for some rather peculiar lapses, his views on physics and astronomy were hopelessly muddled. Plato, combining the Milesian and Pythagorean traditions, had been much nearer the mark, and so were later Hellenistic like Aristarchus and Eratosthenes. Aristotles most famous contribution to systematic thought is probably his work in logic. The conclusion of Aristotle in science is - 300s BC Aristotle studies in logic and classification contributed to the foundations of science. The second scientist, Galileo, lived to be seventy-eight years old. Galileo was the first great experimenter and the father of modern astronomy. He was also an outstanding mathematician. Galileo said

Aristotle thinks that heavy objects fall to the ground first. No, he ran up the Leaning Tower of Pisa (the Leaning Tower of Pisa) and experimented with two balls of different weights. It turned out that Aristotle was wrong. ——But when everyone else is wrong, it is useless for him to be right alone, and he was kicked out of the university. Galileo printed another book, saying that the sun does not move, but the earth moves, which aroused public outrage, although he was right. ——But when everyone else is wrong, it is useless for him to be right alone. He was arrested in the "Inquisition", the Inquisition. Inquisition burns people to death at every turn, because Galileo is a university student, is too old (seventy years old), has a little background (protected by noble people), and "admits his mistakes", so "preferential treatment" was changed to "lifetime house arrest" ( permanent house arrest). House arrest, a form of arrest in which a person is confined under guard in his own house: Authorities insisted no one had been jailed but said some strikers were under house arrest. (Tuscaloosa News)

After he "admitted his mistake", he secretly said in a friend's ear: "But it (the earth) is still moving!" Yet it does move! (Epur si muove!) He was locked up at home. The great poet John Milton (thirty years old at the time) traveled to Italy and visited Galileo's home. Galileo was already blind. Coincidentally, Milton was also blind fourteen years later. John Milton, an English poet and political writer, wrote one of the worlds greatest epics, Paradise Lost. (1667) He composed this famous epic and two other works, Paradise Regained (1671) and Samson Agonistes (1671) 671), when he was totally blind. Milton

Galileo's mind is newer than the times, so it's always bad luck.This is called "born at a wrong time; luckless; unlucky". The conclusion of Galileo in science is—c. 1600 Galileo emphasized the mathematical interpretation of experiments in science. He discovered many important physical laws. The third scientist, William Harvey, lived to be seventy-nine years old. There is an idiom in Chinese called "周异双圈" (to repeat the cycle all over again). Blood in the human body goes round and round again.Spotting this phenomenon is not easy. But Harvey found out.Harvey also pointed out Aristotle's mistakes, but his respect and love for Aristotle has not diminished.Harvey had a patient who was a wealthy man and was also his good friend, King Charles I, the then Emperor of England.After Charles I fell, many manuscripts of Harvey in Oxford were destroyed by those who opposed the emperor. Their loss caused him great sorrow.

The conclusion of William Harvey in science is——1628 William Harvey published his theory on the circulation of the blood. The fourth scientist, Robert Boyle, lived to be sixty-four years old. Boyel was a philosopher, a physicist and a chemist, "the father of modern chemistry". When the Royal Society (the Royal Society), the most famous academic group in the UK and the world, was founded, Boyel was supposed to be the president, but he didn't do it because he didn't want to take the oath because of his religion. (While at Oxford he was the leader of a group of scientists known as the Invisible College, which in 1663 was incorporated as the Royal Society of London. Although Boyle was invited to be president of this organization in 1680, he refused because he had religious Scruples against taking an oath. Boyle was deeply religious. At Geneva he had been under strong Calvinist influence which deeply impressed him and gave his life a serious character.)

ROYAL SOCIETY is the oldest scientific society in the world and probably the most famous. The full title of the organization is The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge. It grew out of weekly meetings which London scientists held In as early as 1645. , the society was officially organized with the approval of King Charles II. (that is, the son of Charles I.) In 1662, the society was formally incorporated by charter of Charles II as the Royal Society of London for Promoting Natural Knowledge, or, as it is popularly known, the Royal Society. From its earliest years, the Society maintained correspondence with Continental philosophers, Selections from this correspondence became the world-famous Philosophical Transactions. Sir Isaac Newton was the Societys president from 1703 until his death in 1727. In the approximately 300 years of its existence, the Society has sponsored and expensive sdingsifica recent years, a notable series of investigations of tropical diseases.

The conclusion to Boyle in science is——1660s Robert Boyle applied the scientific method to chemistry. The fifth scientist, Isaac Newton, lived to be eighty-five years old. The year Galileo died (Jan.8, 1642) was the year Newton was born (Dec.25, 1642). Galileo died at the beginning of the year, and Newton was born at the end of the year.Neither of them married, but Galileo has two daughters and a son. Some of Galileo's observations were wrong. Although he threw the ball downward from the leaning tower, he did not discover the real speed of the falling object and did not establish a law. It was not until Newton came out that he completed this explanation.Newton was an "posthumous child" (an infant born after the death of its father; a posthumous child). His mother was not around since he was a child, and he grew up with his grandmother. He was fond of science since he was a child.

①Newton discovered that sunlight is a mixture of light of all colors. He passed a beam of sunlight through a glass prism and studied the colors that were produced. (By passing a beam of sunlight through a prism, Newton showed that white light is made up of the rainbows colors.) ②He made great discoveries in the field of mathematics. He is credited with inventing integral and differential calculus. (Calculus) ③He was the first to state the laws of gravitation. Newton's achievements are best described by the British poet Alexander Pope in two lines: Nature and Natures laws lay hid in night:

God said, Let Newton be! and all was light. (Alexander Pope: Epigram on Sir Isaac Newton) In 1705 Newton was knighted by Queen Anne. So Sir. in front of his name is jazz.Popular music is also translated into jazz in Chinese, but it is a transliteration of jazz, not really jazz, and it is sung in a mess, not jazz at all. Although Newton has such great achievements, he is very humble (humble), he said: To myself seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea-shore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary, whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me. The conclusion of Newton in science is——1687 Sir Isaac Newton published the Principia, which summarized basic of mechanics. Newton formulated the laws of gravitation and motion and contributed greatly to the theories of light and optical science. The sixth scientist, Albert Einstein, lived to be seventy-six years old. Einstein was German (Germany), became Swiss (Swiss), became German, and became American (American), but his blood was Jew (Jewish).He helped Jews restore the country, but when Israel (Israel) was established, he refused to be the president. In the end, his friend Weizmann, who can speak six languages, did it. Einstein's new theory is "the theory of relativity" (the Theory of Relativity), part of Newton's theory was shaken. Albert Einstein, the German-American physician, rejected Newtons explanation of universal gravitation but not the fact of its operation. He said that his own work would have been impossible without Newtons discoveries. He also said that the concepts Newton developed “are even today still guiding our thinking in physics". It is from Einstein that human beings can use atomic power. Without Einstein, there would be no atomic bomb for war, and no atomic energy for peaceful uses. The conclusion of Einstein in science is——1905 Albert Einstein presented his Special Theory of Relativity. Einstein developed the theory of relativity which revised older theories of time and space, and led to the use of atomic power. dad May 31, 1975 Attachment: The letter on May 18 entrusted grandma to do things every week. Has grandma done it?